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The European controlling system to reduce oil discharges in the sea

Otremba Z.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 2

375-381

Shiporigin operational discharges of oil mainly include the discharge of bilge water from motor rooms, fuel oil sludge and oily ballast water from fuel tanks. Also, various tankers can illegally discharge of tank-washing residues. Accidental discharges can appear when ship collide or come in distress at sea (e.g. engine breakdown, fire, explosion, pipeline breaks). There is necessity of continuous inspection of marine shipping routes, especially in environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. whole Baltic Sea). If protection against oil pollution is considered - the coastal nations of the North Sea are formed in the Bonn Agreement, whereas coastal nations of the Baltic Sea are formed in the HELCOM convention. Both organizations carrying out the international aerial surveillances and manage international oil-combat systems. Unfortunately, air surveillance can operate mainly in good weather, good visibility and in daylight. The surface of the whole world is observed independently on the time of day and weather by antennas of Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) of dozen military satellites with resolution of several meters. Some civil satellites equipped with SAR, supply every few days a set of signals which in ground-based centres are transformed to image of a define area of the sea surface. In these images, the shapes of places, which can be interpreted as polluted by an oil film, are shown. The system is introduced after EU directive and managed by European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). EMSA has developed the CleanSeaNet service - a satellite based monitoring system for marine oil spill detection. Advantages and limitations of the SAR-methods are discussed in this study. Physical, meteorological and hydrological as well as organizational conditions for effective use of this system are considered.

Radar obserwacji bocznej w samolocie patrolowym

Rutkowski T.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

1998

nr 11

814-818

Przedstawiono projekt radaru obserwacji bocznej stanowiącego zasadniczy element samolotowego systemu obserwacji powierzchni morza przeznaczonego głównie do wykrywania zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych. Opisano budowę funkcjonalną oraz przedstawiono parametry techniczne zaprojektowanego radaru.

The project of the side-looking radar, which is the main sensor used in maritime surveillance airborne system mainly for oil spill detection, is presented. The architecture and the basic characteristic of the designed radar are described.