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1

Exploring the dynamics of monkeypox: a fractional order epidemic model approach

Baba Isa Abdullahi, Hincal Evren, Rihane Fathalla A.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2024

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Vol. 23, nr 1

32-44

EN

We present a mathematical model employing nonlinear fractional differential equations to investigate the transmission of disease from rodents to humans. The existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions are established through Banach contraction maps, and the local asymptotic stability of equilibrium solutions is confirmed. We calculate a critical parameter, the basic reproduction number, which reflects secondary infection rates. Numerical simulations illustrate dynamic changes over time, showcasing that our model provides a more comprehensive representation of the biological system compared to classical models.

2

A new species of Hystrix (Rodentia: Hystricidae) from the Pliocene site of Węże 1 in southern Poland

Czernielewski Michał

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 1

73--83

EN

The specific name velunensis is established to encompass porcupine remains (Hystrix Linnæus, 1758) recovered from the Pliocene site of Węże 1 in southern Poland. The studied specimen was previously assigned either to H. primigenia (Wagner, 1848) or H. depereti Sen, 2001, however it can be distinguished from these species and other fossil Hystricidae by its distinct occlusal morphology, most importantly the presence of an anterolingual flexus dissecting the anteroloph of P4. Hystrix velunensis sp. nov. was probably closely related to H. primigenia and H. depereti. A previously undescribed specimen from the nearby site of Węże 2 most probably belongs to H. refossa Gervais, 1852b, which would be the first known occurrence of this species in Poland.

3

Castoridae (Rodentia) from the Villafranchian site of Węże 2 in southern Poland

Czernielewski Michał

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 2

art. no. 18

EN

Several isolated teeth and jaw fragments of beavers (Rodentia: Castoridae), discovered at the Villafranchian (MN 16b?) site of Węże 2 in southern Poland, are attributable to two species: Dipoides ex gr. problematicus-sigmodus and Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minus. The genus Dipoides and the species Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minus have not previously been reported from Poland. Their presence at the Węże 2 site suggests that these lesser-known and extinct representatives of the Castoridae were adapted to similar conditions as the modern species (Castor fiber and C. canadensis).

4

Rodent Species Diversity and Occurrence of Leishmania in Northeastern Iran

Motevalli-Haghi Seyed Farzad, Ozbaki Ghorban Mohammad, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei Nasibeh, Nikookar Seyed Hassan, Dehghan Omid, Yazdani-Charati Jamshid, Siahsarvie Roohollah, Dehbandi Reza, Fazeli-Dinan Mahmoud, Enayati Ahmadali

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

57--70

EN

The aim of the current study was to survey the species diversity and Leishmania infection of rodents in the Gonbad -e- Kavoos City and County, northeastern Iran, during 2018-2019. Totally, 20 rural and four urban areas endemic for leishmaniasis were selected and visited monthly. Rodent species diversity indices were calculated in different spatial and temporal scales. Species richness was also calculated using rarefaction curves to estimate the number of species in unequal sample sizes. A total of 167 rodents belonging to 7 species, 6 genera, and 2 families were collected. Rattus rattus (34.7%) and Rattus norvegicus (18.6%) were identified as dominant species. The largest Margalef and Menhinick species richness (DMg = 1.55; DMn = 1.01) and the highest value of the Shannon index (H′ = 1.71) were observed in rural areas. Seasonal abundance of the rodents varied among species and showed that the highest richness (DMg = 1.27; DMn = 0.65) occurred in spring and the highest value of Shannon index (H′ = 1.72) was noted in summer. Rarefaction curves confirmed that the highest species richness occurred in summer and spring in the rural area. Seasonal fluctuations of R. rattus and R. norvegicus have a significant impact on the changes in rodent species diversity. Investigations of Leishmania infection showed that amastigote forms of Leishmania were observed in 15.4% of smears taken from Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus and examined under the light microscope. The highest rate of Leishmania infection was observed during the summer.

