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PL
W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zmiany w treści Ramowej Instrukcji Eksploatacji Transformatorów, które zostały wprowadzone w wyd. 2022 r. Omówiono również przyczyny nowelizacji spowodowane zmianami w aktach normatywnych i przepisach, stosowaniem nowoczesnych materiałów konstrukcyjnych oraz wprowadzaniem nowych metod pomiarowych i potrzebą dopasowania wymagań do zmieniającej się populacji transformatorów oraz czynników ekonomicznych i środowiskowych.
EN
The article presents the most important changes in the General Transformer Maintenance Guide, that have been introduced to ed. 2022. The reasons for he revision caused by changes in normative acts and regulations, the use of modern construction materials, the introduction of new measurement methods end the need to adjust the requirements to the changing population of transformers as well as economic and environmental factors are also discussed.
PL
Pomimo postępu jaki dokonał się w ostatnich latach w zakresie endoprotezoplastyk stawu biodrowego jednym z nierozwiązanych do końca zagadnień pozostaje problem aseptycznych i septycznych obluzowań elementów endoprotez. Dlatego stale trwają poszukiwania rozwiązań pozwalających zminimalizować ryzyko zapaleń okołoprotezowych i aseptycznych obluzowań endoprotez. Przedmiotem badania był trzpień endoprotezy Mittelmeiera usunięty z powodu aseptycznego obluzowania po 16 latach od wszczepienia. Przeprowadzano analizę strukturalną wykorzystując mikroskop świetlny i skaningowy oraz zbadano skład chemiczny materiału, z którego wykonano implant. Dokonano również oceny stopnia degradacji jego powierzchni. Analiza składu chemicznego porównana do pierwotnego składu tego trzpienia ujawniła, iż bezpośredni kontakt implantu z płynami ustrojowymi i żywą tkanką wpływa na zmianę ilościową poszczególnych pierwiastków. Mikroskopia skaningowa elektronowa ujawniła na metalowym trzpieniu liczne wżery, pęknięcia oraz ubytki powstałe na skutek zużycia oraz korozji. Wykonane badania wykazały, że nie tylko implant osadzony w kości oddziałuje na okoliczne tkanki, ale zachodzą zmiany również w obrębie wszczepionego implantu. Bezpośrednią przyczyną obluzowania implantu była osteoliza związana z nagromadzeniem w przestrzeni pomiędzy implantem a kością elementów zużycia korozyjnego i erozyjnego. Na podstawie zebranych danych z Oddziału Chirurgii Urazowo-Ortopedycznej Szpitala Czerniakowskiego Sp. z o.o. w Warszawie wykonano ponadto analizę statystyczną przeprowadzonych endoprotezoplastyk pierwotnych i rewizyjnych oraz występujących powikłań, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obluzowań elementów endoprotez, które wymagały operacji rewizyjnych.
EN
Despite the progress that has been made in recent years in the field of hip joint endoprostheses, the problem of aseptic and septic loosening of endoprosthetic elements remains one of the unresolved issues. Therefore, the research on solutions to minimize the risk of periprosthetic inflammations and aseptic loosening of endoprostheses is still ongoing. The subject of the study was a stem of the Mittelmeier’s endoprosthesis removed due to its aseptic loosening after 16 years of implantation. The structural analysis was carried out using a light and scanning microscope and the chemical composition of the implant material was examined. The analysis of the chemical composition compared to the original composition of the stem revealed that direct contact of the implant with body fluids and living tissue affects the quantitative change of individual elements. Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous pitting, cracks and losses caused by wear and corrosion on the metal stem. The research carried out showed that not only does the implant inserted in the bone affect the surrounding tissue, but there are also changes within the implanted prosthesis. The direct cause of the implant loosening was osteolysis in the space between the implant and the bone, associated with the accumulation of elements of corrosion and erosion wear. Based on the collected results from the Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department of the Czerniakowski Hospital in Warsaw, a statistical analysis of primary and revision endoprostheses and complications was performed, with particular emphasis on the loosening of the endoprostheses elements that required revision surgeries.
