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1

Utilizing satellite and UAV data for crop yield prediction and monitoring through deep learning

Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar, Jayagopal Prabhu

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2991--3004

EN

Agriculture is sighted more use cases of drones, and with the expanding population, food yields are becoming more well organized. Drones are used in examining crops and exploiting data to determine what requires greater attention. This research study focuses on how deep learning (DL) has been used with drone technology to create solutions for detecting crop fields within a certain regions of interest (ROI). Extracting images from a drone and analysing them with a DL system to identify crop fields and yields for less-developed nations are solution to a prevalent challenge that land use–land cover (LULC) encounters. The limitations of drone spot-checking in the context of agricultural fields and the constraints of utilizing DL to detect yields. Also, a novel method is offered for detecting and tracking crop fields using a single camera on our UAV. The estimated background movements using a perspective transformation model given a sequence of video frames and then locate distinct locations in the background removed picture to detect moving objects. The optical flow matching is used to determine the spatiotemporal features of each moving item and then categorize our targets, which have considerably different motions than the backdrop. Kalman filter tracking has used to ensure that our detections are consistent across time. The hybrid crop field detection model is to evaluate on real uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) recordings. And the findings suggest that hybrid crop field detection successfully detects and tracks crop fields through tiny UAV’s with low computational resources. A crop field module, which aids in reconstruction quality evaluation by cropping specific ROIs from the whole field, and a reversing module, which projects ROIs-Vellore to relative raw pictures, are included in the proposed method. The results exhibit faster identification of cropping and reversing modules, impacting ROI height selection and reverse extraction of ROI location from raw pictures.

2

Zasady doboru maszyn w technologiach usuwania kamieni z pól uprawnych

Kamiński J. R., Szeptycki A., Weremkowicz A.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2017

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R. 25, nr 4

29--43

PL

Około 10-15% gleb w kraju uznaje się za zakamienione w takim stopniu, że uzasadnione jest mechaniczne usuwanie kamieni. W pracy dokonano klasyfikacji obecnych na rynku maszyn do usuwania kamieni. Na tej podstawie sformułowano wymagania agrotechniczne dla 4 grup maszyn oraz zaproponowano wielowariantowy schemat technologii odkamieniania. Działania usprawniające zabiegi zbierania kamieni i skracające czas ich wykonania umożliwią ograniczenie energochłonności i obniżenie kosztów jednostkowych. Dobór odpowiednio zestawionych agregatów ciągnikowych i zastosowanie maszyn odpowiednich do warunków zakamienienia, organizacja ich pracy, a także wybór optymalnego terminu odkamieniania są kluczowe dla powodzenia tej operacji.

EN

About 10-15% of cultivated soils in Poland is considered to contain so much tones that the mechanical stone removal is technically and economically feasible. Classification of destoning machines present on polish market is presented. This characteristics were the basis to formulate lists of agrotechnical requirements for 4 groups of different machines. Developed is also a multivariant outlay of the technology of stone removing. All actions to improve the efforts of stone removal which are going to shorten the time of its realisation are leading to reduce the unitary energy and financial outputs for a hectar of destoned land. Selection of properly chosen tractor - machine aggregates and use of the machines designated to existing soil - stone conditions as well as chose of the right time of the operation are the key factors of success of destoning.

3

Prognozowany efekt scalenia gruntów gospodarstw rolnych, spowodowany zmniejszeniem liczby pól użytku zielonego

Mielewczyk S.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 49

213--220

PL

W pracy autor przedstawił sposób oceny prognozowanego efektu scalenia gruntów gospodarstw rolnych, spowodowanego zmniejszeniem liczby pól użytku zielonego. Efekt ten został ustalony na podstawie analizy wymiernego efektu scalenia gruntów gospodarstw rolnych, spowodowanego zmniejszeniem liczby pól użytku zielonego i kosztu związanego z rozłogami tych pól. Z formuły matematycznej wynika, że omawiany efekt jest funkcją przyrostu (zmniejszenia) liczby pól użytku zielonego o jedno- i dwustronnych dostępach do dróg, na skutek scalenia gruntów gospodarstw rolnych w obrębie ewidencyjnym. Efekt ten może być wykorzystany, jako jeden z czynników kwalifikujących dany obręb ewidencyjny w zakresie ustalania potrzeb scaleń gruntów gospodarstw rolnych.

