Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Using the instagram platform in creating a personal brand

Radecka Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

395--404

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the possibilities of creating a personal brand image in social media. Design/methodology/approach: The research analyzed literature materials on the development of social media and its use in personal branding. Compilations and reports covering users' online activity were analyzed. Findings: Social media is becoming a tool for thoughtful personal branding, as well as proper two-way communication. Through the actions taken to create on Instagram, you can build an audience that will actively contribute to the development of your personal brand. Research limitations/implications: Future research may be related to the creation of mentoring programs in the area under study. Practical implications: The results of the survey can be used as input for designing training programs in the study area. Social implications: Social media marketing means promotion conducted through a variety of means. This forces those who want to create a strong personal brand to be dynamically flexible and look for solutions that can optimize promotional and communication processes online. Originality/value: This article is mainly addressed to those creating their personal brand on Instagram, who want to implement and improve their branding strategy.

2

Social networking as a communication tool for public transport companies in voivodship cities

Woźniakowski Mariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

649--661

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the changes in the use and basic advantages of social networks in the communication of public transport companies in voivodship cities. Design/methodology/approach: The study carried out consisted of analysing the content of the official websites belonging to the selected public transport service companies in order to see how the information on the social networks used (location of plug-ins) is shared, and a review of the active profiles on these sites was carried out to diagnose what content is published. The survey was conducted in October 2023. The results were cross-referenced with the corresponding survey carried out in 2017. Findings: The survey showed that of the 24 companies analysed from 18 cities, 20 use at least one of the social networks. The most common is Facebook - 19 companies have a profile, followed by YouTube - 9, Instagram - 7 and Twitter 5. 2 companies have profiles on 4 sites at the same time, 4 on 3 sites, 11 have 3 official profiles on different social networks, another 7 companies have 2 each and also 7 have one each. In the case of 4 entities, no profiles were found on social networks. The content, frequency and timeliness of publications on the profiles vary. Research limitations/implications: Social networks that were less popular at the time of writing (e.g. TikTok - official profiles were identified in 2 cases among the companies surveyed) were not included in the study. The objectives of the communication strategies of the individual entities are not known. This may be part of further research through in-depth interviews with those responsible for promoting the companies. It may also be possible to extend the research to other operators (e.g. inter-municipal, railway, smaller cities, etc.) and among the target audiences of the communication activities in particular services. Practical implications: On the basis of the author's audit of the communication activities of public transport companies on social networks, this article suggests that the use of social media is an appropriate tactic in the communication of companies (including municipal companies), both in the promotional dimension externally and in communication with citizens - service users, due to the participatory, interactive and open nature of social media. Originality/value: The publication presents the results of research carried out on the basis of the author's audit of the activity of the public transport companies from the voivodship's cities in the social media.

3

Price sensitivity of students to their favorite applications and programs

Lupa-Wójcik Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

259--273

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to determine the price sensitivity of students to their favorite applications and programs. Design/methodology/approach: The main research problem is: What is the price sensitivity of students to their favorite applications and programs? The study was conducted using the quantitative method, the survey technique on students in Krakow (Poland) in May and June 2023. The research sample was 424 people. Findings: Every second student would not give up Messenger if it was paid at an affordable price, every third from Instagram and Spotify, every fourth from YouTube, and every fifth from TikTok. They would be less willing to pay, for example, for Facebook. Every third student would be willing to pay up to PLN 20 per month for their favorite application or program (above this amount, they would rather not use it than pay). Every fifth respondent indicated PLN 30 per month as the upper limit. The vast majority of students (71%) declared that if the respondents' favorite application or program was paid at an affordable price, they would continue to use it. One in four respondents said they would look for a replacement (25%). Research limitations/implications: Studying price sensitivity in the new technologies sector is a complex problem and the research presented in this work covers only selected aspects in this field. Practical implications: The research results show young people's declarations of price changes in the new technologies sector. Could raising the prices of their favorite apps cause them to use them less? The new technologies sector can use the research results to set prices for selected applications or programs. Social implications: The research conclusions can be used to determine whether price manipulation for new technologies can result in less use of them by young people, and thus have a positive social effect. Originality/value: The study provides insights into the willingness of students to pay for these services and identifies specific preferences and behaviors regarding the use of paid and free versions of applications. The research results can be used by owners of online platforms, marketers, educators and students.

