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EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to create a simulation model of a packing line in an e-commerce activity from the perspective of a logistics operator, along with identifying recommendations for further model improvement as part of digital transformation. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses results obtained by simulation analysis of a computer model of a process built in BPMN 2.0 notation. Data for the model was collected from process analysis, analysis of data obtained from WMS and sensors on the packaging line and from participant observation in the process. Findings: Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the logistics operator is able to create a simulation model of the process and optimise its operations using the simulation results. The model presented can also be the basis for building a Digital Twin in the distribution network for e-commerce flows. Practical implications: The logistics operator can extend its package of services to include the construction of simulation models and, in future, can also take on the task of creating value for the network on the basis of the Digital Twin created. Originality/value: The paper presents a real-life case study related to the first phase of Digital Twin implementation, namely the creation of a simulation model to create value in the flows and improve the logistics processes involved in serving the e-commerce market.
2
Content available Innovation management in third-party logistics
EN
Purpose: The main purpose of the following article is to present the implementation process of interactive platform to exchange the information about innovations in the chosen international third-party company. The main identified problem is the problem connected with insufficient knowledge about innovation possible to use and even innovation already in use in the different logistics platforms when the need of its usage appears. Design/methodology/approach: Identified problem was connected with the not enough knowledge of current innovation in use or in consideration. The different platforms in the different regions or countries were not aware about technological solutions used in the whole organization and waste time and human power for searching the suitable solutions and solutions suppliers for the regional activity. Needs in this case were identified among the managers. The 60 managers from Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia were asked about the preferred user requirements of such a tool. Findings: The proposed platform allowed implementation in the 3PL company structure the knowledge about innovation flow and make such information highly available. Currently, the innovations in the filed of 3PL activity were divided into main categories as follows: picking, packing, transportation, internal transportation, sustainable solutions, quality control, reverse logistics and claims, warehousing and Big Data analysis. A presented case study was implemented in the activity of an international 3PL company which gain the awareness of innovations which are used in the different regions or which were considered to use. Originality/value: In the following research paper were presented the knowledge about innovation sharing platform for logistics operator to facilitate their activity connected with innovations implementation and as a result to provide the logistics services in the more efficient way.
EN
Purpose: Main aim of the following paper is to present the conception of logistics coordination from the point of view of transportation actions from the perspective of the international 3PL company. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper used the case study based on the case of chosen international 3PL, where the distribution network was analyzed. Findings: 3PL is able to support the transportation planning operation in the considered distribution network by using a developed cloud-based infrastructure that supports demand forecasting tool and transportation planning. Originality/value: Paper connects the one function of logistics coordination – transportation planning – with the demand forecasting tool and the issues of 3PL. It is also shown the case study with implemented solution based on cloud infrastructure to support the transportation operations.
EN
The paper deals with the concept of centralized demand forecasting and logistical coordination in distribution networks. The aim of the paper is to relate the results provided by the forecasting tools to the basic aspects of logistical coordination. The case of 29 distribution networks in which a logistics operator (3PL) operates and provides contract logistics services to a manufacturing company is analysed. The paper partially confirms the hypothesis of better testability of forecasts based on machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks for demand planning by the logistics operator to the manufacturer in the framework of logistics coordination in the distribution network. These algorithms perform better for networks with high specificity of flows and food networks. Traditional algorithms, on the other hand, have their better share in creating forecasts for more standard distribution networks. Addi tionally, the second hypothesis regarding the positive influence of modern technological solutions (such as the use of cloud technologies, EDI and flow tracking standards) was confirmed. Additionally, a number of factors that did not have a direct impact on forecasting errors were detailed.
EN
Relating to the accelerated development in the world of business, third-party logistics (3PL) providers have globally become a prevalent practice among many organizations, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). According to extant studies, the most common four logistics services usually provided through 3PLs (outsourced) are: delivery service, supplying, warehousing, and transportation services. With that being said, this paper presents an analysis of the SME outsourcing practice among a sample of Jordanian trading companies and the posited impact on the performance of their outsourcing efforts.
