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  1. 8 Przemysł Chemiczny
  2. 6 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
  3. 4 Chemical Engineering and Equipment
  4. 4 Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
  5. 4 Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Akademia Techniczno-Rolnicza w Bydgoszczy
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  1. 3 Pavlenko Anatoliy
  2. 2 Boroń Dominika
  3. 2 Cholewa M.
  4. 2 Cieszko M.
  5. 2 Depczyński W.
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  1. 1 2024
  2. 1 2023
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1
Content available Kowalencyjne szkielety organiczne : otrzymywanie, właściwości, zastosowanie
Makowski Damian, Bajorowicz Beata
Wiadomości Chemiczne
|
2024
|
[Z] 78, 3-4
219--241
EN
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel and unique crystalline porous organic polymers formed by the reversible condensation of building units containing light elements and linked by strong covalent bonds. Covalent organic frameworks consist of linkers (building units) and chemical bonds formed between two building units. By carefully selecting the appropriate linkers and bonds, it is possible to create covalent organic frameworks with distinct features. This work provides a concise overview of covalent organic frameworks, including their structural, surface, optical, and electronic properties. The preparation strategies most commonly employed for COFs are also presented, along with relevant examples. The potential applications of covalent frameworks in various fields such as: photocatalysis, medicine, gas separation and storage, photovoltaics and sensors are also discussed, highlighting the need for further development of this important class of materials.
2
Content available Potential of Indirect Regenerative Evaporative Cooling System (M-Cycle) for Electronic Applications
Olbrycht Robert, Kałuża Marcin, Felczak Mariusz, Levchenko Dmytro, Więcek Bogusław
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
|
2023
|
R. 27, nr 3
19--25
EN
The article presents a simple prototype system based on the concept of indirect regenerative evaporative cooling (IREC) thermodynamic cycle for electronics applications. The key problem of selecting porous capillary material is discussed and preliminary experimental results are presented using IR thermography. The presented research is an initial step towards the development of a laboratory-validated, fully operational IREC system for high-power electronics.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono prototypowy układ chłodzenia oparty na koncepcji cyklu termodynamicznego pośredniego regeneracyjnego chłodzenia wyparnego (IREC) do zastosowań w elektronice. Omówiono kluczowy problem doboru porowatego materiału kapilarnego i przedstawiono wstępne wyniki eksperymentów z wykorzystaniem termografii w podczerwieni. Przedstawione badania stanowią wstępny krok w kierunku opracowania zweryfikowanego laboratoryjnie, w pełni funkcjonalnego systemu IREC do odprowadzania ciepła w systemach elektronicznych dużej mocy.
3
Content available Multiobjective optimiaztion of microstructure parameters in a thermoelastic porous material by means of differential evolution and elements of game theory
Długosz Adam, Schlieter Tomasz
Computer Methods in Materials Science
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, No. 3
117--124
EN
The paper is devoted to the optimization of the microstructure parameters of a porous medium under thermo-mechanical loading. Four different criteria related to the properties of the porous material have been proposed and numerically implemented. To solve a multiobjective problem, a novel method based on the coupling of differential evolution and elements of game theory is used. The proposed algorithm features an appropriate balance between exploration and exploitation of objective space, which is necessary for the successful optimization of these types of tasks with the use of numerical simulations. The model of the thermo-elastic porous material is composed of two-scale direct analysis based on a numerical homogenization. Direct thermoelastic analysis with representative volume element (RVE) and finite element method (FEM) is performed. Numerical example of the optimization illustrating the usefulness of the proposed method is included.