4

Method for calculating the information security indicator in social media with consideration of the path duration between clients

Akhramovych Volodymyr, Pepa Yuriy, Zahynei Anton, Akhramovych Vadym, Dzyuba Taras, Danylov Ihor

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

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T. 14, nr 1

71--77

EN

Heterogeneous differential dependencies of the information security indicator (HDISI) in social media (SM) were analyzed, taking into account the duration of the path between clients (UDPC). The resilience of the information security indicator system (RSIIS) was also determined. The HDISI in SM was developed based on UDPC conditions. It uses modern methods and techniques, including a non-specific method. The conditions of a fixed precondition were formed according to the time grid. This dependency provides a comprehensive explanation of how the previous transformation is replaced by the elapsed period. SM is a set of clients and their types of communication. Clients can be individuals, populations, settlements, or countries. Communication is understood as more than just the transmission and receipt of information. It also includes interaction, the exchange of knowledge and expertise, and discussion. Under the angle of mathematics, the HDISI model based on non-homogeneous differential equations (NDE) was analyzed and its transcendental study was done. The transcendental study of nonlinear HDISI models in SM showed that the characteristics of UDPC significantly affect the information security indicator (ISI) - up to one hundred percent. Phase diagrams (PDs) of ISI were studied, which indicate the highest ISI even at the maximum parameters of malicious actions. For the first time, the analysis of designed HDISI structures was carried out and numerical criteria between the capabilities of UDPC and the measures of ISI, as well as the highest ISI, were obtained, which shows the scientific content of this article.

PL

Przeanalizowano niejednorodne zależności różnicowe wskaźnika bezpieczeństwa informacji (HDISI) w mediach społecznościowych (SM), biorąc pod uwagę długość ścieżki między klientami (UDPC). Określono również odporność systemu wskaźników bezpieczeństwa informacji (RSIIS). HDISI w SM został opracowany w oparciu o warunki UDPC. Wykorzystuje on nowoczesne metody i techniki, w tym metodę niespecyficzną. Warunki stałego warunku wstępnego zostały utworzone zgodnie z siatką czasową. Ta zależność zapewnia kompleksowe wyjaśnienie, w jaki sposób poprzednia transformacja jest zastępowana przez upływający okres. SM to zbiór klientów i ich rodzajów komunikacji. Klientami mogą być jednostki, populacje, osady lub kraje. Komunikacja jest rozumiana jako coś więcej niż tylko przekazywanie i odbieranie informacji. Obejmuje również interakcję, wymianę wiedzy i doświadczenia oraz dyskusję. Pod kątem matematyki przeanalizowano model HDISI oparty na niejednorodnych równaniach różniczkowych (NDE) i przeprowadzono jego transcendentalne badanie. Transcendentalne badanie nieliniowych modeli HDISI w SM wykazało, że charakterystyka UDPC znacząco wpływa na wskaźnik bezpieczeństwa informacji (ISI) – nawet do stu procent. Zbadano diagramy fazowe (PDs) ISI, które wskazują na najwyższy ISI nawet przy maksymalnych parametrach złośliwych działań. Po raz pierwszy przeprowadzono analizę zaprojektowanych struktur HDISI i uzyskano kryteria liczbowe między możliwościami UDPC a miarami ISI, a także najwyższym ISI, co pokazuje naukową treść tego artykułu.

5

Threats and crisis events detection using machine learning techniques with social media data

Organiściak Patryk, Kuraś Paweł, Kowal Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2023

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T. 17

123--141

EN

In the paper, the authors present the outcome of web scraping software allowing for the automated classification of threats and crisis events detection. In order to improve the safety and comfort of human life, an analysis was made to quickly detect threats using a modern information channel such as social media. For this purpose, social media services that are popular in the examined region were reviewed and the appropriate ones were selected using the criteria of accessibility and popularity. Approximately 300 unique posts from local groups of cities and other administrative centers were collected and analyzed. The decision of which entry was classified as a threat was defined using the ChatGPT tool and the human expert. Both variants were tested using machine learning (ML) methods. The paper tested whether the ChatGPT tool would be effective at detecting presumed events and compared this approach to the classic ML approach.