EN

The Author presents a way of assessment of forecast effect of land parcel consolidation of agricultural estates areas due to decrease of number of land parcels of grassland. The effect was developed on the basis of research of both calculable effect of land parcel consolidation of agricultural estates due to decrease of number land parcels of grassland as well as the cost related to land configuration of these land parcels. As a result of analysis of this mathematical formula it was identified that the mentioned effect is a function of increase (or decrease) of number of land parcels of grassland with both one and two side access to roads (this increase or decrease of number of land parcels is a result of land parcel consolidation of agricultural estates within one cadastral district). This effect might be used as one of possible factors that can qualify a cadastral district for process of land parcel consolidation.

4

Wintering Farmland Bird Assemblages in West Hungary

Báldi A., Somay L., Kovács-Hostyánszki A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 4

608--615

EN

Farmland bird populations declining rapidly all over Europe. Most of the knowledge is, however, from the breeding season, and much less is known about the winter period, especially from Central and Eastern Europe. We censused wintering farmland bird assemblages in West Hungary, in 2011/2012. The censuses covered semi-natural and seeded grasslands, plough fields and wheat fields. The available winter seed food was estimated for each field from the top soil and from the vegetation. We recorded 25 species with 844 individuals on the fields. Semi-natural grasslands were the most important habitats for species richness of all, granivorous, and resident species, with seeded grasslands as the second best habitat. Abundance showed similar pattern, although with no significant effect for granivorous species and for short-range migrants. Seed mass was significantly different among the habitat types, higher on seeded grasslands and seminatural grasslands than on ploughed sites and winter wheat fields. Date had a significant effect on species richness and abundance with highest values in December. There was a positive significant correlation between bird species richness and seed mass only in December. Our results strengthen former findings that changes and drivers of wintering farmland bird populations may differ between Central and West Europe, and highlight the need for further, large scale studies to provide evidence base to guide agrienvironmental programs.

5

Landscape Patch Pattern Effect on Relationships between Soil Properties and Earthworm Assemblages: A Comparison of two Farmlands of Different Spatial Structure

Regulska E., Kołaczkowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 4

549--558

EN

Our survey was carried out in two study sites of approximately 3.3 ha each located in the Suwałki Lake District in NE Poland in the year 2008. Earthworms and soil samples were collected during two campaigns (spring and autumn) from 25 × 25 cm and 30 cm deep sampling points. The complex arable landscape (CAL) supported higher earthworm diversity, density and biomass than the similarly managed but homogeneous arable landscape (HAL). The spring and autumn earthworm sampling campaigns revealed very different patterns, and we conclude that autumn sampling is the most adequate for biomonitoring. On the other hand, the spring collections were significantly correlated to soil physical parameters, thus spring sampling is more suitable for studying such correlations. Significant correlations occurred almost exclusively for CAL and the soil parameters significantly relating with earthworm community were: soil moisture, nitrogen and organic carbon contents. The possible reason for it is the presence of numerous refuges for lumbricids offered by field margins, balks, woodlots and meadows in the CAL and lack of them in the HAL.

6

Porównanie wybranych cech środowiskowych pola uprawnego i odłogowanego

Włodek S., Sienkiewicz-Cholewa U., Biskupski A., Sekutowski T. R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2014

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Nr 38

51--59

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznaczeń wybranych właściwości chemiczno-fizycznych gleby oraz zachwaszczenia na polu odłogowanym, od siedmiu lat wyłączonym z produkcji rolnej oraz na polu uprawnym będącym w bliskim sąsiedztwie odłogu. Gleba na polu uprawnym była wilgotniejsza i bardziej zagęszczona niż na odłogu. Po kilkuletnim wyłączenie pola z produkcji rolnej zanotowano wzrost zawartości w glebie C org. P, K i Mg. Na polu uprawnym występowały typowe gatunki segetalne, natomiast na odłogu również gatunki ruderalne. Pomimo bliskiego sąsiedztwa odłogu zdominowanego przez nawłoć olbrzymią (Solidago gigantea) nie stwierdzono występowania tego gatunku na polu uprawnym.