4
Content available Free vibration analysis of sandwich beam with porous FGM core in thermal environment using mesh-free approach
Hung Tran Quang, Tu Tran Minh, Duc Do Minh
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
LXIX, nr 3
471--496
EN
Thermally induced free vibration of sandwich beams with porous functionally graded material core embedded between two isotropic face sheets is investigated in this paper. The core, in which the porosity phase is evenly or unevenly distributed,has mechanical properties varying continuously along with the thickness according to the power-law distribution. Effects of shear deformation on the vibration behavior are taken into account based on both third-order and quasi-3D beam theories. Three typical temperature distributions, which are uniform, linear, and nonlinear temperature rises, are supposed. A mesh-free approach based on point interpolation technique and polynomial basis is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. Examples for specific cases are given, and their results are compared with predictions available in the literature to validate the approach. Comprehensive studies are carried out to examine the effects of the beam theories, porosity distributions, porosity volume fraction, temperature rises, temperature change, span-to-height ratio, different boundary conditions, layer thickness ratio, volume fraction index on the vibration characteristics of the beam.
5
Content available The characterization of scaffolds based on dialdehyde chitosan/ hyaluronic acid
Grabska-Zielińska Sylwia, Sosik Adrianna, Małkowska Anna, Olewnik-Kruszkowska Ewa, Stein-Brink Kerstin, Kleszczyński Konrad, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata
Engineering of Biomaterials
|
2021
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Vol. 24, no. 163
76
6
Content available Effective removal of odors from air with polymer nonwoven structures doped by porous materials to use in respiratory protective devices
Brochocka Agnieszka, Nowak Aleksandra, Panek Rafał, Kozikowski Paweł, Franus Wojciech
Archives of Environmental Protection
|
2021
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Vol. 47, no. 2
3--19
EN
Filtering Respiratory Protective Devices (FRPD) is not typically evaluated for exposure to volatile compounds, even though they significantly affect their protective performance. Such compounds are released into the atmosphere by industrial processes and pose serious health risks in people inhaling them. The adsorbent materials currently used to prevent those risks include activated carbon (AC). Zeolites and mesoporous silica materials (MCM) are very popular among the sorption materials. Due to their physical and chemical properties, they are able to adsorb significant amounts of volatile compounds from air. The melt-blown technology was used to produce filtering nonwovens with modifiers. As a result, polymer nonwoven structures with modifiers in the form of AC, zeolite (NaP1 type), molecular sieves (SM, SM 4Å) and mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41) were produced. The use of ACs (AC1 from Zgoda and AC2 from Pleisch) and their mixtures with others modifiers allowed to obtain satisfactory sorption, protective and utility properties. The longest breakthrough time against cyclohexane (approx. 53 min) was afforded by a variant containing AC, against ammonia (approx. 12 min) for the variant with AC2 and a mixture of AC2 and MCM-41. In the case of acetone vapor satisfactory breakthrough times were found for the variants with AC2 and AC1+SM (~20–25 min.). The present work deals with scientific research to improve workers’ and society’s health and safety by pursuing a better working life, and creating a safe social environment.
7
Content available remote Free vibration and buckling analyses of FG porous sandwich curved microbeams in thermal environment under magnetic field based on modified couple stress theory
Arshid Ehsan, Arshid Hossein, Amir Saeed, Mousavi S. Behnam
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 21, no. 1
89--111
EN
Porous sandwich structures include different numbers of layers and are capable of demonstrating higher values of strength to weight ratio in comparison with traditional sandwich structures. Free vibration and mechanical buckling responses of a three-layered curved microbeam was investigated under the Lorentz magnetic load in the current study. A viscoelastic substrate was considered and the effect of the thermal environment on its mechanical properties was assessed. The core was composed of the functionally graded porous materials whose properties changed across the thickness based on some given functions. The face sheets were FG-carbon nanotube-reinforced composites and the influence of the placement of CNTs was evaluated on the behavior of the faces. Using the extended rule of mixture, their effective properties were determined. Modified couple stress theory was used to predict the results in the micro-dimension. While the governing equations were derived based on the higher order shear deformation theory and energy method, and mathematically solved via Navier’s method. The results were validated with the previously published works, considering the effects of various parameters. As comprehensively explained in the results section, natural frequencies and critical buckling loads were reduced by enhancing the central opening angle. Moreover, an increase in the porosity coefficient declined the mentioned values, but increasing the CNTs content showed the opposite effect. The outcomes of this study may help in the design and manufacturing of various equipment using such smart structures, making high stiffness to weight ratios more accessible.