PL

W artykule autorzy przedstawiają wyniki prac nad oprogramowaniem web scrapingowym pozwalającym na zautomatyzowaną klasyfikację zagrożeń i wykrywanie zdarzeń kryzysowych. W celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa i komfortu życia ludzi przeprowadzono analizę szybkiego wykrywania zagrożeń z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnego kanału informacyjnego jakim są media społecznościowe. W tym celu dokonano przeglądu popularnych w badanym regionie serwisów społecznościowych i wybrano odpowiednie, kierując się kryteriami dostępności i popularności. Zebrano i przeanalizowano około 300 unikalnych postów z lokalnych grup miast i innych ośrodków administracyjnych. Decyzja o tym, który wpis został sklasyfikowany jako zagrożenie, została określona przy użyciu narzędzia ChatGpt oraz przy udziale osoby (eksperta). Oba warianty zostały przetestowane przy użyciu metod uczenia maszynowego (ML). Dodatkowo, w artykule sprawdzono, czy narzędzie ChatGpt będzie skuteczne w wykrywaniu domniemanych zdarzeń i porównano to rozwiązanie z klasycznym podejściem ML, gdzie dane uczące etykietowano przy udziale ekspretra.

6

Social media in the public relations strategy of the cities of Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship

Radecka Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 174

207--216

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze trends and evaluate the role of social media in the public relations strategy of major cities of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. Selected aspects of the activities of Polish cities in social media (public relations, image activity, and the strategy of entities responsible for city communication on the Internet) were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: The research analyzed literature on the development of social media and its use by Polish cities. Compilations and reports covering users' online activity were analyzed. A survey was conducted by means of a Google questionnaire on groups associating residents of 3 cities in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship. Findings: Social media is becoming a tool for thoughtful creation and strengthening of the city's brand, as well as proper two-way communication. Thanks to the activities undertaken as part of agglomeration marketing, residents present in the virtual space should become true fans identifying with their place of residence, and through this, ambassadors of the place. Research limitations/implications: Future research may be related to the creation of mentoring programs in the area under study. Practical implications: The results of the survey can be used as input for designing training programs in the study area. Social implications: Social media marketing means promotion conducted through a variety of means. This forces city managers to be dynamically flexible and look for solutions that can optimize promotional and communication processes online. The challenge facing the management of such communications is not only to encourage people to look at these profiles more often, but also to increase interactivity. Originality/value: This article is mainly addressed to city managers who want to implement and improve the image strategy of the metropolis.

7

Management of sustainability knowledge of the Generation Z on social media

Pabian Arnold, Pabian Barbara

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 176

475--493

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present a model approach to knowledge management in the field of sustainability in social media and to discover whether social media properly fulfill their role in the key processes of this management in the case of generation Z. They include the acquisition, collection and development of knowledge, as well as its dissemination and use. Design/methodology/approach: The qualitative method was used in the research. Focus studies were conducted using the method of partially defined, focus group interviews. The authors adopted the principle of a posteriori research in close correlation with theoretical thinking, while recognizing the studied socio-cultural reality as a system of interrelated elements. The actual research was preceded by a critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the subject. Findings: The study found that, in terms of sustainability, young people are more likely to encounter content on social media about environmental issues and less likely to encounter content about social issues. Social media contribute to the growth of their interest in sustainability issues. The young generation requires that the content on sustainability posted on social media be understandable, easily digestible and not overloaded with facts. The authenticity of the presented content, a title that arouses curiosity and interesting graphics are important. Research limitations/implications: The study focused on young people. Another proposed line of research is therefore to include other age groups, such as the elderly and middle-aged people. Practical implications: The conclusions and solutions contained in the article may contribute to a better use of social media in managing the knowledge of the young generation in the field of sustainability. Social implications: This will positively influence the shaping of pro-environmental and prosocial attitudes and behaviours of the young generation and increase their activity in the area of sustainability. Originality/value: The model approach to the management of sustainability knowledge on social media presented in this article organises this area and identifies opportunities to better exploit its potential.

8

How the type of public benefit work in nonprofit organizations influences social media presence: an example from Facebook

Szamrowski Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 175

525--546

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to identify those nonprofit organizations that were characterized by the highest Facebook publication frequency, the highest number of Facebook followers and the highest average public reaction to the Facebook content. Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis was used to accomplish the research objectives. Findings: The results of the study clearly indicated that the nonprofit organizations with the most effective use of Facebook are those operating in the areas related to ecology, animal protection and protection of natural heritage. Research limitations/implications: There is a need for research on the basis of which it will be possible to find out whether, in fact, the high interest in organizations related to ecology, animal protection and protection of natural heritage and their Facebook profile has a psychological basis. Practical implications: The results of the research can be an important source of information for executives of nonprofit organizations in the utilization of social media in their day-to-day operations. Originality/value: This paper expands the knowledge of Facebook utilization in a specific group of Polish nonprofit organizations, i.e. those with the status of public benefit organizations.

