Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Global Challenges and Threats of Hypersonic Weapons: The Russian Context

Banasik Mirosław

Safety & Defense

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2021

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2

40--50

EN

This article presents the results of research that set out to identify and characterize the challenges and threats to international security posed by the use of hypersonic weapons. The research process mainly employed the critical assessment of the literature, systemic and comparative analyses and generalization. As a result of the research, it was established that hypersonic weapons are an indispensable tool in the conducting of international competition by the Russian Federation and can be treated on par with nuclear weapons. Due to its attributes, it meets the criteria of an offensive weapon and poses certain uncertainties and real threats to the international security environment mainly because, so far, the capabilities to intercept and destroy it in the active phase of flight to the target has not been acquired. The Russian Federation considers hypersonic weapons as an excellent tool for applying pressure and aggression, allowing it to conduct international competition in the gray zone and achieve foreign policy objectives without the need for direct military confrontation. Due to its ability to cause almost immediate operational and strategic effects, it accelerates the dynamics of conflict escalation and rapidly affects the transition from a state of stability to international instability. It cannot be ruled out that in the third decade of the 21st century hypersonic weapons may be the key element determining the Russian Federation's achievement of global dominance.

2

400 meters freestyle pacing strategy and race pace training in age-group swimmers

Tijani Jed M., Lipińska Patrycja, Abderrahman Abderraouf Ben

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

191--197

EN

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the 400 m freestyle pacing strategy, the effect of post-race feedback, and individualised race-pace training. Methods: Twenty male swimmers (13.4 ± 1.0 years) were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group used training monitoring based on intensities around 400 m pace (92 and 97% of 400 m speed), while, for the control group different heart rate zones (EN2 and EN2+) were used as an intensity criterion. The training volume was the same for both groups. A maximal 400 m freestyle simulated competition was performed before and after the 3 weeks period to determine intensities and to assess changes in performance. The rate of perceived exertion and heart rate values were also evaluated. Results: A fast start in the first 50–100 m, then a constant speed in the middle of the race and an end-spurt during the last 50–100 m was the pacing pattern adopted by the majority of the swimmers. Significant main effects of time were observed for 400 m time (p = 0.001; ES 3.39; very large). Results revealed significant pre-to-post improvements from 328 ± 26.3 s to 317 ± 19.4 s in the experimental group and from 329 ± 25.2 s to 321 ± 21.1 s in the control group. Conclusions: All the swimmers adopted almost the same parabolic pacing strategy before and after the training program with some differences in seconds that have made the strategy of the experimental group better balanced during the post-training test. Both training methods induced significant improvements in 400 m performance, to a greater extent for the training using intensities near 400 m race pace.

3

Maria Skłodowska-Curie i Ernest Rutherford - przyjaźń, współpraca i rywalizacja

Piskurewicz Jan

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2019

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T. 64, nr 4

25--42

EN

For the first quarter of the 20th century, the Curie Laboratory and the Ernest Rutherford Laboratory were the two main research centers for radioactivity. Both dealt with the same field, but had different priorities from the beginning. The Paris laboratory focused on discovering and studying the properties of new radioactive elements, while Rutherford in his laboratories in Montreal, and later in Manchester and Cambridge, tried, above all, to explain the very nature of radioactivity. There was a clear competition between the two laboratories, which, however, did not preclude personal and scholarly cooperation between their heads of research, i.e. Maria Skłodowska-Curie and Ernest Rutherford. The article discusses the main topics of this collaboration, such as developing a radium template, assigning scientific terminology, organizing scientific conferences, and preparing students. In addition, a few passages were devoted to the private relations between both scientists, which had a direct impact on their collaboration.

4

The impact of rivalry and excludability on transport choices: a preliminary research

Paradowska Monika

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

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nr 2

160--178

EN

Purpose: Many policies aimed at developing sustainable transport are based on a (partial) exclusion of car drivers and on a decrease in rivalry between different transport users. In this context, the primary purpose of this study is to assess the impact of changes in levels of rivalry and excludability resulting from infrastructural changes in the transport system providing enhanced sustainable transport choices. Methodology/approach: Rivalry and excludability determine patterns of consumption and are the basis of many aspects of sustainable transport policies. Therefore, the key issue for policy making is to determine the extent to which changes in these features support sustainable transport choices. To attempt to understand these features, preliminary survey research was conducted among users of the Wrocław (Poland) transport system to investigate; (i) which changes in the transport system are the most important for respondents, (ii) how these changes influence the intensity of rivalry and excludability, and (iii) whether these changes lead to a shift in transport mode choice. Findings: Changes in the transport system led to decreased or unchanged intensity of rivalry. There were few examples of exclusion, which affected primarily car users. Modifications in the levels of the two analysed features were not accompanied by a permanent shift towards more sustainable transport choices. Originality/value: While many studies investigate changes in transport behaviour resulting from particular solutions that promote sustainable transport, this study focuses on how transport users react when faced with many different changes in the transport system. The novelty of this approach sheds light on transport choices resulting from changes in rivalry and excludability and the results obtained may assist evidence-based policy recommendations.

