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1

Define the type of tribological wear of high speed steel remelted with the electric arc with the usage of the confocal microscope

Dziedzic A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 12, iss. 2

153-158

EN

The paper presents the possibility of the usage of the concfocal microscope for define the type of tribological wear present during the technical dry friction on the testing machine of the pin-on-disc T-01M. The pin was a remelted high-speed steel and the disc was made from sintered carbides. The surface layer of the high-speed steel was remelted with the electric arc with different parameters. The intensity of the electric arc current was changed, the scanning speed and the single, overlapping remeltings were used. On the basis of the 3D, 2D view of the surface friction of the pin (made from the remelted high-speed steel), disc (made from the sintered carbides) and the surface roughness profile run along the marked line, the presence of the abrasive wear can be defined with the description of the elementary wear processes due to the abrasive and/or adhesive wear.

2

The influence of remelting parameters of the electric arc and conventional tempering on the tribological resistance of high speed steel HS 6-5-2

Dziedzic A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 11, iss. 3

31-34

EN

The present thesis depicts the results of the research of tribological high speed steel HS 6-5-2 remelted with the electric arc. Steel was remelted with different parameters. The amperage of electric arc was changed, the scanning speed was changed and the single, overlapping remeltings were used. There was also the influence of conventional tempering defined, which was conducted after remelting on the tribological resistance of hardened steel. For the previously mentioned processing variants, the intensity of tribological wear was defined and the linear wear were presented, and the friction coefficients. The type of tribological wear was also given, present during the friction, technically dry, of the hardened steel. The lower intensity of tribological wear was received for the single remelting by electric arc of 50 and 70A. Using the overlapping remeltings for the strengening of the surface layer of the high speed steel HS 6-5-2 causes the increase of the intensity of tribological wear in comparison to the steel with the single remelting. The conventional tempering leads to the decrease of the intensity of tribological wear.

3

The influence of amperage of electric arc on microhardness in the area single and overlapping remeltings of HS 6-5-2 steel

Dziedzic A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 11, iss. 3

35-38

EN

The present thesis depicts the microhardness of HV0,065 surface layer of high speed steel HS6-5-2 remelted with the electric arc. There were different surface layer variants of remelting used - the amperage was changed from 50 to 120A with the stable scanning speed of 300mm/min. There was also the influence of overlapping of the remeltings on the microhardness result. The highest average microhardness of the surface layer of high speed steel HS6-5-2 amounting 1100 HV0,065 was achieved by using the amperage of electric arc of 50 A. The overlapping of remeltings is connected with the possibility of occurence of the microhardness decrease in the area of overlapping of the heat influence zone of second remelting (another remelting) on the first remelting (the previous one).

4

The influence of tempering on the microstructure and microhardeness of HS 6-5-2 steel in the area of overlapping remelting obtained with the use of the GTAW method

Dziedzic A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.

335--338

EN

There have been results of the metallographic research and the measurements of the microhardness of the surface layer of the high speed steel HS 6-5-2 presented from the areas of overlapping remelting. Remelting of the surface layer of the steel was made with the electric arc. After the remelting, there was the conventional tempering done 2x2 hours in the temperature of 560 °C. There is a result from the research that in the area of overlapping of the heat influence zone of the second remelting (HIZ2) on the first remelting zone (R1) there is a decrease of the microhardness. Conducting the conventional tempering causes the increase of microhardness, but it does not change the shape of the microhardness curve. The material included in the paper is the attempt of the answer for the question, in which attempt and why is there a decrease of microhardness of the surface layer of the steel, mentioned above.

5

Tribological resistance of high speed steel HS 6-5-2 remelted with electric arc

Dziedzic A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 3

41-44

EN

The intensity of tribological wear of the high speed steel HS 6-5-2 remelted with the GTAW method has been compared to the heat treatment steel in a conventional way. Moreover, the types of the wear appeared during the friction. The tribiological research, were done in the technically dry friction conditions on a testing machine of the pin-on-disc T-01M. The smallest intensity of wear was shown by the high speed steel remelted with the parameters leading to obtain the biggest speed of cooling of the molten metal. The main wear type appearing during the research, was the abrasion and adhesive wear.

6

Wpływ warunków ekspandowania na mechaniczne właściwości nasion amarantusa

Markowski M., Zapotoczny P., Ratajski A., Konopko H.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2003

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R. 7, nr 7

93--100

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu temperatury powietrza oraz masowego wydatku ekspandowanych nasion amarantusa na przebieg testów osiowego ściskania pojedynczych nasion oraz warstwy nasion w komorze Kramera. Otrzymane wyniki świadczą o tym, że wraz ze wzrostem temperatury ekspandowania nasiona staja się „słabsze”, tzn. doznają określonych odkształceń liniowych przy mniejszych wartościach obciążenia. Natomiast wpływ masowego wydatku surowca na właściwości mechaniczne ekspandowanych nasion amarantusa nie jest jednoznaczny.

EN

Paper presented the experimental results concerning the effect of air temperature and mass output of expanded amaranth seeds on the course of axial compression tests of single seeds and seed beds in the Kramer's chamber. It was stated that along with increase of expanding temperature the seeds became "weaker", i. e. they sustain determined linear deformations at smaller loads applied. However, the influence of mass output of the material on mechanical features of expanded amaranth seeds was not unique.

7

Residual macrostresses of metal plates after laser forming

Skrzypek S. J., Baczmański A., Wesołowski Z., Zowczak W.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 5

843-845

EN

Surface is characterised by its tension, viscosity, energy, residual stresses and mechanical features like roughness etc. The residual stress as a component of total stress is very important property of thin films, coatings and surface layers. Non-destructive and non-reference diffraction methods of measurement are suiable for surface examinations. New approach in surface residual stress determination can be achieved using g-square sin psi method i.e. new version of square sin psi method adapted to grazing angle incidence X-ray diffraction geometry. This new approach was applied to residual macro-stresses measurement in workpieces by laser forming.

PL

Właściwości powierzchni określane są przez napięcie powierzchniowe, energię, naprężenia własne oraz przez geometryczne cechy jak falistość i gładkość. Naprężenia własne szczególnie dotyczą warstw powierzchniowych i cienkich filmów. Ich poziom może sięgać granicy plastyczności. Nieniszczące i bezwzorcowe metody dyfrakcyjne są odpowiednimi narzędziami do badań powierzchni. Do pomiaru makro-naprężeń własnych po laserowej i bezdotykowej deformacji zastosowano nową metodę g-sin kwadrat psi, w której wykorzystano dyfrakcję w geometrii stałego kąta padania.