EN

The results and analysis of the chosen physico-chemical soil properties of the fallow, which was not cultivated for 7 years and of the arable land, situated close to it, are presented in this work. Soil moisture content was higher and the weed infestation rate was bigger on the arable land in comparison to fallow. Significant increase of C.org. as well as P, K and Mg availability for plant was noticed on the fallow. On the arable land segetal species were common, whereas on the fallow ruderal species occurred as well. In spite of the close neighborhood of fallow with Solidago gigantea and Solidago canadensis species domination, this species was not reported on the arable land

7

Decision support for hardware and software, complex for precision farming tasks: student project

Ganchenko V. V

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2014

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Vol. 5, nr 1

5--13

EN

In the article algorithms for decision support for hardware and software complex are described. The complex is used for few precision farming tasks: data mining, data processing, decision making and control of fertilizers applying. The complex is designed to reduce costs and environmental burden on potato. The complex is based on processing aerial images photographs of potato ﬁelds.

8

Właściwości fizykochemiczne i wodne gleb płowych pól uprawnych i sąsiadujących z nimi zadrzewień śródpolnych

Jaskulska R., Hoppe-Wawrzyniak A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 58, nr 3

235--239

PL

Badaniami objęto gleby płowe trzech obiektów badawczych w układzie pole uprawne - zadrzewienie położonych na terenie Agroekologicznego Parku Krajobrazowego w Turwi. Grunty orne są od wielu lat intensywnie uprawiane, a zadrzewienia śródpolne różnią się między sobą: wiekiem, składem gatunkowym drzew, zawartością próchnicy. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu porównanie wybranych parametrów fizykochemicznych i wodnych gleb pól będących w intensywnej uprawie z sąsiadującymi z nimi zadrzewieniami śródpolnymi na trzech głębokościach. Rezultaty badań dla gleb zadrzewień śródpolnych wykazały istotnie wyższe zawartości węgla organicznego, porowatości, współczynnika przewodnictwa hydraulicznego, potencjałów wiązania wody w glebie (pF) w stosunku do pól uprawnych. Natomiast zagęszczenie było istotnie niższe dla gleb zadrzewień w porównaniu z polami uprawnymi. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników można wnioskować o celowości stosowania zadrzewień śródpolnych jako pasów ochronnych, przeciwdziałających procesom erozyjnym w krajobrazie agroekologicznym.

EN

The research concerned luvisols from 3 study objects in the system cultivated field - shelterbelt located in the area of Agroecological Landscape Park in Turew. Arable lands have been intensively cultivated for many years and midfield shelterbelts differ in age, tree species composition and humus content. The research aimed at study of selected physical, chemical and water parameters of the soils of intensively cultivated fields with adjacent midfield shelterbelts at 3 depths. The results of the studies for the midfield shelterbelts soils showed that the content of organic carbon, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity water potential in soil (pF) were significantly higher than in the case of cultivated fields. However, density was significantly lower for the shelterbelts when compared to arable soils. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the use of midfield shelterbelts as safety belts, preventing erosion processes in agro-ecological landscape is advisable.

9

Porównanie parcel-wzorców gruntu ornego o jedno- i dwustronnym dostępie do drogi

Mielewczyk S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2002

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z. 34[195], cz.1

147-156

EN

The influence of one-sided and two-sided access to a public road on features, which characterise a plot-model of the arable land, was examined in this research. Resulting in the researches, it was identified that the two-sided access to a public road, compared to the one-sided one, causes reduction in configuration cost, increases in the ratio of parallel side (which is orthogonal to the direction of cultivation) to direction of cultivation and increases in the parallel side to the direction of cultivation.