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1

Measuring Trustworthiness in Neuro-Symbolic Integration

Agiollo Andrea, Omicini Andrea

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

1--10

EN

Neuro-symbolic integration of symbolic and subsymbolic techniques represents a fast-growing AI trend aimed at mitigating the issues of neural networks in terms of decision processes, reasoning, and interpretability. Several state-of-the-art neuro-symbolic approaches aim at improving performance, most of them focusing on proving their effectiveness in terms of raw predictive performance and/or reasoning capabilities. Meanwhile, few efforts have been devoted to increasing model trustworthiness, interpretability, and efficiency - mostly due to the complexity of measuring effectively improvements in terms of trustworthiness and interpretability. This is why here we analyse and discuss the need for ad-hoc trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic techniques. We focus on two popular paradigms mixing subsymbolic computation and symbolic knowledge, namely: (i) symbolic knowledge extraction (SKE), aimed at mapping subsymbolic models into human-interpretable knowledge bases; and (ii) symbolic knowledge injection (SKI), aimed at forcing subsymbolic models to adhere to a given symbolic knowledge. We first emphasise the need for assessing neuro-symbolic approaches from a trustworthiness perspective, highlighting the research challenges linked with this evaluation and the need for ad-hoc trust definitions. Then we summarise recent developments in SKE and SKI metrics focusing specifically on several trustworthiness pillars such as interpretability, efficiency, and robustness of neuro-symbolic methods. Finally, we highlight open research opportunities towards reliable and flexible trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic integration.

2

On precision acoustic wave calculation in a frequency domain

Rymarczyk Tomasz, Sikora Jan

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

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T. 12, nr 2

64--68

EN

The accuracy of the calculation of acoustic problems formulated in the frequency domain is presented in this work. The issues of the acoustic point sources modelling were discussed and the influence of frequency as well as the impact of the geometry of the analysed area on the accuracy of calculations were indicated. Speaking about the influence of geometry, we mean not only discretization but also the configuration of the considered area, such as for example point sources localization close to the outer edge.

PL

Dokładności obliczeń zagadnień akustycznych sformułowanych w dziedzinie częstotliwości została przedstawiona w tej pracy. Omówiono problemy modelowania źródeł punktowych oraz wskazano na wpływ częstotliwości a także wpływ geometrii analizowanego obszaru na dokładność obliczeń. Mówiąc o wpływie geometrii mamy na myśli nie tylko dyskretyzacje, ale także konfigurację rozpatrywanego obszaru jak na przykład punktowe źródła energii położone blisko zewnętrznego brzegu.

3

Shape and packing effects in particulate composites: micromechanical modelling and numerical verification

Majewski Michał, Wichrowski Michał, Hołobut Paweł, Kowalczyk-Gajewska Katarzyna

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e86, 1--22

EN

The aim of this study is to analyse the joint effect of reinforcement shape and packing on the effective behaviour of particulate composites. The proposed semi-analytical modelling method combines the Replacement Mori-Tanaka scheme, by means of which the concentration tensors for non-ellipsoidal inhomogeneities are found numerically, and the analytical morphologically representative pattern approac to account for particle packing. Five shapes of inhomogeneities are selected for the analysis: a sphere, a prolate ellipsoid, a sphere with cavities, an oblate spheroid with a cavity as well as an in homogeneity created by three prolate spheroids crossing at right angles. Semi-analytical estimates are compared with the results of numerical simulations performed using the finite element method and with the outcomes of classical mean-field models based on the Eshelby solution, e.g. the Mori–Tanaka model or the self-consistent scheme.

4

Enterprise Modeling: From Digital Transformation to Digital Ubiquity

Fill Hans-Georg

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

1--4

EN

While digital transformation is still a challenge for many companies when introducting digital technologies in existing processes and business models, digital ubiquity stands for the next step in digitalization. It characterizes the omnipresence of a large range of digital technologies, connectivity, and data as well as entirely digital organizations. This includes for example upcoming technologies such as distributed ledgers, artificial intelligence or augmented reality and according interfaces and data sources as well as decentralized apps and autonomous organizations. The challenge thus becomes to optimally deal with these opportunities and deploy them efficiently in business scenarios. In this paper we will investigate the role of enterprise modeling under this paradigm and how it can contribute to a well-structured, systematic understanding of complex digital phenomena for supporting business and technological decisions.

