In this article, it is described how the reconfigurable inter-operational buffers system built on the Digital Twin platform. Interoperating production buffers are now widely used in production. Their effect on the production system can be seen in decreasing downtime. From a cost-based point of view, the interoperating production buffers may generate a gain from the reduction in the volume of work-in-process, with which we increase production performance. This ratio depends on the average number of products that the buffers contain. The average number of pieces in the buffer is limited by the capacity of the buffer. The impact of turbulence in production is seen precisely on the average content of inter-operational production buffers. If we want to maintain work-in-process on optimal values, it is necessary to calculate and maintain the optimal capacity of each interoperating production buffer on the line. In the context of Smart Factory, it is currently possible that the current capacity of the interoperating production buffers is maintained according to the current state of production. In the subject system, real production facilities communicate with each other through the IoT as autonomous agents, which are decided on the basis of a formula to calculate the optimal capacity of the buffers, the prediction of faults and negotiation, thus actively maintaining the optimal capacity of intermediate operating production buffers for Smart Factory support.
Today’s manufacturing environment is highly uncertain, and it is continuously changing. It is characterized by shorter life cycles of products and technologies, shorter delivery times, an increased level of customization at the price of a standard product, increased product variety, quality as well as demand variability and intense global competition. Academicians, as well as practitioners, agree that uncertainty will continue to grow in the twenty-first century. To deal with the uncertainties in demand variation and production capacity a manufacturing system is required which can be easily reconfigured when there is a need at low cost. A reconfigurable manufacturing system is such a type of system. In the present work, the concept of the reconfigurable manufacturing system has been discussed and reviewed. It has been compared with dedicated systems and flexible manufacturing systems. Part family formation and barriers of reconfiguration also have been discussed. This work is an attempt to contribute to the conceptual systematization of the reconfigurable manufacturing system and reconfigurability by synthesizing the vast literature available after a systematic review.
In this paper an effective iterative method is presented for the power synthesis of reconfigurable antenna arrays. The algorithm is suitable for arrays of arbitrary geometry, including the case where a large number of elements is involved. The reconfigurability is achieved by phase-only control, so that the excitation amplitude of each array element remains constant during the reconfiguration process. Such amplitudes may be different from one array element to the others, and they are not assigned a priori, but are optimized. Furthermore, the electric field is imposed to vanish in a number of prescribed points of the near-field region, so that a strong field reduction is obtained in a neighborhood of them.
At the Opole University of Technology the concept was developed and a prototype was built of a reconfigurable vehicle, which is called Chameleon. It is the result of a project, which goal is to design and construct a small-dimension vehicle with low weight (up to 50 kg), which design would facilitate implementation of selected transport tasks, and its design allow for change or replacement of selected components, leading to changes in driveability, traction and durability. It was expected to construct a vehicle by means of which ideas and design solutions can be tested that is dedicated for the greatest variety of small-size vehicles. The Chameleon vehicle has been tested both while driving on a levelled surface and off-road (on uneven grassy surface). Both, the electric and pneumatic drives were tested. Also, the interaction of these two engines in the hybrid powertrain was investigated.
PL
W Politechnice Opolskiej opracowano koncepcję i zbudowano prototyp pojazdu rekonfigurowalnego o nazwie Kameleon. Jest to efekt projektu mającego na celu zaprojektowanie i wykonanie małogabarytowego pojazdu o małej masie (do 50 kg), którego konstrukcja umożliwiałaby realizację wybranych zadań transportowych, a konstrukcja pozwalała na szybką zmianę lub wymianę elementów składowych prowadząca do zmiany właściwości jezdnych, trakcyjnych i wytrzymałościowych. Spodziewano się wytworzyć pojazd za pomocą którego mogą być testowane pomysły i rozwiązania konstrukcyjne dla jak największej gamy małogabarytowych pojazdów. Pojazd Kameleon został przetestowany zarówno podczas jazdy po równej nawierzchni oraz podczas jazdy w terenie (nierówna nawierzchnia trawiasta). Testowano zarówno napęd elektryczny jak i napęd pneumatyczny oraz współdziałanie tych dwóch jednostek napędowych w układzie napędowym hybrydowym.