EN
Amongst the materials collected from the Cambrian outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains by priest professor Włodzimierz Sedlak, there is a holotype and only specimen of Helcionella polonica, as well as a rock fragment with casts of medusoids on its surface. We decided to revise these materials for their importance to discussions on the early molluscs’ size and the medusae fossil record; as well as for the critical nature of previously published revisions of taxa erected by Sedlak.
4
Content available remote Revision of Ontologies to Accommodate Exceptions : a Typicality-based Approach
EN
The paper presents a methodology to revise a Description Logic knowledge base when exceptions are detected. The approach exploits concepts and results from techniques developed for debugging Description Logic terminologies. Debugging an inconsistent terminology amounts to identifying a minimal subset of axioms responsible for the inconsistency (i.e., an error to be removed by a knowledge engineer). Exception handling, instead, requires to revise the axioms causing an inconsistency so that a new consistent knowledge base is obtained, encompassing the detected exception about an individual x. To this aim, we make use of a nonmonotonic extension of the Description Logic ALC based on the combination of a typicality operator and the well established nonmonotonic mechanism of rational closure, which allows one to deal with prototypical properties and defeasible inheritance.
EN
All specimens assigned by Gorskiy (1932) to the genus Lophophyllum Milne Edwards and Haime, 1850 are revised, redescribed and reillustrated. The corallite identified by him as a second, specifically indeterminate species of Lophophyllum is here questionably included in Amygdalophyllum Dun and Benson, 1920. For the reminding specimens two new, unnamed genera are suggested. ”Lophophyllum” subtortuosum Gorskiy, 1932 belongs to a new, non-dissepimented genus of an unknown family. A possible relationship between gen. nov. 1, sp. nov. 1 and the new Bashkirian genus from the Donets Basin (Ukraine) is proposed.
EN
A sozological map is one of the thematic maps and presents the state of the natural environment, as well as causes and effects of both negative and positive transformations occurring in the environment under the influence of miscellaneous processes, including human activity, as well as methods applied in the protection of natural values of this environment. An official sozological map is prepared in the scale of 1:50,000 on a basemap of an available topographic map. The content of an official sozological map consists of a few groups of elements, and the works are carried out in two stages – field mapping and the subsequent editorial preparation. Field mapping is the main stage in the collection of updated thematic data. In 2009, within the scope of an environmental science camp, sozological mapping was done at the scale of 1:10,000 by the Student Scientific Association of Geographers from the Institute of Geography, NCU, and during the subsequent eight months – a digital sozological map of the Gopło Millennium Park (GMP) was prepared. The situational background for that study was a large-scale topographic map at the scale of 1:10,000 with updated situational content from the mid-1980s. GPS receivers were used during the detailed field exploration, and for the revision of situational data and selected elements of the thematic content, digital, panchromatic orthophotomaps from 2004 were used together with their field revision. The research objective was to determine the usefulness of remote-sensing materials in the revision of selected elements of the sozological map’s content together with the collection of updated situational and thematic data. Based on the remotesensing data, the situational content of the map was updated within the scope of important elements of the land cover and land development, together with their course and borders, the road network and industrial lines; certain selected elements of the degradation of the land surface, surface waters and atmospheric air were interpreted and verified. As a result of this study, a digital sozological map was created in the scale of 1:10,000, which was handed over to the GMP Management in the town of Kruszwica.
EN
The rugose coral specimens included by Schindewolf (1952) in the genera Claviphyllum Hudson, 1942, Fasciculophyllum Thomson, 1883 and Pentaphyllum (Tachylasma) Grabau, 1922 are revised on the basis of the original collection. The first two taxa are included in Antiphyllum Schindewolf, 1952, either in its original sense or in its newly introduced subgenus Antiphyllites. The new genus Effigies is introduced for Pentaphyllum (Tachylasma) silesiacumcussed. New, detailed descriptions of species are supplemented by text-figures in order to document their intraspecific variability and phylogenetic relationships.