5

Gliridae (Rodentia) from the Villafranchian site of Węże 2 in southern Poland

Czernielewski Michał

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 4

art. no. 49

EN

A fossil assemblage of dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) was uncovered at the (Lower?) Villafranchian site of Węże 2 in southern Poland. Based on morphometric criteria, the diagnostic M1 and m1 speci mens are assignable to Glis mi nor and Glis sackdillingensis, two species which differ only in the dimensions of their cheek teeth. The presence of dormice at Węże 2 implies that the fossil assemblage of this site represents an at least partly wooded environment. The enamel structure in the glirids from Węże 2 is formed predomi nantly by radial enamel. A thin layer of lamellar enamel, occurring close to the enamel-dentine junction, may be present. Such a type of enamel structure is typical of the Myomorpha, the clade of rodents encompassing the Muroidea (the mouse-like rodents) and Gliridae.

6

Long-Term Stability of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) Population Despite Varying Environmental Conditions – a Case Study from Central Poland

Gryz Jakub, Chojnacka-Ożga Longina, Krauze-Gryz Dagny

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 1

75--83

EN

Our aim was to determine dynamics in a population of tawny owls Strix aluco over 15-year period, in relation to year-to-year variation in environmental conditions. The research was carried out in a habitat mosaic of fields and forest in central Poland, over the 2004-2018 period. Numbers of pairs (territories) were established by the standard playback survey technique supplemented by searches for nest sites. The selected environmental factors studied in parallel were the acorn production, density changes in field and forest rodents, meteorological conditions in winter and density of martens (Martes spp.). At the start of the study period 20 nest boxes designed for tawny owls were placed out in the study area. This number was enlarged by additional 27 nest boxes placed in 2012. The number of owls in the area remained stable – in the range of 26-29 pairs, despite changes in nesting sites availability. However, moderate influence of rodent density and winter conditions on population abundance was detected. Also, peak in the rodent population coincided with greater clutch size and numbers of young owls reared. Densities of martens remained relatively stable throughout the study period, and there were no reported cases of these carnivores killing tawny owls, despite the former taking shelter in the owl-boxes.

7

Survey of Discarded Bottles as an Effective Method in Detection of Small Mammal Diversity

Kolenda K., Przybył M., Piłacińska B., Rychlik L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 1

57--63

EN

We assess if survey of containers discarded by people (and collected within environmental cleanup actions) may be an useful method in detection of small mammal species and how different parameters of containers affect mammal mortality. The discarded containers without stoppers were collected from two sites (one forest and one agricultural) in western Poland. In 13 bottles (out of 288 collected containers), 58 specimens belonging to 10 species were found. Remains were found mostly in color glass bottles with mouth diameter 18-31 mm and 0.5-5.0 l capacity. We detected only six small mammal species during four short-term live-trapping sessions performed in the same sites. Thus, we suggest that the survey of discarded bottles may be an efficient complement to traditional scientific methods (as live-trapping), which can be performed by both specialists and amateurs, who, at the same time, would clean the environment of the ecological traps.

8

Biologiczne zanieczyszczenia żywności - powiadomienia RASFF

Rybińska K., Postupolski J., Ledzion E., Kuprińska-Jaworska J., Szczęsna M.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2011

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T. 65, nr 7/8

78-82

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zgłoszenia w latach 2004-2011 w ramach systemu RASFF o zagrożeniach dotyczących zanieczyszczenia środków spożywczych szkodnikami magazynowymi. Obserwuje się wzrost liczby powiadomień w poszczególnych latach oraz zgłoszeń o odrzuceniu na granicy. Zwraca uwagę liczba powiadomień z Polski, w tym powiadomień alertowych. Obecność szkodników w środkach spożywczych może stanowić poważny problem dla bezpieczeństwa żywności.

EN

Notifications to RASFF concerning the contamination of foodstuff with warehouse pests in the years 2004-2011 have been presented. An increase of the number of such notifications as well as of the border rejections over in every year the period 2004-2011 has been observed. The number of notifications from Poland, including the alert notifications is of particular importance. Such evidence of the presence of pests in the foodstuffs may become a serious problem for food safety.

