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Emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from two vehicles with turbocharged spark ignition engines over cold start driving cycles

Woodburn Joseph

Combustion Engines

2021

R. 60, nr 2

3--9

This paper reviews the emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from modern vehicles fitted with spark ignition engines and three-way catalysts. Specific aspects of the pollutants involved - and their formation - are discussed. Cold start driving cycles are scenarios under which emissions of all four RNCs can be significant; the mechanisms behind emissions trends are explored. Experimental data obtained from two vehicles tested over two different cold start driving cycles are presented and analysed. The use of gravimetric and molar metrics are explored. Ammonia, a species which is currently not regulated for passenger cars in any automotive market, is identified as forming the majority of the RNC emissions over the entire driving cycle. While ammonia emissions are strongly linked to aftertreatment system warmup and periods of high load, significant ammonia emissions were also measured under certain hot-running, low load conditions, and even at idle. For the majority of the duration of the test procedures employed, the RNC profile was dominated by ammonia, which accounted for between 69% and 86% of measured RNCs in the exhaust gas. Emissions are compared to the available legislative precedents (i.e. emissions limits currently in force in various jurisdictions). Finally, possibilities for control of exhaust emissions of currently unregulated RNCs are briefly discussed.

An overview of emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds from modern light duty vehicles featuring SI engines

Bielaczyc P, Szczotka A., Woodburn J.

Combustion Engines

2014

R. 53, nr 4

48--53

This paper examines emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds in the exhaust gas flux of vehicles featuring spark ignition (SI) engines. A range of technical, legal and environmental aspects are considered. A discussion of the fundamentals of the phenomenon of emission of these compounds is presented, together with a brief summary of the negative environmental impacts of these gases. Selected data obtained during chassis dynamometer testing at BOSMAL are presented, together with certain important observations presented in the technical literature. The reader is directed to recent publications of note for further information on emissions to the less well known reactive nitrogen compounds, namely NH3 and N2O. The orders of magnitude of the various reactive nitrogen compounds found in the exhaust gas emitted from SI engines are briefly considered and commented upon. Data are presented on the impact of different fuel types used in SI engines and the reader is directed to various publications on that subject. Finally, important research directions (both current and future) are identified.

W artykule zawarto analizę problematyki emisji reaktywnych związków azotu w spalinach silników samochodowych o zapłonie iskrowym (ZI). Omówiono przyczyny powstawania tych związków w spalinach silnikowych, ich emisję oraz negatywny wpływ na środowisko. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań emisji reaktywnych związków azotu w odniesieniu do pojazdów zasilanych paliwami konwencjonalnymi i alternatywnymi, uzyskane w testach emisji na hamowni podwoziowej. Prezentowane wyniki porównano do wyników z tego zakresu opisanych w literaturze. Przedstawiono obecne i przyszłe kierunki badań emisji związków azotu w spalinach silnikowych.