PL
W poszczególnych państwach Wspólnoty Europejskiej obowiązują krajowe systemy oceny wyrobów budowlanych kontaktujących się z wodą przeznaczoną do spożycia przez ludzi. Systemy te różnią się między sobą, co stanowi barierę w handlu wyrobami. Od 1999 r. prowadzone były prace nad wprowadzeniem jednolitego europejskiego systemu oceny wyrobów używanych do kontaktu z wodą do picia, tzw. European Acceptance Scheme – EAS. Zasady systemu określono w mandacie M/136. Po wielu latach prac, w 2010 r. Komisja Europejska podjęła decyzję o rezygnacji z EAS i w drugiej nowelizacji mandatu M/136 rev.2 określiła nowe zasady wprowadzania wyrobów do obrotu na podstawie oznakowania CE. W artykule przedstawiono stan prac nad europejskimi normami zharmonizowanymi, które będą stanowić podstawę oceny wyrobów według jednolitych zasad, co umożliwi wprowadzanie wyrobów do obrotu w ramach systemów krajowych zgodnie z oznakowaniem CE. Omówiono warunki dostosowania krajowego systemu wprowadzania wyrobów budowlanych przeznaczonych do kontaktu z wodą do picia do nowych zasad, wynikających z M/136 rev.2.
EN
In particular countries of the European Union, the national systems for assessment of construction products in contact with water intended for human consumption are applied. These systems are different and it constitutes a barrier to trade. Since 1999, work on the introduction of uniform European system of assessment of construction products in contact with drinking water, so called European Acceptance Scheme – EAS, was conducted. The rules of system were specified in Mandate M/136. After many years of work, in 2010 European Commission has decided to resign from EAS and in second amendment to the Mandate M/136 rev.2 laid down new rules placing products on the market under the CE marking. This article presents the status of work on the European harmonized standards that will be the basis for the evaluation of products according to uniform principles, which will allow introducing products into the market within national systems under CE marking. The conditions of adapting national system of introduction into the market the construction products in contact with water, intended for human consumption to new rules, resulting from M/136 rev.2, were discussed.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono istotne informacje dotyczące nowelizacji rozporządzenia MSWiA dotyczącego świadectw dopuszczenia. Zidentyfikowano ogólnie zmiany treści rozporządzenia oraz zmiany wymagań techniczno-użytkowych. Ponieważ zmiana rozporządzenia niesie ze sobą pewne konsekwencje dla wyrobów i właścicieli świadectw dopuszczenia, autorzy omawiają te konsekwencje w dwóch płaszczyznach - od strony właściciela świadectwa dopuszczenia oraz z punktu widzenia osób wprowadzających wyroby do użytkowania w ochronie przeciwpożarowej m.in. kupujących, odbierających wyroby, obiekty budowlane. Autorzy przedstawiają sposób postępowania CNBOP w zakresie aktualizacji świadectw dopuszczenia wydanych na podstawie pierwotnego brzmienia przedmiotowego rozporządzenia, wskazując na istotne zadania po stronie CNBOP oraz właścicieli świadectw dopuszczenia.
EN
This article describes significant information concerning revision of Decree of Ministry of the Interior and Administration concerning certificates of admittance. General changes of the content of decree and modification of technical and user requirements are identified. As modification of the decree results in certain consequences for products and certificate of admittance holders, authors describe these consequences on two planes - from the certificate of admittance holders side and from the point of view of people who introduce products to use in the fire protection among others purchasers, com-missioners of products or buildings. Authors present manner of CNBOP proceeding in the scope updating of certificate of admittance issued on the basis of primary read of the decree, identifying important tasks for CNBOP and certificate of admittance holders.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zmiany wprowadzone do nowej edycji normy ISO 9001:2008. Zmiany, ilustrowane przykładami, sklasyfikowano w trzech kategoriach. Zaprezentowano zmiany w organizacji wdrożenia ISO 9001:2008, a także przykładowy sposób wprowadzenia w życie nowej edycji normy. Artykuł zawiera genezę powstania rodziny norm ISO 9000 oraz historię ich aktualizacji przebiegającej ponad 20 lat. Opisano również procedurę nowelizacji standardu i jej poszczególne etapy.
