Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

Ograniczanie wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 2

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych: rock masses

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Gospodarowanie odpadami wydobywczymi oraz masami ziemnymi lub skalnymi przemieszczanymi w związku z wydobywaniem kopalin ze złóż

Madej Bogusława, Kujawski Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

2023

nr 1

2--7

The extractive industry is a significant source of waste in Poland. Legal provisions of dealing with waste from the exploration, extraction and processing of minerals, due to their specificity, are regulated separately in the Mining Waste Act. Only in unregulated matters the provisions of the Waste Act are to apply. It should be noted, however, that the legislation regarding waste do not apply to: - extractive residues, if the concession for the extraction of minerals or the mining plant operation plan, or the local spatial development plan for the mining area specify the conditions and manner of their development, - overburden, dumped in a mining area, if the term and method of its management have been determined in accordance with the provisions of the Geological and Mining Law regarding the operation of a mining plant, unless it constitutes waste within the meaning of the provisions of the Waste Act. In accordance with the waste hierarchy referred to in this article, waste generation should be prevented as a priority. A significant part of extractive residues is managed in accordance with the above mentioned requirements, including, inter alia, placing it back into excavation voids for reclamation purposes. Data presented in the article indicate that the amount of extracted residues in 2021 in the mining plants covered by the statistics counted 346.3 million tonnes, of which only 67.6 million tonnes (19.5%) were mining waste, while as much as 278.7 million tonnes (80.5%) are not subject to waste regulations.

W artykule omówiono podstawy prawne gospodarowania odpadami wydobywczymi. Przedstawiono również dane dotyczące ilości wytwarzanych w 2021 roku odpadów wydobywczych oraz mas ziemnych lub skalnych w poszczególnych rodzajach górnictwa. Zaprezentowano gospodarowanie odpadami wydobywczymi w latach 2017-2021.

Excavation‑induced structural deterioration of rock masses at different depths

Zhang R., Xie H. P., Ren Li, Deng H. I., Gao M. Z., Feng G., Zhang Z. T., LI X. P., Tan Q.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2022

Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e81, 1--15

The excavation-induced deterioration of rock mass quality and integrity may significantly affect the stability of deep underground spaces. However, the influence of the burial depth on excavation-induced rock mass structural deterioration remains unclear. To address this issue, in the Jinping II auxiliary tunnels, borehole acoustic wave and digital panoramic borehole imaging tests were conducted at five depths, and the surrounding rock mass structure deterioration was comprehensively quantified at these depths. The results show that the wave curve significantly varies with increasing depth, and the deeper the tunnel section is, the more severe the rock damage is, the larger the excavation damage zone is, and the more complex the generated fracture network is. An excavation-damaged zone and excavation-disturbed zone (EdZ) were found in the rock masses at shallow depths, while a highly damaged zone (HDZ) and EdZ were observed at greater depths. Further investigation demonstrates that the formation pattern of excavation-damaged zones (EDZs) at deep depths follows a stress-concentration controlled mode, and at very shallow depths, horizontal unloading plays a dominant role in the EDZ formation process (yielding a pure unloading-controlled mode), while at intermediate depths, a mixed EDZ formation mode is observed.