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PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ dodatku Cu2+ na wzrost wybranych bakterii występujących w serach dojrzewających. Wrażliwość komórek bakterii na Cu2+ była wysoce zmienna i zależała od szczepu bakterii. Selekcja szczepów może być przydatna w przypadku produkcji serów z mleka z dodatkiem Cu2+. Dodatek Cu2+ do mleka hamuje kiełkowanie przetrwalników bakterii masłowych, co zapobiega późnemu wzdymaniu serów. Hamujący wpływ Cu2+ na aktywność gazotwórczą bakterii propionowych zapobiega nadmiernemu oczkowaniu w serach.
EN
The article presents effects of supplementation of copper ions on growth of the selected bacteria occurring in ripening cheeses. Copper resistance is highly variable and depends both on bacterial species and strains. When producing the cheeses from milk with additional copper ions, selection of the chosen strains may be useful. Copper added to milk is capable of inhibiting clostridial spore germination process and could reduce the risk of late blowing cheese. Inhibitory effects of copper on CO2 production by Propionibacterium reduce split defect in cheese.
EN
The sensitivity of explosives to various initiating events, in probability of initiation-level of stimulus space, has a shape of sigmoidal curve. In standard sensitivity tests only one point on this curve is sought, most often the 50% initiation probability level. The usual (and most often used) method for its determination is the up-and-down method. The whole sensitivity curve can be obtained by conducting large number of trials at all levels or more effectively by probit analysis. The usage of probit analysis, improvement of the precision of the results and comparison with the results precision of the up-and-down method is demonstrated by the example of determination of sensitivity to friction.
EN
Mio-Pliocene clays will increasingly constitute the subgrade for building structures, not only in the Warsaw region, but within the whole of central Poland, where the depths of their occurrences range from 2 to 100 m below groundlewel and their average thickness is 50 m. In their geological history these clays became overconsolidated. They include numerous weakness surfaces, are sensitive to the influence of exogenic processes, and can be classified as soils of specific properties. It is necessary to take into account the state and history of loads when testing these soils. This paper deals with the testing of overconsolidated soils. It contains full characteristics of the engineering-geological properties of the Mio-Pliocene clays of Warsaw area. On the basis of the determined properties, the load-bearing capabilities of unweathered and weathered clays as the construction subgrade have been analysed. Special attention was paid to the quantitative expression of the influence of wetting (swelling), structure disturbance, and occurences of shear strength weakness surfaces (cohesion and angle of internal friction). In the case of clays, it is possible that horizontal stresses are higher than vertical stresses (K0=0.74-1.44). The behaviour of clays occuring in slopes has been assessed. Laboratory and field (static penetration and dilatometer) test results are presented. Obtained results can be used directly for the evaluation of Mio-Pliocene clays as a construction subgrade, and indirectly for other overconsolidated soils, especially in the context of testing methodology.
PL
Przedstawiono laboratoryjny program numeryczny MFP2D/O przeznaczony do symulacji numerycznej i optymalizacji procesów tłoczenia blach, optymalizacja dotyczny procesu projektowania narzędzi, jest prowadzona metodą programowania sekwencyjnego i bazuje na przybliżonych obliczeniach wrażliwości metodą różnic skończonych, zaprezentowano również krótko nowe, testowane obecnie algorytmy optymalizacji kształtu narzędzi oparte na ścisłych metodach analizy wrażliwości.
EN
A laboratory numerical program MFP2D/O intended for numerical simulation and optimization of sheel-metal forming processes. Oprimization concerns a process of designing tools and is made by the sequence programming method and is based on approximate calculations of sensivity using finite-difference method. Briefly presented are new algorithms now under test for optimization of the shape of tools based on accurate sensitivity analysing methods.
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