EN
This paper aims to analyse the planning of chemical transports shift from road to the more complex multimodal freight transport, and presents a toolbox developed to support the participants in the process. In literature the research problem of multimodal freight transport planning is analysed mainly from mathematical models’ perspective. There is a lack of studies focused on multimodal transport chain collaboration and the tools supporting it. Within the framework of research conducted during the ChemMultimodal „Promotion of Multimodal Transport in Chemical Logistics” project, within INTERREG Central Europe Programme, the research team identified challenges related to modal shifts in the chemical industry, and next developed the toolbox addressing these challenges and supporting participants’ collaboration on multimodal chemical freight transport planning. The toolbox embraces: (1) consulting services, (2) planning guidelines, (3) the Intermodal Links platform, which suggests intermodal connections between two points, and (4) a CO2 calculator. Conclusions from the first pilot tests showed the necessity of a complex approach to the process of modal shift planning. Transport managers testing the toolbox the most appreciated the consulting services, which include a marketing platform integrating chemical producers and distributors, logistics companies, carriers, terminal operators, rail network operators and others. This platform is used to share information on current transport patterns, existing potentials, and possible actions to establish and promote modal shift.
7
EN
Background: To fight against climate change, the EU is committed to the world's most ambitious climate and energy targets, i.e. CO2 reduction at least 20% by the year 2020 and 80-95% by 2050, in reference to 1990. This paper aims to look at the problem of freight transport emissions' measurement and management in order to reduce CO2. The focus is on the chemical industry itself. The authors try to answer following research questions: (i) Do chemical and logistics companies in Poland measure and manage freight transport emissions? (ii) Where do they see the biggest challenges to emissions' management and how do they address them? (iii) Is a toolbox facilitating modal shift able to increase the usage of multimodal transport by chemical and logistics companies? Methods: The research problem is investigated using a two-stage effort. Stage one is structured, in-depth interviews conducted among chemical and logistics companies operating in Poland. The results of this stage have provided the base for the toolbox developed to facilitate the modal shift in chemical transports. Stage two presents the results of the toolbox's beta-version tests conducted among chemical companies in Poland in 2017. Results: Within the findings, the authors diagnose the obstacles which prevent companies from multimodal transport, and present toolbox consisting of: consulting services, multimodal planning guidelines, IT visualization, and CO2 calculator. The toolbox facilitates transport partners' cooperation on shifting chemical freight from road to multimodal. Conclusions: With technological developments, which strongly influence shippers and transport providers and offer improvement opportunities in efficient transport management, the topic of freight transport emissions' measurement and management in order to reduce CO2 should be investigated in more detail.
PL
Wstęp: Chcąc walczyć ze zmianami klimatycznymi, UE zobowiązała się do realizacji ambitnych celów klimatycznych i energetycznych, tj. redukcji CO2 o co najmniej 20% do 2020 roku i 80-95% do 2050 roku, w odniesieniu do 1990 roku. Celem tego artykułu jest spojrzenie na problem pomiaru i zarządzania emisjami w transporcie towarów w celu ograniczenia emisji CO2. Artykuł koncentruje się na przemyśle chemicznym. Autorzy starają się odpowiedzieć na następujące pytania badawcze: (i) Czy firmy chemiczne i logistyczne w Polsce mierzą i zarządzają emisjami transportu towarowego? (ii) Gdzie widzą największe wyzwania związane z zarządzaniem emisjami i jak je adresują? (iii) Czy zestaw narzędzi ułatwiających zamianę gałęzi transportu, przyczyni się do zwiększenia wykorzystania transportu multimodalnego przez firmy chemiczne i logistyczne? Metody: Problem badawczy jest analizowany dwustopniowo. Pierwszy etap to ustrukturyzowane, pogłębione wywiady przeprowadzone wśród firm chemicznych i logistycznych działających w Polsce. Wyniki tego etapu posłużyły do przygotowania narzędzia ułatwiającego zamianę gałęzi transportu chemicznego. Drugi etap prezentuje wyniki testów beta wersji narzędzia wspierającego zamianę transportu drogowego chemii na transport multimodalny, które to testy przeprowadzono wśród firm chemicznych w Polsce w 2017 roku. Wyniki: Autorzy dokonali diagnozy przeszkód uniemożliwiających firmom transport multimodalny oraz przygotowali i przedstawili narzędzie obejmujące: usługi konsultingowe, wytyczne do zmiany gałęzi, wizualizację IT rozwiązania multimodalnego oraz kalkulator CO2. Celem narzędzia jest ułatwienie współpracy partnerów w zakresie zamiany transportu drogowego towarów chemicznych na transport multimodalny. Wnioski: Ze względu na zmiany technologiczne, które mają znaczny wpływ na załadowców i dostawców usług transportowych oraz oferują możliwości usprawnienia zarządzania transportem, należy bardziej szczegółowo zbadać kwestię pomiaru i zarządzania emisjami transportu towarowego w celu ograniczenia emisji CO2.