9

Effectiveness of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seeds dispersing by small rodents in fragmented forests

Yang Y., Yi X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

413-422

EN

The effectiveness of dispersers on seeds of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini) was investigated in three fragmented stands and one primary stand. The proportion of Korean pine trees was less than 7% in the fragmented stands but more than 90% in primary stand. Five estimates related seed dispersal (proportion of removed seeds, scatter-hoarded seeds, cache dynamics, dispersal distance and microhabitat) were assessed to see the effect of forest fragmentation on the probability of seed dispersal of Korean pine seeds. Our results indicated fast seed harvest of Korean pine by small rodents at the seed stations and no difference among the four stands. Scatter-hoarding rodents were potentially important in promoting natural regeneration of Korean pine as revealed by high proportion of seed removal (up to 50%), short seed lifetime from the seed release locations and lower proportion of seeds remained on the ground surface. Although a proportion of seeds were scatter-hoarded in fragmented stands, no seedling successfully established due to heavy predation. Dispersal distances were strongly left-skewed in fragmented stands, indicating that fragmentation is likely to be disadvantageous for longer distance dispersal. The effective dispersal was suffered from a very heavy cost as accompanied by a great portion of seed predation and lower level of scatter-hoarded seeds. Failing to see seedling establishment in fragmented stands rather than in primary stand indicated that fragmentation and deforestation have negative effects on dispersal behavior and consequently seed destination. Artificial tree plantation and pinecone protection are highly recommended for Korean pine regeneration.

10

Effect of felling on the distribution of rodents and their predators in a transitional mixed forest

Sidorovich V., Solovej I., Sidorovich A., Rotenko I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 2

309-321

EN

The influence of felling on the distribution of rodents and their predators in a transitional coniferous-deciduous forest in northern Belarus was investigated in relation to stand age, forest type, and soil richness. The study was conducted in two areas differing by top-grounds (clay and sand soils) and, in turn, having different habitat carrying capacities. Three forest parts were investigated: 1) 10%, 2) 20-30%, and 3) 40-60% covered by recent clearcuts. Three age classes of the clearcuts, namely 1) less than 2 years old, 2) 2-5 years old and 3) 6-12 years old, were considered. In total, we obtained data on small rodent numbers in 84 clearcuts, and the data on predators - in 67 clearcuts and the woodland parts differed by logging rate. Eventually, we became convinced that felling generally led to an increase in the abundance and species richness of rodents and their predators and that was attributable in the clearcuts aged up to 12 years. First, logging led to higher densities of Apodemus mice, the red fox Vulpes vulpes L., weasel Mustela nivalis L., tawny owl Strix aluco L., common buzzard Buteo buteo L. and adder Vipera berus L. Also, with the increased felling rate Microtus voles and the longeared owl Asio otus L. penetrated in transitional woodlands. Too intensive forest harvesting (more than 40% of recent clearcuts) led to the decline in the populations of several predatory species such as the pine marten Martes martes L., Tengmalm.s owl Aegolius funereus L., Ural owl Strix uralensis Pall., and pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum L. The decline in rodent predators found in the conditions of too intensive logging rate was different in the woodlands on sand and clay top-grounds. In the conditions of clay soil too intensive felling led to the pronounced decline of a marked part of the rodent predatory guild inhabiting woodlands, and the species densities decreased to the level that was lower than the initial one. Conversely, in initially poor habitats in the woodland on sandy deposits, logging of any rate led to the increase in numbers of rodents and their predators compared to undisturbed forest. But moderate logging was found to be the most favourable for the community there.