8
Content available Identification of Physical Parameters of a Porous Material Located in a Duct by Inverse Methods
Kani Marwa, Makni Amine, Taktak Mohamed, Chaabane Mabrouk, Haddar Mohamed
Archives of Acoustics
|
2021
|
Vol. 46, No. 4
657--665
EN
Lined ducts with porous materials are found in many industrial applications. To understand and simulate the acoustic behaviour of these kinds of materials, their intrinsic physical parameters must be identified. Recent studies have shown the reliability of the inverse approach for the determination of these parameters. Therefore, in the present paper, two inverse techniques are proposed: the first is the multilevel identification method based on the simplex optimisation algorithm and the second one is based on the genetic algorithm. These methods are used of the physical parameters of a simulated case of a porous material located in a duct by the computation of its acoustic transfer, scattering, and power attenuation. The results obtained by these methods are compared and discussed to choose the more efficient one.
9
Content available remote Zeolity jako nośniki leków
Musielak Ewelina, Feliczak-Guzik Agnieszka, Nowak Izabela
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2020
|
T. 99, nr 6
949--952
PL
Przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej zastosowania zeolitów, krzemionkowych materiałów porowatych o uporządkowanej strukturze, w terapii chorób nowotworowych i bakteryjnych, chorobie Alzheimera oraz jako adiuwantów leków przeciwnowotworowych i środków kontrastowych w obrazowaniu metodą rezonansu magnetycznego.
EN
A review, with 60 refs., of structure and phys.-chem. properties of zeolites used in pharmacotherapy. The use of ordered porous silica materials in therapies for cancer and bacterial origin, in Alzheimer’s disease and as cancer adjuvants and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was discussed.
10
Content available remote Zastosowanie modelu gazu zapylonego do wyznaczania parametrów strukturalnych materiałów porowatych
Tabiś Bolesław, Boroń Dominika
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2020
|
T. 99, nr 6
888--891
PL
Przedstawiono metodę jednoczesnego wyznaczania współczynników dyfuzji Knudsena i efektywnego współczynnika dyfuzji cząsteczkowej gazów w porowatych ciałach stałych. Omówiono sposób wyznaczania parametrów strukturalnych materiałów makroporowatych. Zastosowano do tego celu model gazu zapylonego. Przedstawiono algorytm postępowania, od wskazówek dotyczących sposobu uzyskania danych doświadczalnych, aż do ich interpretacji. Zagadnienie to zilustrowano na przykładzie dwuskładnikowego roztworu gazowego azot-metan, ale zaproponowana metoda ma znaczenie ogólne.
EN
A quant. description of the diffusive mass movement in porous materials with pores diam. above 100 nm was provided. The method for detg. construction parameters characterizing such materials was discussed. The method of simultaneous detn. of effective mol. diffusion coeffs. and Knudsen diffusion coeffs. was developed. The N2-CH4 binary gaseous mixt. was tested using the method.
11
Content available remote Izobaryczna metoda stacjonarna wyznaczania współczynników dyfuzji w materiałach porowatych
Boroń Dominika
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2020
|
T. 99, nr 5
785--788
PL
Przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne i algorytm postępowania służący do doświadczalnego wyznaczania współczynników dyfuzji w makroporowatych ciałach stałych. Uwzględniono jednoczesną dyfuzję molekularną i dyfuzję Knudsena. Zaproponowano i przetestowano metodę estymacji skorelowanych współczynników dyfuzji. Ten sposób można zastosować do pomiarów prowadzonych w warunkach ustalonych pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym, z użyciem dwuskładnikowych roztworów gazowych o zróżnicowanym składzie. Zilustrowano go na przykładach dwóch układów dyfuzyjnych różniących się stosunkiem mas cząsteczkowych składników: {H₂, N₂} oraz {CO₂, H₂}.