8
EN
Background: Recent technology development and the rise of e-commerce activities influenced changes in the logistics field and have "forced" companies to change their approach to logistics. On the other side, we are witnessing new developments in logistics service providers and their transformation. Competitiveness today doesn't depend only on price but also on customer service and delivery time. This can be influenced by the implementation of modern methods in logistics. Thus, logistics service providers in the global market are looked at as business partners and the relationship with logistics service company is considered as a partnership. Because of the development in technology e-logistics concept has become more frequently used since it gives concepts for information sharing and information transparency within partners within supply chains. Thus, one of the important tasks of e-logistics is to share information with its partners and with that, it can have an influence on their competitiveness. The main aim of the paper is to show that the right logistics service provider in the modern supply chain can help companies to gain and maintain competitiveness and especially by using different modern digital tools in doing business. Methods: Paper has been written based on the analyses of the reviewed literature together with determining potential influence e-logistics and e-SCM have on company's competitiveness. The case of DHL included in this study has been selected to present potentials which e-logistics have on creating a competitive advantage. Results: Research results show that use of advanced logistics operator can help companies in increasing their competitiveness in today's market. Conclusions: Customer experience, new entrants, technology collaboration vs. competition are major characteristics of the new trend and logistics service providers will need to adapt to these changes. Improved running in one of the previously mentioned areas will create and maintain the company's competitiveness and as more modern technological tools and solutions will be used, companies will be able to have more benefits.
PL
Wstęp: Rozwój technologii, który postępuje w ostatnim czasie oraz wzrost aktywności związane z e-commerce, wymusza zmiany w obszarze logistyki jak również podejście wielu firm do obszaru związanego z logistyką. Z drugiej strony można obecnie zaobserwować rozwój dostawców usług logistycznych i ich przekształcenia. W obecnych czasach konkurencyjność nie polega jedynie na cenie ale również na jakości usług oraz czasie realizacji. Wpływa to również na wdrażanie nowoczesnych metod w logistyce. W związku z rozwojem technologii, koncepcja e-logistyki jest coraz częściej wdrażana, umożliwiając wymianę informacji oraz jej przejrzystość dla wszystkich uczestników łańcucha dostaw. Dlatego też jednym z najważniejszych zadań w-logistyka jest przekaz informacji pomiędzy partnerami, co wpływa na ich konkurencyjność. Celem tej pracy jest zaprezentowanie właściwej postawy dostawcy usług logistycznych we współczesnym łańcuchu dostaw, która może pomóc uzyskać firmom przewagę konkurencyjną poprzez między innymi stosowanie najnowszych rozwiązań technologicznych. Metody: Na podstawie przeglądu literatury dokonano analizy obecnej sytuacji, następnie określono wpływ e-logistyki oraz e-SCM na konkurencyjność firmy. Na przykładzie firmy DHL zaprezentowano potencjalne korzyści e-logistyki dla podwyższenia przewagi konkurencyjnej. Wyniki: Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na uzyskanie przewagi konkurencyjnej przez operatora logistycznego, stosującego zaawansowane rozwiązania technologiczne. Wnioski: Doświadczenie klienta, nowi użytkownicy, współpraca w zakresie używanych technologii versus konkurencyjność to główne elementy charakteryzujące nowy trend, który muszą wdrożyć do swojej praktyki dostawcy usług logistycznych. Poprawa w którymkolwiek z powyższej wymienionych obszarów stwarza możliwość do utrzymania konkurencyjność firmy. Wraz ze wzrostem stosowanych nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych, firmy uzyskują więcej korzyści.
EN
A large number of criteria, the very diverse use of terminology and different classifications of criteria used to select a logistics service provider (LSP) reflect the lack of consensus in defining criteria. Moreover, whether the criteria are consistent with external requirements has not been analysed, which are vitally important for the success and competitiveness of the supply chain. This paper therefore presents a carefully prepared and evaluated classification system of criteria aligned with the requirements of the external environment. A multi-stage methodological approach was used. Selection criteria obtained from the systematic review of literature were first carefully analysed to find potential shortcomings. After that, a cluster method was used to reduce the numer of criteria and to aggregate similar criteria. A Pareto analysis (75/25 rule) was further used to rank the criteria according to their frequency of use and consequently according to importance. The obtained categories of criteria (vitally important criteria (C1), very important criteria (C2), important criteria (C3) and less important criteria (C4), using the AHP method, were compared by the experts to define their weights. This paper summarizes and extends the recent literature through a six-step methodological approach and proposes a new classification system of selection criteria.