9

Evolution of the use of social media by the local governments of the Lodzkie voivodship

Woźniakowski Mariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 174

417--430

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present changes in the use and basic advantages of social networks in communication of local government units on the example of cities in the Lodz voivodeship. Design/methodology/approach: The study consisted in analysing the content of the official websites belonging to the local governments of the individual cities of the Łódzkie Voivodeship in order to see how information on the social networks used (location of plug-ins) is made available and a review of active profiles on these sites was carried out in order to diagnose what content is published. The survey was conducted in December 2022. The results were cross¬referenced with the corresponding survey carried out in 2019 and 2020. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version). Findings: The study showed that out of the 44 cities analysed in the Łódzkie Voivodship, 42 use at least one social networking site. The most common is Facebook - 42 cities have a profile, followed by YouTube - 25, Instagram - 14 and Twitter 7. 3 cities have profiles on 4 sites at the same time, 11 have 3 official profiles on different social networking sites, while another 15 cities have 2 and 13 have one each. For 2 cities, no profiles were found on social networks. The content and frequency of publication on the profiles varies. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version). Research limitations/implications: The study did not take into consideration social networks which were less popular at the time of writing (e.g. TikTok - among the cities surveyed, only Łódź has an official profile there). The objectives of the communication activities of individual cities are not known. This may be part of further research through in-depth interviews with those responsible for promoting the cities. It is also possible to extend the research to cities of other voivodships and among the target recipients of communication activities in particular sites. Practical implications: On the basis of the author's audit of the communication activity of cities in the Łódzkie Voivodship on social networking sites, this article suggests that the use of social media is an appropriate tactic in cities' communication, both in the external promotional dimension and in communication with citizens due to the participatory, interactive and open nature of social media. Originality/value: The publication presents the results of research carried out on the basis of the author's audit of the activity of the cities of the Lodz voivodship in the social media.

10

CSR communication in social media – case study Grupy Azoty ZAK S.A.

Drozdowicz-Tomaszek Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

175--184

EN

Purpose: Communication is a vital tool in the process of building and shaping social relations, which affects the image and reputation of companies, including chemical companies. Communication, carried out in various ways, is a complex and dynamic process. In the context of social relations, communication is the basic tool and way of transmitting and receiving information. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the existing communication system in selected social media channels implemented by a chemical company in the context of corporate social responsibility. The article presents the communication processes in Grupa Azoty as a case study in social media in correlation with social responsibility activities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article applies a case study of Grupa Azoty ZAK S.A., along with the analysis of statistics collected from selected communication channels of Grupa Azoty ZAK S.A. In addition, direct interviews were conducted with employees of the organizational unit supervising communication processes to supplement the analysis. Findings: The interpretation of the indicators described for the purposes of this article proves, among other things, that there is a mutual dependence between CSR activities and communication in social media. The research showed that CSR posts are among the most popular publications, and the analysis of the characteristics of post themes shows the audience's interest in multimedia-based CSR-related posts. Furthermore, the research proves that CSR communication depends on the geopolitical situation, current topics arousing the greatest interest among the general public, and the world situation. Research Limitations/Implications: The analysis is based on a single case study. Practical Implications: Those responsible for communication in the organization should be aware of the needs and expectations of the local community, which affect the level of interest in the publication's topics, translating into a positive image of the company involved in activities that are very important from the point of view of the local community. Social Implications: Shaping social attitudes, building relationships that affect the image of a chemical company in social media is, therefore, an important and significant tool in broad and complex communication processes. Constant monitoring of statistical indicators of message recipients is a necessary activity to draw conclusions and recommendations for future actions. Companies can assess which communication channels to develop to adapt to global trends, how to attract new recipients, and how to build identity with the brand. Originality/Value: The presented research results concern the communication processes carried out in social media in the context of corporate social responsibility - a topic that is not widely studied.