EN
Fundamentals and an algorithm for exptl. detn. of diffusion coeffs. in macroporous solids under steady state conditions and const. pressure were presented. Two binary gaseous mixts. of in mol. mass-differing compds. (H₂+N₂ and CO₂+H₂) were taken into consideration as examples.
12
Content available remote Thermophysical properties of porous materials
Koshlak Hanna, Pavlenko Anatoliy
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
|
2020
|
Vol. 4, nr 4
174--180
EN
The study of the porosity of thermal insulation made of refractory materials is an important task for the power industry, since the thermal conductivity of porous materials depends on the shape and especially the location of the pores. An analytical review of existing technologies shows that research in this area is not enough to simulate the process of heat and mass transfer in porous alumina material. Experimental determination of the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in porous materials during the formation of a porous structure is a pressing scientific problem. This article analyzes the influence of the composition of materials on the formation of pores, as well as the effect of various impurities and temperature on the thermal conductivity of the material.
13
Content available remote On size-dependent large-amplitude free oscillations of FGPM nanoshells incorporating vibrational mode interactions
Yi Hongwei, Sahmani Saeid, Safaei Babak
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2020
|
Vol. 20, no. 2
257--279
EN
At nanoscale, surface free energies of the atoms located on the free surfaces of structures significantly affect their mechanical characteristics. In this study, nonlinear large-amplitude free vibration response of nanoshells prepared from functionally graded porous materials (FGPM) is investigated by taking into account surface stress size effects and vibrational mode interactions. Non-classical shell model is constructed on the basis of the Gurtin–Murdoch type of the surface theory of elasticity having the capability of capturing surface stress size dependency. The accuracy of nonlinear vibration analysis is improved by incorporating the interaction of the main vibration mode and the first, third and fifth symmetric oscillation modes. Moreover, the closed-cell Gaussian-Random field scheme is put to use to extract the mechanical characteristics of FGPM nanoshell. Multiple timescales technique is then applied to achieve surface stress elastic-based nonlinear frequency of FGPM nanoshell analytically for different interactions between vibrational modes. It is revealed that by incorporating the interactions of the main vibration mode and higher symmetric oscillation modes, the behavior of the backbone curves belongs to the nonlinear free oscillation response of FGPM nanoshells changes from hardening to softening schema. It is found that when only the main vibration mode is taken into account, surface elasticity effects makes an enhancement in the significance of the hardening schema. However, by considering the interactions of higher symmetric oscillation modes, surface elasticity effects makes a reduction in the significance of the softening schema.
14
Content available remote Cement paste microporosity analysis: a comparison of different experimental techniques
Bednarska Dalia, Koniorczyk Marcin
Technical Transactions
|
2019
|
Vol. 116, iss. 9
71--80
EN
Microstructure defines almost all material physical properties of a substance. Thus, its proper identification is essential for the assessment of material durability. Porous materials constitute the vast majority of those applied in civil engineering. The most important parameters describing a porous structure are the specific surface area, the shape and volume of pores and the pore size distribution. There are several methods which provide such results; however, each of them has some drawbacks. The main purpose of this paper is to compare results obtained by means of various methods commonly applied to the investigation of microstructure. These methods are mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low temperature sorption of nitrogen and thermoporometry (TPM). The experimental research is conducted on aluminium oxide, which is characterised by unimodal pore size distribution and hardened cement paste prepared using portland cement (CEM I 42.5R with water-cement ratio equal to 0.5. The results obtained by the above-mentioned methods are thoroughly described and compared in this paper. Each of the presented approaches has some limitations; therefore, in order to receive a reliable description of porous microstructure, one has to apply at least two different experimental methods.
