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The Needles of Aleppo Pine From the Province of Taza-Morocco – A Biomaterial of Great Potential

Mahmoud Rachid, Hjouji Kaoutar, Mehdaoui Imane, Saoudi Hassani El Mokhtar, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Majbar Zineb, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

41--50

EN

The needles of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) (PA) are very abundant in the forest of the National Park of Tazekka (Ta-za-Morocco) and are unexploitable. Moreover, they constitute a potential danger because they facilitate the outbreak of wildfires. To solve this problem, we have considered turning these needles into a biomaterial that could be used as raw material for different uses, such as wastewater treatment. The biomaterial of the Aleppo pine is obtained from its needles which are harvested in spring, dried, cut, crushed, and sieved. The powder obtained is analyzed before and after the extraction of essential oil. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses show that this biomaterial is porous, hygroscopic, slightly acidic, moderately moist, and not very conducive. Its average density in the anhydrous state is 0.6. It is rich in carbon (79.91%) and oxygen (18.91%) in the form of aromatic compounds and ketone imprints; thus, relating the presence of cellulose, pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose. Its composition in mineral elements (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, S) is deficient. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oils extracted from the needle powder relates that it is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds such as mono-terpenoid α and β-pinene hydrocarbons. These results show that our biomaterial can be used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment and the extracted essential oils can be used in the pharmacological, agro-food field.

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Physicochemical Characterization and Metallic Contamination of the Waters of Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Oued Nfifikh is a coastal stream of the Bouregreg and Chaouia watershed (Morocco). It passes through many rural and urban areas and receives different types of liquid and solid discharges from anthropogenic activities adopted along the watercourse. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water from the most accessible sites upstream and downstream of Oued Nfifikh, along with highlighting the impact of human activities on these waters’ quality. For this purpose, water samples were collected and analyzed within normalized methods. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows significant spatial variations (pvalue < 0.05) for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate and chloride, and for metallic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Al). Unlike (temperature, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd), whose values do not present statistically significant variations (pvalue > 0.05). The study of the physicochemical quality reveals that the waters at the upstream are classed as good quality, except for site (S2), located at the upstream part of the river, it is affected by human activities. Consequently, its physicochemical composition is quite similar to that of waters of poor quality at the downstream sites. The Principal Component Analysis of the results followed by the Ascending Hierarchical Classification on the same data matrix allowed to regroup the sampling sites with similar characteristics into three distinct groups. A group of highly mineralized waters, a second group dominated by elements indicating urban pollution, and a group of waters with low mineral content and low metallic contamination indicating agricultural pollution.

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Physicochemical and Microbiological Characterization of Effluents from the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech and Study of Their Impact on the Environment

Ait Bella Ayoub, Abdessamad Hejjaj, Lafrikh Hayat, El Azzouzi El Habib

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

44--49

EN

Water pollution from sewage has become a subject of considerable public and scientific concern, given its demon-strated extreme toxicity to human health and biological ecosystems. Hospital wastewater poses a serious health risk to staff, the public, and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the physical, chemical and biological parameters of hospital wastewater from Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, which is discharged into the municipal sewage system, where it mixes with sewage from urban areas without prior treatment. This study was conducted between October 2022 and January 2023 with a sampling frequency of 15 days each. Hospital wastewater samples were collected at the main collector of all manholes in the hospital.Physicochemical characterization of the effluents from each department showed that they are heavily polluted with organic matter, with average values in the range of 750 mg/L COD, 512.14 mg/L BOD5 and 879.86 mg /L TSS. These values are higher than those recom-mended in the Moroccan discharge standards. Total phosphorus, sulfates, nitrates and nitrites are 5.92 mg/L, 427.97 mg/L, 7.39 mg/L and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Bacteriological characterization shows that fecal coliform bacteria reach 12×106 CFU/100 mL. These effluents also contain pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, especially Staphylococcus aureus. The ratio COD / BOD5 is about 1.46, a value indicating that hospital wastewater is readily biodegradable. Therefore, proper treatment of these hospital effluents is essential due to their physicochemical and pathogenic bacterial load, which can negatively affect public health and carry the risk of spreading epidemic diseases.