11

Activity of Society 5.0 on social media vs self-esteem. Empirical study based on Instagram

Gwiaździński Emilian, Olejniczak Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 173

211--226

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to attempt to identify the relation between social media activity and self-esteem. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the purpose of the article, the study was carried out in the form of an online survey technique supported by an online questionnaire, created in the Microsoft Forms environment, on a sample of 300 individuals who possessed the characteristics of representatives of society 5.0. Findings: The conducted study indicated that there is a significant negative correlation of low strength between self-esteem measured by the RSES scale and activity on the Instagram app. In addition, we found that self-esteem depends on gender (men have significantly higher levels of self-esteem than women), while activity on the Instagram app depends on gender (women spend significantly more time on the Instagram app than men) and age. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of the survey conducted are the nonrandom sampling of individuals and the size of the study sample, which make it impossible to relate the results to the general population as a whole. In addition, the study was conducted taking into account only one social network, which was Instagram. This type of study makes it impossible to relate the results to the general population of various sites, or even social media. Future research should focus on taking into account the differences in activity between the available social networks, and should also take into account other determinants that may affect it in some direct or indirect way. Practical implications: The study conducted can be useful for brands communicating with users and promoting their products via social media. Companies can pay attention to the differences in the use of Instagram by young users and, based on this knowledge, create and then publish advertising content on the said platform. Social implications: The results of the study can make social media users - both viewers and creators - aware that showing an ideal life on the Instagram platform, can decrease the selfesteem of the recipients of these messages. Having this kind of information, it is worth considering whether online activity significantly alters behavior and lowers well-being, and whether the actions of creators are carried out in a sustainable manner. Originality/value: While most of the studies covering the topic covered focus on the Facebook platform or social media in general, this article focuses on the Instagram platform.

12

Znaczenie wsparcia państw zachodnich i organizacji międzynarodowych dla przebiegu wojny w Ukrainie

Pacek Piotr

Wiedza Obronna

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2023

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nr 1

77--101

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia znaczenia wsparcia udzielanego Ukrainie przez państwa zachodnie i organizacje międzynarodowe na przebieg konfliktu zbrojnego Rosji z Ukrainą w 2022 roku. By ukazać szerszy kontekst dotyczący procesu przedstawiona jest także chronologia wojny ukraińsko-rosyjskiej, zaczynając od zajęcia Krymu, poprzez separację Donbasu, początek inwazji i etap kijowski, wojnę pozycyjną, a kończąc na kontrofensywach charkowskiej i chersońskiej. W dalszej części przeanalizowana została pomoc Zachodu udzielana Ukrainie, ze wskazaniem państw, które pomogły najwięcej, w kategoriach pomocy wojskowej, humanitarnej, ekonomicznej, politycznej, ale także wsparcia uchodźców. Autorzy wysuwają tezę, że dla wielu podmiotów polityki międzynarodowej, w tym Unii Europejskiej, obecny konflikt można uznać za historyczny, gdyż po raz pierwszy w ramach wspólnej polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa zdecydowano się przekazać walczącej stronie śmiercionośną broń. Artykuł wskazuje ponadto, że choć wśród państw NATO zdecydowana większość opowiada się za wsparciem Ukrainy, to nie ma jednomyślności na temat ilości i jakości tej pomocy, co w przyszłości może doprowadzić do pewnych konfliktów wewnątrz sojuszu. Podkreślona zostaje również powszechna zgodność ekspertów obu stron konfliktu wskazujących, że bez wsparcia Zachodu Ukraina miałaby niewielkie szanse na zwycięstwo, a Rosja posiadałaby znaczną przewagę.

EN

The article attempts to present the impact of the support provided to Ukraine by Western countries and international organisations on the course of Russia's armed conflict with Ukraine in 2022. In order to present a broader context regarding the process, a timeline of the Ukraine-Russia war is presented, starting with the seizure of Crimea, the separation of Donbass, the beginning of the invasion and the Kiev phase, the positional war, and ending with the Kharkiv and Kherson counter-offensives. It goes on to analyse the aid provided by the West to Ukraine, with the indication of countries that proved most helpful, in terms of military, humanitarian, economic and political assistance, but also in refugee support. The authors put forward the thesis that for many international policy actors, including the European Union, the current conflict can be considered historic, as it is the first time that a decision was reached to hand over lethal weapons to a warring party as part of a common foreign and security policy. The article further points out that although there is a clear majority among NATO countries in favour of supporting Ukraine, there is no unanimity on the quantity and quality of this assistance, which could lead to certain conflicts within the alliance in the future. It also highlights the general consensus of experts on both sides of the conflict indicating that without Western support, Ukraine would have little chance of victory and Russia would have a significant advantage.