EN
Background: Nowadays LSPs face an increasingly competitive environment in which a strategy to focus on existing customers by satisfying and sustaining them has been proved to be more successful than trying to get the small share of customers that have not yet outsourced any logistics activities. To be able to keep and grow the customers, LSPs have to overcome a number of barriers, align with customers and innovate. However, there is still a lack of understanding when, with what type of customers, and how LSPs can effectively leverage customer integration within Innovation Alignment for successful innovation. The purpose of the paper is to: present the concept of logistics innovation and its role in creating customer satisfaction, point a number of barriers to LSPs' innovativeness, and analyze the role and characteristics of relationship innovation alignment when developing and implementing innovative logistics services. Methods: The research adopts a two-stage effort, with Stage 1 being focus groups with LSPs and their customers, and Stage 2 being a theory-testing survey. Up to now, focus groups, survey development, and survey pre-tests with LSPs senior executives have been completed. Conducting the survey and collecting data is in progress. To illustrate the preliminary findings from the American market, case studies in the European surrounding, describing cooperation between LSPs and their customers on logistics innovations, were prepared. Results: Aligning with a customer when pursuing something new is a crucial success factor in logistics sector, especially when pursuing and developing a radical tailored service innovation. The Innovation Alignment should embrace managerial as well as relational mechanisms. Conclusions: LSPs, compared to other industries, are not very innovative. However, logistics managers should try to overcome barriers and proactively develop and implement logistics service innovations. The preliminary results of the research have already shown that integrating customers into the logistics innovation process could increase their satisfaction and enhance the innovation performance of LSP.
PL
Wstęp: Współcześnie operatorzy logistyczni funkcjonują w bardzo konkurencyjnym środowisku, w którym strategia koncentracji na dotychczasowych klientach, zaspokojeniu ich potrzeb i dzięki temu zatrzymaniu ich, okazuje się być bardziej skuteczna niż próba pozyskania nowych zleceniodawców, którzy nigdy wcześniej nie współpracowali z operatorami logistycznymi. Praktyka pokazuje, iż, dążąc do zatrzymania i zwiększania udziału w kieszeni klienta, operatorzy logistyczni muszą pokonać szereg barier, wejść w sojusz z klientami i stać się innowacyjni. Głównym pytaniem badawczym jest kiedy, z jakiego typu klientami i w jaki sposób operatorzy powinni współpracować, aby osiągnąć sukces innowacyjny. Celem artykułu jest: zaprezentowanie koncepcji innowacji logistycznych oraz ich roli w kreowaniu satysfakcji klienta, wskazanie na liczne bariery na drodze do innowacyjności operatorów logistycznych oraz przeanalizowanie roli i elementów składowych relacyjnego sojuszu innowacyjnego, gdy operator rozwija i wdraża innowacyjne usługi logistyczne. Metody: Badanie składa się z dwóch etapów: fazy pierwszej - zogniskowanych wywiadów z operatorami logistycznymi i ich klientami oraz fazy drugiej - kwestionariusza ankietowego, pozwalającego przetestować model współpracy nad innowacją. Do chwili obecnej przeprowadzono zogniskowane wywiady, przygotowano kwestionariusz ankiety oraz pilotaż ankiety wśród naczelnej kadry kierowniczej wybranych operatorów logistycznych. Zbieranie danych jest w trakcie. Celem zilustrowania wstępnych wyników badań prowadzonych na rynku amerykańskim, opracowano europejskie studia przypadków opisujące współpracę operatorów logistycznych z ich klientami nad innowacją. Wyniki: Sojusz z klientem, gdy firma wypracowuje innowacje jest ważnym czynnikiem sukcesu w usługach logistycznych, zwłaszcza w pracy nad radykalną usługą innowacyjną szytą na miarę potrzeb klienta. Sojusz innowacyjny powinien obejmować zarządcze i relacyjne mechanizmy. Wnioski: Operatorzy logistyczni, w porównaniu do innych branż, są raczej mało innowacyjni. Jednakże menedżer logistyczny powinien spróbować pokonać te bariery i proaktywnie opracować i wdrożyć innowacyjne usługi logistyczne. Wstępne wyniki badań pokazały, że włączenie klientów w proces innowacji logistycznej może spowodować wzrost satysfakcji klienta i poprawić wynik innowacyjny operatora logistycznego.
