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A Note on Nonemptiness of Cognitive Semantics for Linguistic Representations of Modal Equivalence

Katarzyniak R., Więcek D.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology

2018

Vol. 24, No. 4

301--315

In this paper we deal with an original model of technically oriented cognitive semantics of modal equivalences, stated in semi-controlled natural languages and used as surface linguistic representations of internal knowledge states of artificial autonomous systems. The cognitive semantics is defined to support generation of natural language statements extended with auto-epistemic operators of modality, representing subjectively experienced certainty, strong belief and week belief of the autonomous system that the relationship between occurrence of two chosen properties in a real object is the logical equivalence relation. An internal architecture of the autonomous system is briefly presented with particular emphasis on computational modules responsible for verification of compliance of current knowledge processing states with states described by the cognitive semantics as proper for application of a particular case of modal equivalence. The major issue discussed in the paper concerns an original theory of grounding of modal equivalences in empirical knowledge resources, encapsulated in the autonomous system. The whole theory consists of theorems describing basic and advanced properties of the cognitive semantics. In the paper, the attention is limited to presentation and proof of four theorems about nonemptiness of the proposed cognitive semantics. The research results cover the next stage of some research and development efforts, concerning the technical implementation of cognitive computing models, describing the artificial generation of semi-natural languages by the interactive autonomous system to describe their encapsulated knowledge resources.

Some Notes on Extracting Linguistic Summaries Built with Epistemic Modalities and Natural Language Connectives of Equivalence

Katarzyniak R., Lorkiewicz W., Więcek D.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology

2017

Vol. 23, No. 1

19--41

In this paper we deal with an original technically oriented model for cognitive semantics. As the expected area of application we focus on the process of extraction of modal linguistic summaries from data managed by autonomous components of ambient systems and intelligent environments. As such, the cognitive semantics is defined for a particular case of modal natural language statements with epistemic modalities. The statements of interest are built with natural language operators, representing epistemic modalities (related to the main cognitive states of knowledge certainty: full certainty, strong belief and epistemic possibility), and natural language connectives of equivalence. Furthermore, an approach to their effective processing by autonomous computational systems is designed. An internal architecture of the autonomous computational component is designed with respect to modular model for natural language processing with separate modules for epistemic and semantic memory storage and processing. An original theoretical concept underlying the model of semantic memory is a holon defined as a collection of complementary linguistic protoforms. Finally, we provide several illustrative computational examples of linguistic summaries’ extraction, based on artificial and real data.