13

Rosyjska wojna hybrydowa w mediach społecznościowych na przykładzie

Kamionka Mateusz

Wiedza Obronna

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2023

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nr 1

63--76

PL

Społeczeństwa Europy (szczególnie młodzież) od dłuższego czasu stały się ofiarą wojny hybrydowej jaka została nieoficjalnie wypowiedziana im przez Federację Rosyjską. Szczególnie ważne jest to obecnie, gdy dziewiąty miesiąc trwa totalna wojna między Ukrainą a Rosją. To właśnie rządy krajów zachodnich z poparciem ich społeczeństw wspierają Ukraińców. W artykule autor pragnie przybliżyć mechanizm narracji propagandowej, jaki uwidacznia się w Internecie na przykładzie portalu społecznościowego Facebook. Analiza postów pomoże określić główne narracje propagandowe oraz pokaże sposób, w jaki wpływa na użytkowników wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Wyniki mogą potwierdzić tezy związane z zewnętrznym wpływem na kolektywną świadomość Europejczyków, a przy tym analiza jest istotnym wstępem do przyszłych szerszych badań.

EN

The societies of Europe (mostly youth) have long been victims of the Hybrid War declared unofficial by the Russian Federation. It is especially important today when the total war between Ukraine and Russia has been going on for 9 months, and it is the governments of Western countries with the support of their societies that support the Ukrainians. In the article, the author would like to present the mechanism of propaganda narrative on the Internet on the example of the Facebook social networking site. The analysis of the posts will help to define the main propaganda narratives and show how it is supposed to influence the internet users. The results can confirm the theses related to the external influence on the collective consciousness of Europeans, and at the same time the analysis is an interesting introduction to future broader research.

14

Threats to Military Institutions Arising from Operating in the Social Media Environment

Kowalik Renata, Zawół Ewa

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2023

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Vol. 14, Nr 3 (53)

131--148

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the scale of the effect that using the Internet can have on national security, and to raise awareness about the use of social media. The lack of security on the Internet or any regulations of law applicable to it must make us aware of the types of threats that originate from using the mobile apps, social media, and instant messengers that play a major role in our lives. Information security, construed as protection of information against inadvertent or wilful disclosure, modification, or enabling its processing or destruction, can be viewed from a technological and cognitive standpoint. The phenomenon of social media is driven by the human need for belonging, respect, and recognition. We seek acceptance from others, and not necessarily from our closest circles. This, in turn triggers a stimulus to share everything we do in the public space. The latest electronic devices make it possible to precisely locate their users. Online posts that we publish without understanding what could be garnered from them can be useful to a potential adversary. With the problem characterised like this, it can be anticipated that exploitation of social media can be a source of threats to national security. The hazards are becoming increasingly pertinent to the security of the military institutions that use the attributes of social media. This paper is an overview aimed at structuring and presenting the collected knowledge and raising awareness of social media in the context of the national security of military institutions. This paper uses theoretical research methods that include generalisation, analysis, synthesis, and inference.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie skali zjawiska wpływu korzystania z internetu na potencjalne bezpieczeństwo kraju a także podniesienie świadomości w zakresie używania mediów społecznościowych. Brak bezpieczeństwa w sieci i uregulowań prawnych w w/w temacie musi nam uświadomić, jakiego rodzaju zagrożenia płyną z korzystania z aplikacji, mediów społecznościowych oraz komunikatorów, które odgrywają znaczącą rolę w naszym życiu. Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne – rozumiane jako ochrona informacji przed przypadkowym lub świadomym ujawnieniem, modyfikacją, umożliwieniem jej przetwarzania lub zniszczenia może być rozpatrywane w ujęciu technologicznym jak i kognitywnym. Fenomen mediów społecznościowych wykorzystuje potrzeby przynależności, szacunku i uznania. Szukamy akceptacji innych osób, nie do końca z naszego najbliższego otoczenia. To z kolei wyzwala w nas impuls dzielenia się w przestrzeni publicznej wszystkim co robimy. Nowoczesne urządzenia pozwalają na precyzyjną lokalizację ich użytkownika. Wpisy internetowe, które publikujemy nie mając wiedzy na temat tego, co można z nich wywnioskować, są czymś co może być wykorzystane przez potencjalnego adwersarza. Przy tak przedstawionej charakterystyce należy antycypować, że eksploatowanie mediów społecznościowych może być źródłem zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa państwa. Korzystając z atrybutów mediów społecznościowych zagrożenia te coraz częściej dotyczą bezpieczeństwa instytucji wojskowych. Zaprezentowana publikacja jest artykułem przeglądowym, a jej celem jest uporządkowanie i przedstawienie zebranej wiedzy a także szerzenie wiadomości w zakresie mediów społecznościowych w kontekście bezpieczeństwa państwa w ramach instytucji wojskowych. W artykule wykorzystano teoretyczne metody badawcze, takie jak: uogólnienie, analiza, synteza i wnioskowanie.