Manufacturing companies in the 21st century will face unpredictable, high-frequency market changes, driven by global competition. The article presents a new concept of manufacturing systems – which address these challenges - known as Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS). The concept began in 1999 at University of Michigan and is widely developed in many scientific publications. The paper first analyses main features of RSP. The next sections are devoted to analyze basic assumptions of RMS design and technical measures of RMS. Finally, the answer for the question if the RMS has the perspective of wide industrial implementations is discussed.
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In this paper the integration of reliability evaluation in reconfigurability analysis of a fault-tolerant control system is considered. The aim of this work is to contribute to reliable fault-tolerant control design. The admissibility of control reconfigurability is analyzed with respect to reliability requirements. This analysis shows the relationship between reliability and control reconfigurability defined generally through Gramian controllability. An admissible solution for reconfigurability is proposed according to reliability evaluation based on energy consumption under degraded functional conditions. The proposed study is illustrated with a flight control application.
The availability of dynamic resource management will be crucial for the deployment of future wireless systems characterized by high data rate services with rigid quality of service demands. Flexible radios appear as the technological answer required to achieve constraint goals under different channel conditions and transmission scenarios. This paper is focused on enhancing another step of flexibility within the resource management by including an efficient handling of computing resources. This concept towards flexible architectures represents a key word for a real successful implementation due to the relationship between the radio applications, which face the scarcity of resources within a heterogeneous environment, and the processing power needed to execute them.
W artykule zawarto początkowe wyniki projektu rozpoczętego na Politechnice Szczecińskiej i dotyczącego nowatorskiej metody realizacji systemu wizualnej inspekcji maszynowej płytek PCB. Nowością, której dotyczą badania, jest wykorzystanie elastycznych, dynamicznych algorytmów widzenia maszynowego, umożliwiających uwzględnienie w nich specyfiki rozpatrywanej aplikacji. Ze względu na dynamiczność algorytmów nie jest możliwe zaproponowanie w pełni strukturalnego rozwiązania, możliwego do realizacji w układach FPGA. Konieczne jest uwzględnienie procesu kosyntezy sprzętowo-programowej. Specyfika użytego procesu kosyntezy polega na tym, że oprogramowanie i sprzęt przeplatają się tutaj wzajemnie, nie tworząc konwencjonalnej struktury procesora i koprocesora ani nie wpisują się w znane architektury ISA współczesnych procesorów. Propozycja jednego takiego procesora, dedykowanego dla określonej klasy algorytmów widzenia maszynowego przedstawiona została w tym artykule.
EN
This article describes initial results of the project started on Technical University of Szczecin and concerning novel method to implement visual inspection system for PCB. The novel part being under analysis is the usage of flexible, dynamic algorithms for machine vision, which allow to introduce specific parts of the considered application directly into the algorithm structure. However dynamic algorithms are impossible to implement in purely structural way on FPGA devices. It is necessary to incorporate hardware/software codesign process into design methodology. The specific part of codesign methodology in this application is, that no conventional processor/co-processor or ISA architecture could be used. The proposal of one of those processors, dedicated for particular class of machine vision algorithms has been presented in this paper.
Przedstawiono nowe możliwości, jakie w projektowaniu sprzętu dają reprogramowalne i rekonfigurowalne struktury FPD. Omówiono znaczenie projektów wirtualnych oraz rekonfigurowalnych modułów do obliczeń komputerowych oraz rynek własności intelektualnej i jego ofertę dla potrzeb telekomunikacji cyfrowej (np. filtry cyfrowe, układy FFT itp.). Zaprezentowano najnowsze narzędzia syntezy logicznej dostępne w uniwersyteckich pakietach oprogramowania. W zakończeniu dokonano krytycznej analizy programów nauczania techniki cyfrowej w Polsce.
EN
Field Programmable Devices (FPD) are on the verge of revolutionizing digital designing in the manner that ASICs did nearly three decades ago. The paper presents IP core market which offers very high performance virtual components, particularly for digital telecommunication applications, e. g. digital filters, Fast Fourier transform Cores etc. Afterwards, modern logic synthesis algorithms, offered by university packages and their application in FPGA-based synthesis is demonstrated. Finally, the paper presents a critical review of logic and digital design methods actually represented in educational curricula programs in Poland.
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