5

Data Mining-Based Phishing Detection

Bohacik Jan, Skula Ivan, Zabovsky Michal

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

27--30

EN

Webpages can be faked easily nowadays and as there are many internet users, it is not hard to find some becoming victims of them. Simultaneously, it is not uncommon these days that more and more activities such as banking and shopping are being moved to the internet, which may lead to huge financial losses. In this paper, a developed Chrome plugin for data mining-based detection of phishing webpages is described. The plugin is written in JavaScript and it uses a C4.5 decision tree model created on the basis of collected data with eight describing attributes. The usability of the model is validated with 10-fold cross-validation and the computation of sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy. The achieved results of experiments are promising.

6

A Social Robot-based Platform towards Automated Diet Tracking

Alexiadis Anastasios, Triantafyllidis Andreas, Elmas Dimosthenis, Gerovasilis Giorgos, Votis Konstantinos, Tzovaras Dimitrios

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

11--14

EN

Diet tracking via self-reports or manual taking of meal photos might be difficult, time-consuming, and discouraging, especially for children, which limits the potential of long-term dietary assessment. We present the design and development of a proof of concept of an automated and unobtrusive system for diet tracking integrating: a) a social robot programmed to automatically capture photos of food and motivate children, b) a deep learning model based on Google Inception V3, applied for the use case of image-based fruit recognition, c) a RESTful microservice architecture deployed to deliver the model outcomes to a platform aiming at childhood obesity prevention. We illustrate the feasibility and virtue of this approach, towards the development of the next-generation computer-assisted systems for automated diet tracking.

7

Measure of adequacy for the supercomputer job management system model

Baranov Anton, Lyakhovets Dmitriy, Savin Gennady, Shabanov Boris, Telegin Pavel

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

423--426

EN

In this paper we investigate the problem of modelling modern supercomputer job management systems (JMS). When modelling the JMS, one of the main issues is the adequacy of the model used in experimental studies. The paper attempts to determine the measure of the JMS model adequacy by comparing the characteristics of two job streams, one of which was acquired from a real supercomputer and the other is obtained from the JMS model. We show that the normalized Euclidean distance between vectors of jobs residence times obtained from the job streams of the real system and the JMS model can serve as a measure of the adequacy of the JMS model. The paper also defines the reference value of the measure of adequacy corresponding to the JMS model with virtual nodes.

8

Wybrane aspekty badań symulacyjnych strat w rzeczywistych łączach satelitarnych

Wilk-Jakubowski J. Ł.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa

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2018

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T. 6

135--151

PL

Na konkurencyjność oraz innowacyjność gospodarki światowej wpływa stan zaawansowania technologii TIK. Jednym z rozwiązań podnoszenia jakości świadczonych usług jest dążenie do optymalizacji współczesnych systemów łączności satelitarnej. Z punktu widzenia ich pracy, w celu zapewnienia zadowalającej pracy łącza satelitarnego konieczna jest odpowiednia moc nadajnika. W praktyce moc ta uzależniona jest od wielu czynników, jak chociażby: współrzędne geograficzne miejsca odbioru, ukształtowanie terenu, częstotliwość, lokalizacja anteny (ustawienie anteny), tłumienie sygnału w wolnej przestrzeni, wymagany poziom dostępności łącza. Czynniki te przekładają się na bilans energetyczny łącza satelitarnego, który uzależniony jest ponadto od parametrów technicznych systemu (zwłaszcza: apertury anteny, sprawności anteny oraz całkowitych strat w łączu). W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ całkowitych strat w łączu w zakresie 0,1-0,7 dB na jakość odbioru mikrofalowego sygnału satelitarnego w obszarze Kielc (z uwzględnieniem szumów interferencyjnych), co pozwala przedstawić wpływ tych strat na odbiór sygnału w skrajnie niekorzystnych warunkach.

EN

To ensure satisfactory operation of satellite links in the direction of the satellite-to-earth is essential to get an adequate power of the transmitter. In practice, this power depends on many factors such as: geographical coordinates, terrain, frequency, antenna aperture, antenna efficiency, coupling loss, the signal attenuation in space – in the atmosphere, the required level of availability of bandwidth, etc. Moreover in order to ensure a correct balance, properly conducted link budget requires consideration of extreme weather conditions (precipitation etc.). It is necessary to determine the required transmitter power (or antenna performance) as a function of many factors. The article analyzes the impact of the coupling loss on the receiving satellite signal and presents the results of modeling of these losses in the actual satellite links.