15

Wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych w procesie budowania marki pracodawcy

Lendzion Jarosław

Journal of Management Challenges

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2023

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No. 2

17--39

PL

Aktualnie zauważane zmiany w otoczeniu przedsiębiorstw przyczyniły się do wzrostu zainteresowania marką pracodawcy oraz metodyką jej tworzenia, a także unowocześnienia stosowanych przez firmy rozwiązań w tym obszarze zarządzania . Employer branding, marka pracodawcy, opisuje reputację pracodawcy jako miejsca pracy i jego propozycję wartości dla pracowników, w przeciwieństwie do bardziej ogólnej marki korporacyjnej i reputacji klientów. Efektywne dotarcie do kandydatów poszukujących pracy wymaga stosowania odpowiednich, dopasowanych do odbiorców narzędzi, które powinny uwzględniać doświadczenie i status kandydata, preferowane sposoby komunikowania się z otoczeniem, czy też wyznawane wartości życiowe. Szybki rozwój mediów społecznościowych sprawił, że stały się one jednym z najważniejszych narzędzi wykorzystywanych w procesie budowania marki pracodawcy. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobów włączenia mediów społecznościowych w proces budowaniu marki pracodawcy.

EN

The currently observed changes in the environment of enterprises have contributed to the increased interest in the employer brand and the methodology of its creation, as well as the modernization of the solutions used by companies in this area of management. corporate and customer reputation. Effectively reaching candidates looking for a job requires the use of appropriate tools tailored to the recipients, which should take into account the candidate's experience and status, preferred ways of communicating with the environment, or professed life values. The rapid development of social media has made it one of the most important tools used in the employer branding process. The purpose of this article is to present ways of including social media in the process of building an employer brand.

16

Comparative analysis of social media accessibility

Bocheński Bartosz Henryk

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2023

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Vol. 26

23--28

EN

The paper assesses the accessibility compliance level of social media websites and their usability in terms of universal design. The study was performed on “reddit” and a social media website created by the author of the article for the express purpose of meeting the WCAG requirements as closely as possible, named “Twittn’t”. The analysis has been performed with the use of a survey study, an automated WAVE tool and an eye-tracker. The research groups consisted of fifteen and twenty people for survey and eye-tracker study respectively. The test results have shown strong correlation between usability of the social media website interface and number of its WCAG errors.

PL

W artykule zbadano poziom dostępności mediów społecznościowych i ich funkcjonalność pod względem projektowania uniwersalnego. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na stronie „reddit” oraz medium społecznościowym stworzonym na potrzeby artykułu, spełniającym zalecenia WCAG w najwyższym możliwym stopniu, nazwanym „Twittn’t”.Analiza stron została przeprowadzona przy pomocą ankiety, automatycznego narzędzia WAVE oraz okulografu. Grupy badawcze zawierały 15 osób w przypadku ankiety oraz 20 w przypadku badania okulograficzengo.Wyniki badań wykazały silną korelację między użytecznością interfejsu mediów społecznościowych i liczbą błędów WCAG.

17

Marketing cyfrowy w branży surowcowej – Case Study

Kowal Barbara, Świątek Iga

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 1

321--325

PL

Działania podejmowane przez obecnie działające przedsiębiorstwa w ramach marketingu cyfrowego stają się coraz bardziej ich codziennością. Od czasu pandemii stanowią główną formę kontaktu z klientem, dlatego są tak niezmiernie ważne w działalności każdego przedsiębiorstwa. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia przeprowadzoną analizę działań marketingowych prowadzonych przez wybrane pięć przedsiębiorstw surowcowych w zakresie marketingu cyfrowego. Badania objęły strony internetowe oraz aktywności analizowanych przedsiębiorstw w mediach społecznościowych. Pokazały jakie działania są podejmowane przez przedsiębiorstwa, czy osiągają one wysoki poziom zaangażowania odbiorców na portalach, na których istnieją oraz co należałoby zrobić, aby wykorzystanie marketingu cyfrowego było skuteczniejsze.