PL
Wśród materiałów budowlanych przeważającą większość stanowią materiały porowate. Dokładna znajomość mikrostruktury jest kluczowa w ocenie ich wytrzymałości i trwałości. Istnieje wiele metod eksperymentalnych służących do analizy struktur porowatych. W niniejszym opracowaniu porównane zostały następujące techniki: porozymetria rtęciowa (MIP), niskotemperaturowa adsorpcja azotu oraz termoporometria (TPM). Badaniom eksperymentalnym poddano dwa materiały. Pierwszy z nich, tlenek glinu, jest materiałem referencyjnym o unimodalnym rozkładzie porów. Zgodnie z deklaracją producenta dominująca średnica porów wynosi 7.3 nm. Drugim zastosowanym materiałem jest zaczyn cementowy przygotowany na bazie cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 42,5R. Stwardniały zaczyn charakteryzuje się skomplikowanym rozkładem porów. Opisane techniki analizy mikrostruktury są komplementarne. Aby uzyskać wiarygodny opis struktury wewnętrznej materiałów o skomplikowanym rozkładzie porów należy zastosować co najmniej dwie metody badawcze.
15
Content available Method of Formation of Thermophysical Properties of Porous Materials
Koshlak Hanna, Pavlenko Anatoliy
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
|
2019
|
Tom 21, cz. 2
1253--1262
EN
The study of the porosity of thermal insulation made of refractory materials is an important task for the power industry, since the thermal conductivity of porous materials depends on the shape and especially the location of the pores. An analytical review of existing technologies shows that research in this area is not enough to simulate the process of heat and mass transfer in porous alumina material. Experimental determination of the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in porous materials during the formation of a porous structure is a pressing scientific problem. This article analyzes the influence of the composition of materials on the formation of pores, as well as the effect of various impurities and temperature on the thermal conductivity of the material.
PL
Porowatość izolacji termicznej wykonanej z materiałów ogniotrwałych jest ważnym zadaniem dla energetyki, ponieważ przewodność cieplna materiałów porowatych zależy od kształtu, a zwłaszcza od lokalizacji porów. Analiza analityczna istniejących technologii pokazuje, że badania w tej dziedzinie nie są wystarczające do symulacji procesu przenoszenia ciepła i masy w porowatym materiale z tlenku glinu. Eksperymentalne określenie charakterystyki transferu ciepła i masy w materiałach porowatych podczas tworzenia struktury porowatej jest palącym problemem naukowym. W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ składu materiałów na powstawanie porów, a także wpływ różnych zanieczyszczeń i temperatury na przewodność cieplną materiału.
16
Content available remote Porowate materiały poliuretanowe do zastosowań w diagnostyce medycznej
Swinarew Andrzej S., Muskus Maciej, Gabor Jadwiga, Paluch Jarosław, Popczyk Magdalena, Swinarew Beata, Stanula Arkadiusz, Kubik Klaudia K., Okła Hubert, Liszka Barbara
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2019
|
T. 98, nr 2
251--256
PL
Opracowano proces wytwarzania pianek węglowych (synteza, karbonizacja), a także dokonano ich szerokiej charakterystyki, wykorzystując mikroskopię świetlną, skaningową mikroskopię elektronową SEM, mikrotomografię komputerową μCT, spektroskopię w podczerwieni FT-IR i chromatografię gazową sprzężoną z detektorem mas GC-MS. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań umożliwiły wyselekcjonowanie pianek o najlepszych właściwościach sorpcyjnych, które mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w diagnostycznych badaniach fazy oddechowej.
EN
Polyurethane (PUR) foams were synthetized from polyols and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate polymers at mass ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 without any catalyst or in its presence. The porous structure of the PUR foams was detd. by using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution 3D computed tomog. The PUR foams showed a good sorbability and could be used in the human diagnostic (respiratory phase).
17
Content available Porous volumetric structures obtained by additive manufacturing technologies
Kaszyca Kamil, Danilczuk Wojciech, Zybała Rafał
Materiały Elektroniczne
|
2019
|
T. 47, nr 1-4
15--21
EN
The goal of our work was to develop bulk structures characterized by a variable, controlled porosity, using additive manufacturing techniques (3D printing). A technology for the fabrication of bulk materials with controllable porosity has been developed. For that purpose, the samples with constant porosity were designed and then prepared, which allowed us to learn the possible limit values. Thus, we were able to optimize the design process at the stage of the preparation of the gradient structures.