EN
The main purpose of this article is to show the changes which were introduced into a new edition of ISO 9001:2008 standards. Types of the changes were classified in 3 categories together with examples. The changes in the organization of implementation of ISO 9001:2008 were presented and the example of entering the new edition into life was demonstrated. The article contains the genesis of ISO 9000 family and history of its updating during the period of more than 20 years of existence. Additionally, there is generally described the procedure of standard amendment along with its stages and reasons for ISO 9001:2000 updating.
EN
The preliminary results of a revision of the British Cretaceous chimaeroid fishes (Holocephali, Chimaeroidei) based on a study of museum collections are presented. The taxonomic composition (2 families, 9 genera, 20 species) and stratigraphic distribution of Cretaceous chimaeroid fishes are summarized. Some taxa, including Callorhinchus, Elasmodus, and Lebediodon are recorded from British Cretaceous for the first time.
13
EN
A radiolarian zonal scheme for the entire Jurassic in Japan was proposed by Matsuoka and Yao (1986) on the basis of radiolarian biostratigraphic research on several continuous sections in the Japanese Islands. The zonal scheme was partly modified by applying the results from deep sea cores obtained in the ODP Leg 129 cruise (Matsuoka 1992). The Jurassic zones composed of the Parahsuum simplum Zone (JR1), Trillus elkhornensis Zone (JR2), Laxtorum(?) jurassicum Zone (JR3), Tricolocapsa plicarum Zone (JR4), Tricolocapsa conexa Zone (JR5), Stylocapsa(?) spiralis Zone (JR6), Hsuum maxwelli Zone (JR7), Loopus primitivus Zone (JR8), and Pseudodictyomitra carpatica Zone (KR1), in ascending order, have been established by combining the results from land sections and ODP materials (Matsuoka 1995). The zonation is widely utilized for the dating of marine sequences in Japan and Asian countries. The accumulation of new data in the last decade requires a further revision of the zonation and age assignment. The major modifications are as follows: The Bipedis horiae Zone (JR0) is newly proposed below the Parahsuum simplum Zone (JR1). The base of the Bipedis horiae Zone (JR0) is defined by the first appearance of Bipedis horiae Sugiyama and corresponds roughly to the Triassic (Rhaetian)/Jurassic (Hettangian) boundary. The base of the Parahsuum simplum Zone is dated as Middle Sinemurian. The Tricolocapsa plicarum Zone (JR4), Tricolocapsa conexa Zone (JR5), and Stylocapsa(?) spiralis Zone (JR6) are replaced by Striatojaponicapsa plicarum Zone (JR4), Striatojaponicapsa conexa Zone (JR5), and Kilinora spiralis Zone (JR6), respectively, in accordance to the change of generic assignment of zone-diagnostic species. The base of the Pseudodictyomitra carpatica Zone (KR1) is dated as Early Tithonian based on the occurrence of the zone-diagnostic species from the Lower Tithonian of the Solnhofen area, Germany (Zügel 1995).
14
Content available remote Making Revision Reversible: an Approach Based on Polynomials
EN
This paper deals with iterated belief change and proposes a drastic revision rule that modifies a plausibility ordering of interpretations in such a way that any world where the input observation holds is more plausible that any world where it does not. This change rule makes sense in a dynamic context where observations are received, and the newer observations are considered more plausible than older ones. It is shown how to encode an epistemic state using polynomials equipped with the lexicographic ordering. This encoding makes it very easy to implement and iterate the revision rule using simple operations on these polynomials. Moreover, polynomials allow to keep track of the sequence of observations. Lastly, it is shown how to efficiently compute the revision rule at the syntactical level, when the epistemic state is concisely represented by a prioritized belief base. Our revision rule is the most drastic one can think of, in accordance with Darwiche and Pearl's principles, and thus contrasts with the minimal change rule called natural belief revision. The paper also shows how to obtain the reversibility of Boutilier's natural belief revision and possibilistic revision using polynomials.
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