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Physicochemical Characterization of the Leachate of the Tamelast Landfill Site, Grand Agadir (Morocco)

Asouam Saadia, Arabi Mourad, Faik Farid, El Morjani Zine El Abidine, Abioui Mohamed, Diaz Luis F., Kostyuchenko Yuriy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 5

65--72

EN

During the last decade, the Grand Agadir has faced a huge production of solid waste, similarly to all other Moroccan cities. Indeed, these solid wastes are composed of the organic matter fraction in 77%. This solid waste is buried in the landfill of Tamelast, which, with its undersized leachate storage ponds, is the source of many environmental problems. Thus, the development of a landfill site meeting environmental standards has become an urgent need. This study aims to highlight the current state of waste management in Grand Agadir, while assessing the polluting load of leachate produced at the Tamelast landfill. This was achieved by taking samples of young leachate at the outlet of the purge, followed by medium and old leachate from the storage tanks (Pond N°2 & N°3). In addition to the olfactory nuisances still persistent at the landfill area, the results of the physicochemical characterization showed that the leachates produced, if not treated effectively, would generate great environmental and health risks to the surrounding environments, by their high organic and mineral load. The electrical conductivity reflecting the mineral load, reaches a maximum value of 130 mS/cm and a minimum value of 16 mS/cm. The maximum measured values of BOD5 and COD were, 43251 mgO2/L and 90240 mgO2/L, respectively, indicating high biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutant load. Total dry solids ranges between 231 mg/l and 9696 mg/l, which exceeds the allowable discharge limits for liquid pollutant. The analysis of heavy metals has shown strong values in terms of Iron, Silver, Nickel, and Manganese, which, similarly, exceed the limits of the standards for liquid pollutants released into natural fields.

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Physicochemical Characterization of a Feed Based on Food Waste for Broilers and Organic Chickens

Mechkirrou Latifa, Arabi Mourad, Ouhssine Mohamed, Afilal Mohamed El Amine

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 5

110--118

EN

The city of Oujda has a very significant production of solid waste that annually exceeds 340000 tons, of which the organic fraction represents at least 70%. In order to promote the recovery of solid organic waste, a study was carried out on an alternative food made from food waste (FW) in the city of Oujda (Morocco). Before being applied on different flocks of chickens (industrial broilers and farmer broilers), this Lab-Prepared Feed was analysed to determine its organo-mineral composition in comparison to other composed poultry feeds that are marketed in Morocco. The results of organo-mineral characterization showed a composition of 13% in total nitrogen, 7% in mineral matter and 4% in fat, while for the composed poultry feeds, these components were 15%, 6% and 5%, respectively. The composition of nutriment found for the studied materials may promote the food waste recovery to be used as a raw material of the Lab-Prepared Feed (LPF). Thus, it may enable to replace, under sustainable view, the composed poultry feeds, which have presently become very expensive due to various economic factors.

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Zastosowanie technik chromatograficznych do badań charakterystyki fizykochemicznej czystych substancji i mieszanin

Chruszczyk D., Boczkaj G.

Camera Separatoria

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2015

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Vol. 7, No. 1

17--23

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metody wyznaczania charakterystyki fizykochemicznej substancji czystych i ich mieszanin z zastosowaniem technik chromatograficznych. Opisano metodę destylacji symulowanej oraz techniki odwróconej chromatografii cieczowej i gazowej. Przedstawiono metody wyznaczania parametrów rozpuszczalności, entalpii adsorpcji, współczynnika podziału, porowatości, właściwości kwasowo-zasadowych.

EN

The paper presents methods of determination of the physicochemical properties of pure substances and their mixtures by the use of chromatographic techniques. Simulated distillation, reversed gas and liquid chromatography have been described. Basic equation and relationship allowing to calculate solubility parameters, adsorption enthalpy and isotherm, partition coefficient, porosity and acid/based characteristic are also given.