Logistyka
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2015
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nr 6
968--974, CD
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba rozpoznania perspektyw rozwoju współpracy usługodawców logistycznych z MŚP. Przeprowadzone badania empiryczne wskazały dwa kierunki rozwoju wspomnianej współpracy. Z jednej strony mowa o dalszym zainteresowaniu usługami podstawowymi z zakresu transportu i magazynowania. Z drugiej strony wskazuje się wzrost zainteresowania obsługą z udziałem czynności intelektualnych i informacyjnych. Nie wydaje się jednak, iż w kilkuletniej perspektywie nastąpi znacząca zmiana udziału poszczególnych typów obsługi logistycznej świadczonej na rzecz MŚP.
EN
The purpose of the article is an attempt to identify the perspectives of development of cooperation between LSP and SMEs. The conducted empirical research showed two directions of the development of mentioned cooperation. On the one hand, it refers to the further interest in basic services in the field of transport and warehousing. On the other hand, it indicates the increase of the interest in service with the participation of intellectual and information activities. However, it does not seem that in a several years’ perspective there will be a significant change in the contribution of the particular types of logistic service provided for SMEs.
EN
Logistics service providers offer a whole or partial logistics business service over a certain time period. Between such companies, the effectiveness of specific logistics services can vary. Logistics service providers seek the effective performance of logistics service. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness, along with a specific computer system implementing the proposed approach - a sophisticated inference system, an extension of the Mamdani probabilistic fuzzy system. The paper presents specific knowledge concerning the relationships between effectiveness indicators in the form of fuzzy rules which contain marginal and conditional probabilities of fuzzy events. An inference diagram is also shown. A family of Yager’s parameterized t-norms is proposed as inference operators. It facilitates the optimization of system parameters and enables flexible adjustment of the system to empirical data. A case study was used to illustrate the new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness. The approach is demonstrated on logistics services in a logistics company. We deem the analysis of a probabilistic fuzzy knowledge base to be useful for the evaluation of effectiveness of logistics services in a logistics company over a given time period.
EN
Recent developments and events – e.g. trend to globalization, outsourcing activities, shorter life time cycles, but also natural disasters and others – have led to the increase of risks in business. Furthermore, regional and global financial and economic crises have brought additional and often unexpected risks into business. Therefore, risk management has been identified as one of the important management tasks supporting a company in reaching its objectives. In many countries, implementation and use of risk management is required by law. In Germany, the so-called KonTraG (Corporate Sector Supervision and Transparency Act) prescribes risk management for all incorporated companies. Although there is no mandated risk management for other legal forms of organizations, the KonTraG has also impact on those forms of organizations, especially on attestation by external auditors. This paper focuses on the industrial sector of logistics service providers (LSPs). The logistics service industry in Germany is a fragmented market. Although there are some ‘big players’, i.e. large LSPs, that are involved in national and international logistics activities, there also exists a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For those small and medium-sized LSPs, risk management is not compulsory. Nevertheless, they face at least the same risks as the big players – if not even more (e.g. due to smaller market shares and lower market power). There is a number of questions involved with risk management in logistics enterprises: Is risk management an approach used by LSPs – and to what extend? Who initiates risk management in logistics enterprises? What is the degree of maturity of risk management in the logistics industry? What tools and methods are used by LSPs? Are companies evaluating risk management as beneficial? Not much research has been conducted in the logistics service industry so far. Thus,to answer those questions, the authors started to conduct a first empirical study in 2008. This study was followed by a second field study in 2011, i.e. directly after the first global financial and economic crisis. In 2013, the authors carried out the third empirical study on the status of risk management in logistics enterprises in Germany. The study allows for both stating the current status of risk management and identifying developments and trends in the logistics industry related to risk management. This paper intends to highlight the most important findings from the 2013 field study and to evaluate the status quo of risk management in logistics enterprises. It also specifies room for improvement to reach a higher degree of professionalism in risk management in the logistics industry.
14
Content available On logistics service quality evaluation - case study
EN
This research intends to identify and analyze quality performance measurements used in logistics service companies. As a result, author presents the main definitions of quality and logistics service quality. Later, author investigates the main evaluation models and measures of logistics service quality which are known in the literature. In the next step, there are presented obtained quality analysis results in comparison with the knowledge about the case company present condition. The chosen case company is one of the biggest transport and logistics service providers operating in Poland.
EN
In Business Logistics Department at University of Economics in Katowice the explore research studies have been executed (period 2009-2011) to find out and identify paths of logistics service providers evolution and aspects related to IS/IT developing for supporting of their activities and activities of their customers, as well. The main goal of this paper is showing the results of the studies connected with attributes of the present IS/IT solutions. Some examples show that there are information systems and solutions that are very close to system approach and analysis. There are also quite the opposite examples that show poor understanding and practical possibilities for supporting of the logistics service providers and their customers.
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