EN

Activities undertaken by currently operating enterprises as part of digital marketing are becoming more and more their daily routine. Since the pandemic, they have been the main form of contact with the client, which is why they are so important in the operation of every company. This article presents an analysis of marketing activities carried out by five selected raw materials companies in the field of digital marketing. The research covered websites and activities of the analyzed enterprises in social media. They showed what actions are taken by enterprises, whether they achieve a high level of audience involvement on the portals where they exist and what should be done to make the use of digital marketing more effective.

18

Wystąpienia publiczne to okazja, a nie kara

Skorupka-Kaczmarek Magdalena

Forum Eksploatatora

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2023

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Nr 4 (125)

16-17

PL

Odprawy w pracy, udział w konferencjach, prezentowanie raportów, prowadzenie szkoleń, udzielanie wywiadów - wszystkie rodzaje wystąpień publicznych stanowią szansę, aby zaprezentować własny profesjonalizm i wypromować swoją działalność. Aby tak się stało, należy dobrze się przygotować i konsekwentnie ćwiczyć.

19

Wpływ mediów społecznościowych na powstanie instaspotów oraz poszukiwanie ich związków z tradycyjnymi przestrzeniami ekspozycyjnymi na przykładzie wybranych lokalizacji na Górnym Śląsku

Komar Beata, Lenarcik-Hilmer Michalina

Builder

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2023

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R.27, nr 5

44--49

PL

Zjawisko poszukiwania miejsc do wykonywania zdjęć w celu umieszczenia ich w mediach społecznościowych przyczyniło się do powstania pojęcia instaspotu. Celem badań jest znalezienie związków między instaspotami a przestrzeniami ekspozycyjnymi występującymi w instytucjach kultury prowadzących działalność wystawienniczą. Metodyka badań opiera się na studiach literaturowych, kwerendzie internetu oraz wizjach lokalnych w wybranych instaspotach, co pozwoliło na określenie różnic i podobieństw między instaspotami a tradycyjnymi przestrzeniami wystawienniczymi. Na podstawie trzech studiów przypadków można zauważyć, że pełnią podobne funkcje: komercyjną, integracyjną i rozrywkową, a funkcjonowanie obydwu z nich sprzyja powstawaniu relacji i więzi społecznych. Główna różnica między nimi polega na wartościach, jakie promują.

EN

The phenomenon of searching for places to take photos in order to place them on social media contributed to the creation of the concept of Insta Spot. The aim of the research is to find connections between Insta Spots and exhibition spaces in cultural institutions conducting exhibition activities. The research methodology is based on literature studies, an Internet query and local visions in selected Insta Spots, which allowed to determine the differences and similarities between Insta Spots and traditional exhibition spaces. Based on three case studies, it can be seen that they perform similar functions: commercial, integration and entertainment, and the functioning of both of them is conducive to the formation of relationships and social ties. The main difference between them lies in the values they promote.

20

Tourists’ motivations for using social media

Hysa Beata, Karasek Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 161

23--36

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the paper is to determine whether latent variables (constructs) regarding tourists' motivations can be found in the studied social media use behaviour of tourists. Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out via an on-line survey questionnaire. Responses to questions were measured on a nominal or ordinal scale. Factor analysis was used in the data analysis. The subject of the study involves the use of social media by tourists and analyses their motivation. Findings: Tourists’ motivators for using social media were identified and these are: 1) Visibility in the crowd, 2) Obtaining information about nearby events, 3) Building relationships with the local community, 4) Relying on the opinions of others. Research limitations/implications: The study was carried out only in one country. There are plans to expand the study area in the future in order to make international comparisons. Moreover, motivators were not identified by age group, which is planned in future studies. Practical implications: Identification of tourists’ motivation to use social media enables city managers, tourism organisations and tourism facility managers to have a targeted impact on tourist behaviour. These activities can result in the desired objectives being achieved, e.g. relations between tourists and the local community will be built. This will also enable the identification of people who are motivated to be visible in the crowd and offer them cooperation in the promotion of tourist destinations or attractions. Social implications: Identification of tourists’ motivators will make it possible to influence tourists in such a way that they will participate in solving problems of the local community or provide information on situations requiring intervention in the area of tourist attractions. Originality/value: New insights on latent variables concerning tourists’ motivation when using social media have been provided. The paper is addressed to city managers, tourism organisations and tourism facility managers what will help them to improve the quality of provided services.