5

Badanie gotowości przedsiębiorstw budowlanych do wdrażania innowacji organizacyjnych

Górecki J.

Materiały Budowlane

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2016

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nr 6

170--171

PL

W artykule wskazano na wzrost zainteresowania przedsiębiorstw wprowadzaniem zmian o charakterze innowacyjnym. Taka postawa wynika z konieczności ciągłego doskonalenia organizacji gospodarczych, funkcjonujących na konkurencyjnym rynku. Nakreślono obszary wdrażania innowacji w przedsiębiorstwie i przedstawiono wyniki badania ankietowego przedsiębiorców budowlanych w aspekcie obecności w firmie nowoczesnych narzędzi zarządzania organizacją, stanu świadomości kadry kierowniczej odnośnie do możliwości ich wykorzystania oraz poziomu zainteresowania implementacją innowacji o charakterze organizacyjnym.

EN

The article indicates a growing interest of introducing some innovative changes. This attitude comes from a need of constant improvements of companies that operate on the competitive market. There are some innovation implementation areas in the enterprise and some results of the survey held among contractors were presented. The study was on a presence of innovative tools for management systems in the enterprise. A state of the innovation utility awareness among management staff was analyzed. A level of interest in the organizational innovation implementation was underlined.

6

Międzynarodowe Zawody Zastępów Ratowniczych drogą do wymiany doświadczeń

Mirek A., Katan D., Walczak P.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2012

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nr 11

48-52

7

Long-term changes in stand composition of natural forest associations on the Roztocze Highlands (Eastern Poland)

Maciejewski Z., Szwagrzyk J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 3

535-549

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the trends and rates of spontaneous changes in the structure and species composition of natural forests which are composed mostly of tree species growing at the limits of their natural range of distribution. We analyzed the demographic processes in populations of woody species in the years 1968-2005. The investigations were conducted in strictly protected areas in the Roztoczański National Park (The Roztocze Highlands, Eastern Poland) on four 0.5-ha sample plots, established in the 1960s. These plots represented three forest communities: upland fir mixed forest Abietetum polonicum (Ap), Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae.Fagetum (DgF), and pine-oaks mixed forest Querco roboris.Pinetum (QrP)). Measurements were conducted in 1968, 1978 (two sample plots only) and in two study periods (1993-1995 and 2003-2005). Measurements in the last two periods included canopy trees (DBH and height) forest regeneration (saplings, seedlings and germinants) as well as dead wood (snags and coarse woody debris). The results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the studied forests. The directions and rates of changes were different among forest communities. Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) showed continuous decrease in all the forest associations. The highest rates of change were found in the DgF forest association. Data from the last measurement showed, that the rate of fir decline has slowed down, and in some cases even a slight increase of its share was recorded. However, the continuous decrease in abundance of the fir regeneration in all study plots suggests, that fir in the near future can be partly replaced by the broadleaved species. Among them, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) revealed the most dynamic species. It showed a systematic increase of it.s share in stand composition, according to the number of trees and basal area in all investigated plots. The largest increase of this species was recorded in the QrP forest association. Untill 1993 hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) developed well in the DgF association, and it also increased in abundance in the Ap association. The last measurements confirmed large increase the number of hornbeams in the DgF association, whereas it's share in stand basal area revealed a weak downward tendency in both associations. After 1993 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) grow only in the Ap forest communities, where its development is rather weak. The share of Norway spruce in forest composition has diminished systematically since 1968. The measurements from 2003 revealed a slight increase of the basal area of spruce and substantial decrease of its regeneration. Other tree species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the successive measurements showed a systematic decrease of their number, basal area and share in the stand composition. There was also no natural regeneration of these species. Observed changes could be mainly attributed to natural processes of forests development (including natural disturbances) in general and to specific mechanisms of competition in forests composed of tree species growing close to the limits of their natural distribution ranges. In some cases the dynamics of researched species (hornbeam, pine and oak) can be explained as the regeneration processes of ecosystems affected previously by human activities.

8

Kwestia irańska w świetle rywalizacji między Zachodem a Rosją

Otłowski Tomasz

Wiedza Obronna

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2008

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nr 4

13--19

9

Wykorzystanie strategii wojennej w biznesie.

Skonieczny J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Organizacji i Zarządzania Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2005

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Vol. 76, nr 18/1

77-89

PL

Celem pracy jest pokazanie związków pomiędzy wojną a strategią biznesową oraz omówienie tych elementów strategii wojennej, które mogą być przydatne w biznesie. Wyjaśniono pojęcie wojny i opisano jej rodzaje. Następnie zdefiniowano zasady stuki wojennej. Analiza tych zasad umożliwiła wyróżnienie 12 elementów strategii wojennej. Szczególnym elementem jest odwet ze strony przeciwnika. Jego uwzględnienie w strategii wojennej wymaga zastosowania wywiadowczych metod zbierania informacji.

EN

The paper is focused on relations among leading a war and business strategy. Author also points elements of war strategy, which can be useful in business process. Nature of war was explained and also its types. After that the rules and 12 elements were discussed in general.

10

Jedność europejska

Kaczmarek J.

Wiedza Obronna

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1999

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nr 1

3--16