9

Wpływ wybranych parametrów technicznych systemu na odbiór fal radiowych

Wilk-Jakubowski J. Ł.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2018

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T. 8, nr 3

65--68

PL

Artykuł omawia wpływ wybranych parametrów systemu na odbiór fal radiowych, co ma zastosowanie w optymalizacji systemów łączności. Cel ten realizuje się poprzez dobór parametrów technicznych urządzeń np. współczynnika sprawności anteny odbiorczej. Zwiększenie współczynnika dostępności dla danego systemu wiąże się z minimalizacją wpływu wielu niepożądanych czynników na transmisję fal radiowych (w tym tłumienia podstawowego oraz influencji klimatyczno-atmosferycznej). W rezultacie możliwe staje się zoptymalizowanie istniejących już systemów teletransmisyjnych oraz projektowanie nowych systemów, pozwalających na znaczną poprawę jakości i wiarygodności przekazywanych informacji (zaprezentowane wyniki ograniczą się do częstotliwości z zakresu pasma Ku – powszechnie wykorzystywanego w łączności satelitarnej).

EN

This article presents the influence of selected parameters on the reception of radio waves to optimize communication systems. That goal is achieved by selection of technical parameters of system, eg. antenna efficiency. The result is to minimize the negative effects of free space propagation and induction of climate and Earth's atmosphere in order to increase the G/T figure. In practice, changes in the climatic and atmospheric conditions are significant factors affecting the quality of satellite signal. These results can be used by satellite systems engineers to calculate the link budget analyses of current and future systems through scientifically solid evaluation and assessment. So, these estimates may be useful to improve the design and performance of telematic networks, or to minimize the interruption or lack of communication between the terminal and the satellite in Ku band.

10

Interaction of steel cord – elastomer in radial tyres for passenger vehicles

Krmela J., Benes L., Krmelova V.

Production Engineering Archives

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2014

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Vol. 5, No. 4

10--13

EN

The article focuses on determination of selected material characteristics of samples from different areas of various old passenger tyre casings and on determination of mechanical properties of specific composites with elastomeric matrix and steel reinforcement which are used as steel belts of tyre casing as a sample. These characteristics are used as input data for computational modelling of tyres. It was necessary to carry out various types of experiments to obtain these characteristics. In this article we present the values of the modules of elasticity calculated from the results of DMA tests and static tension tests of samples from old tyre casings and a cohesion test between steel cords and elastomeric matrix. The Mooney-Rivlin parameters, which are necessary input data into computational models of tyres and their parts, were determined from the experimental results. The computational models will be designed to be able to include the effect of aging of the individual tire casing parts. Knowledge of the degradation processes can lead to design and material changes that can increase the resistance of casings against selected forms of degradation processes.

11

Wpływ oparów metalicznych na spawanie łukowe, część 3: Modelowanie łuku spawalniczego – wyniki. Dymy spawalnicze

Murphy A.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2012

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R. 84, nr 11

12-21

PL

W tej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki oraz przewidywania obliczeniowego modelowania łuków spawalniczych, a także wpływ oparów metalicznych na parametry łuku. Omówiono powstawanie pyłów wpływających na zdrowie spawacza. Podsumowanie artykułu może być przydatne do tworzenia oprogramowania procesora źródła do sterowania stabilnością łuku, funkcjami ułatwiającymi spawanie i korekty błędów spawacza (reklamowanych w Australii jako oprogramowanie urządzeń, myślących za spawacza).

EN

The results and predictions of computational modeling of welding arcs and influence of metal vapour on arc parameters are presented in this part. The production of welding fume affecting the health of welder also is discussed. A summary of the article can be useful for developing software for intelligent processor control welding arc stability, weld assist functions and correction of errors welder advertised in Australia as a software welders who think for a welder.

12

Numerical modelling of blast waves generated by explosion of an elongated gaseous cloud

Kuczaj A.

Journal of Technical Physics

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2002

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Vol. 43, no 1

43-60

EN

A numerical solution is given for the 2D problem of the detonation products scattering of exploding cylindrical gaseous cloud. Numerical simulations have been performed for unconfmed gaseous explosions for various proportions of the longitudinal-to-transverse dimensions of the cloud. The near field of air blast is highly asymmetrical and directional, thus simple engineering approximations of the blast parameters have been given for various directions of blast wave propagation.