PL
Niniejsza praca przedstawia proces opracowanie struktur przestrzennych charakteryzujących się zmienną, sterowaną porowatością, z wykorzystaniem technik wytwarzania przyrostowego (druku 3D). W ramach pracy opracowana została technologia wytwarzania materiałów o sterowanej porowatości. W tym celu zaprojektowane i wykonane zostały próbki o stałej porowatości. Pozwoliło to na poznanie możliwych do uzyskania wartości granicznych, co w konsekwencji skutkowało możliwością optymalizacji procesu projektowania na etapie tworzenia struktur gradientowych.
18
Content available remote Mikrokomórkowe preceramiczne materiały polisiloksanowe otrzymywane w emulsjach o wysokiej zawartości fazy wewnętrznej (HIPE)
Mrówka Jan, Partyka Janusz, Hasik Magdalena
Materiały Ceramiczne
|
2019
|
T. 71, nr 2
170--178
PL
W pracy otrzymano materiały mikrokomórkowe na drodze sieciowania poli(metylowinylosiloksanu) (polimer V3) za pomocą 1,3,5,7-tetrametylocyklotetrasilo-ksanu (D4H) w emulsjach o wysokiej zawartości fazy wewnętrznej (HIPE). Zmieniając stosunek molowy polimeru V3 do D4H w reakcjach uzyskano układy charakteryzujące się różnymi gęstościami usieciowania oraz różnymi zawartościami reaktywnych grup funkcyjnych (Si-H, Si-winyl). Wykazano, że piroliza takich układów przeprowadzona w temperaturze 1000 °C w atmosferze obojętnej (argon) prowadzi do otrzymana kompozytów oksywęglik krzemu - węgiel i przebiega z zachowaniem porowatej mikrostruktury prekursora polimerowego. Ilość wolnego węgla w powstających materiałach ceramicznych związana jest z gęstością usieciowania polimeru V3. Przekształcenie prekursorów w materiały ceramiczne zachodzi z wysoką wydajnością, wynoszącą 74,1% - 79,8%.
EN
In the work, microcellular materials were obtained by cross-linking of poly(methylvinylsiloxane) (V3 polymer) with 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H) in emulsions of high internal phase content (HIPE). Systems differing in cross-linking density and reactive group (Si-H, Si-vinyl) contents were prepared by changing V3 polymer: D4H molar ratio in the reactions. It was shown that pyrolysis of such materials conducted at the temperature of 1000 °C in the inert atmosphere (gaseous argon) results in silicon oxycarbide - carbon composites. After pyrolysis, porous microstructure of the precursor is preserved. The amount of free carbon phase in the resulting ceramic material depends on the V3 polymer cross-linking density. Precursors studied in the work give high ceramic yields, ranging from 74.1% to 79.8%.
19
Content available remote Thermal conductivity calculation method: porous structures
Pavlenko Anatoliy, Cheilytko Andrii O., Ilin Sergii, Belokon Yevgen
Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science
|
2019
|
Vol. 3, nr 4
194--205
EN
The article describes the transfer of thermal energy through porous bodies with closed and open porosity. The semi-empirical equation for finding the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of bodies with a porous structure is derived. The equation of finding the thermal permeability of the porous material and the geometric characteristics of the porous structure are presented.
20
Content available remote Trends of joining composite AlSi-SiC foams
Nowacki J., Sajek Adam
Advances in Materials Science
|
2019
|
Vol. 19, nr 1(59)
70--82
EN
The paper consist of characterization of the essence of structure, properties and application of AlSi-SiC composite foams as well as limitations and possibilities of their joining. Porous structure with porosity up to 80% and exceptional properties of aluminium foams are the reason of their numerous application and interest of their joining. Consideration of methods of welding, soldering and gluing AlSi9-SiC10 composite foams, the joint structure, and properties. Recommendations for surface preparation of foam, and different joining procedures aimed at control the porosity of the foam and glued surface roughness were established. Result of EDS and XRD investigations of the AlSi9-SiC10 composite foams joint were considered.
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