11

Social relationship in a bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) population : video monitoring under field conditions

Łopucki R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

543-558

EN

Social behaviour of the bank vole was video recorded during direct encounters between individuals under natural conditions. The apparatus consisted of miniature video cameras, a system of image processing and recording, and infrared emitters. This device enabled continuous 24-h observations at several sites simultaneously. The study was conducted in an alder swamp Ribonigri-Alnetum located in the Kampinos National Park, central Poland (52 [degrees] 20'N, 20 [degrees] 25'E). Observations were made in the late summers of 2002 and 2003 at six independent baited sites for 10 days and nights per each site. Rodents visiting the sites were individually marked by fur clipping. In sum, 13 053 visits to the sites and 1868 encounters between two marked individuals of C. glareolus were video recorded during 1440 hours of observation. It has been found that under natural conditions, bank voles most often avoided each other (55% of the encounters). In the case of close contacts they were aggressive (30%), rarely tolerant (7%), and during the remaining encounters they showed a mixed behaviour. The voles met mainly in the night (94% of the encounters) despite of 25% of their daily activity ran during the day. The frequency and character of encounters depended on the sex, age, and the origin of individuals. Encounters between males were more aggressive than between females (P <0.01). In encounters between opposite sexes, males were dominants (P <0.001). Individuals with a larger body mass were dominant in access to food (P <0.000). Cases of the dominance of juveniles over adults were interpreted as a result of the site of their origin. Social relations between individuals were characterised by persistence and repeatability in time. The results are compared with the literature describing experiments with animals kept in the laboratory or in enclosures, and field observations based on trapping techniques and telemetry.

12

Artificial tunnels as a method for studying populations of small rodents

Andrzejewski R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

535-542

EN

A method was proposed for studying population density, microhabitat preference, daily activity and seasonal activity in small rodents. In this method, artificial tunnels (PVC pipes) imitating a natural system of burrows were applied. Their use by rodents was recorded by means of the electronic counters provided with a photoelectric cell. The study was conducted in an alder swamp 110 years old, located in the Kampinos National Park (52 [degree] 25'N, 20 [degree] 53'E) during 2003-2005. In this area, the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) accounted for 90.99% of the captured rodents. The use of the tunnels by rodents (the number of passages) did not depend on their length within a range of 1.8 m applied in the experiment (P = 0.22). The tunnels were used by day and night, at the highest rate in the evening and at night. The use of tunnels increased when a bait was exposed in the vicinity (P = 0.001).It was positively correlated with population density (estimated with te CMR technique), and varied from season to season (in spring, summer, and autumn). The formula: density = 0.1717 + 0.0304 x mean number of passages per day, enabled the estimation of population density based on the number of passages through the tunnels. It has been found that a single tunnel was typically used by 5 individuals (mean 4.6 individuals, SD = 1.8). The location of tunnels had a significant effect on their use. Tunnels connecting fallen logs or bases of alders (hummocks) were more frequented than those leading to shrubby areas (P <0.000) or to microhabitats covered with herbaceous vegetation (P <0.001). This method enabled a multisided analysis of the behaviour of rodents at a minimum interference in the life of animals. Thanks to the application of electronic counters of passages, it was possible to obtain easily a large number of data.It is proposed to mark rodents with electronic transponders in the future studies to identify the individuals using artificial tunnels .h. This method could replace the methods used so far in the studies of small rodents, requiring trapping (CMR) or radio-telemetry.

13

Pleistocene rodents of Europe

Kowalski K.

Folia Quaternaria

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2001

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nr 72

3-389

EN

Fossil remains of rodents are very important for the study of the Quaternary, particularly for indicating the stratigraphic position of the sediments in which they were preserved. They are also useful for the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment in successive stages of the Pleistocene. In spite of the great progress in the study of fossil rodents in many European countries their distribution in the entire continent was never presented. The paper contains the description of about 700 fossil rodent localities situated between the Atlantic in the west and the Ural and Caucasus Mts. in the east. Besides the continent, British Islands and the islands of the Meditenanean Sea were also included. The faunal assemblages cover the period of about three last milion years of the history of the Earth, including - besides the Pleistocene - also the Late Pliocene. For each fossil locality basic data on geology, faunal remains, archaeological material and history of the investigations are given. The list of rodent taxa is given for each locality, as well as a list of references. Taphonomical factors which could be responsible for the changes of the composition of faunal remains were discussed. The list of Late Pliocene and Pleistocene rodent taxa known from Europe contains the data on the distribution of particular species in space and time.