Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Impact of raw liquid natural gas composition on combustion properties and emission characteristic

Czyżewski Paweł, Ślefarski Rafał, Jójka Joanna

Archives of Thermodynamics

|

2023

|

Vol. 44, no 1

3--21

EN

The article presents the results of numerical and analytical investigations of the influence of raw liquid natural gas (LNG) composition on parameters characterizing the combustion process. The high content of higher hydrocarbons influences the thermodynamic combustion process described with parameters like the adiabatic flame temperature, laminar flame speed and ignition delay time. A numerical study of the impact of LNG fuels on emission characteristics using the Cantera code has been performed. Results have shown that the change of grid natural gas to some types of liquid natural gas can result in an incomplete combustion process and an increase of emission of toxic compounds such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. For all investigated fuels the laminar flame speed rises by about 10% compared to natural gas, while the adiabatic flame temperature is nearly the same. The ignition delay time is decreased with an increase of ethane share in the fuel. The analysis of chemical pathways has shown that hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen formation is present, particularly in the high temperature combustion regimes, which results in an increase of nitric oxide molar fraction in flue gases by even 10% compared to natural gas. To summarize, for some applications, liquid natural gases cannot be directly used as interchangeable fuels in an industry sector, even if they meet the legal requirements.

2

Modeling the location and routing problem for the distribution of liquefied natural gas

Chłopińska Ewelina, Gucma Maciej

Annual of Navigation

|

2019

|

No. 26

59--63

EN

Programming methods, such as dynamic heuristic search or search and limit techniques are used for solving the problems of routing. Many of the problems to be solved require huge computing effort, some of them are NP-hard. Other optimization algorithms that may be used for solving vehicle routing problems are methods based on genetic algorithms, neural networks and ant algorithms. The problem of LNG distribution system is closely related to the problem of route planning. These problems are characterised by a simple definition of the problem, unlike finding the solution. Finding the optimal outcome for a great number of points is a hard and work-consuming task. Genetic algorithms are an alternative for the methods most often used so far.

3

Skroplony gaz ziemny (LNG) : właściwości i zastosowanie w przemyśle azotowym

Borowiecki T, Dmoch M, Franczyk E, Gołębiowski A, Kowalik P, Ryczkowski J

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2013

|

T. 92, nr 12

2331-2338

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd informacji dotyczących obecnej sytuacji w pozyskiwaniu i handlu skroplonym gazem ziemnym (LNG) na świecie w nawiązaniu do budowy terminalu LNG w Świnoujściu, którego uruchomienie przyczyni się do wzrostu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski. Zaprezentowano realizowany obecnie program badań stosowanych NCBiR pt. „Wykorzystanie LNG jako surowca do produkcji nawozów azotowych – nowe rozwiązania technologiczne”, który ma wskazać ewentualne skutki zastosowania LNG w przemyśle azotowym i zaproponować sposoby przeciwdziałania.

EN

A review, with 51 refs., of properties and resources as well as processes for recovery, liquefaction, transportation and regasification of natural gas. Its use for production of synthesis gas in fertilizer industry was also outlined.

4

Aspects of using LNG as a marine fuel

Herdzik J.

Journal of KONES

|

2012

|

Vol. 19, No. 2

201-209

EN

The paper presents a probe of LNG usage analysis as a marine fuel. The restrictions of harmful substances emission to atmosphere from marine engines, especially in controlled emission areas (ECA and SECA areas) of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, forces the engine makers to use additional installations, which operation may fulfill the cleanness requirements of exhaust gases. The option is a usage such marine fuels which fulfill the requirements without any cleaning processes. Such fuels are gaseous fuels, especially liquid natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). It was undertaken many tests for determination the conditions of safety bunkering, storage on board, preparation and supplying the fuel to the engine and realization of working process. About dozens merchant ships were applied LNG as a fuel. There is enough experience for spreading the LNG usage. The basic problem is still the limited network of LNG distribution in ports. The next one is the conviction of ship-owners that is no return from transition to the LNG or CNG fuelling. In the end it may occurred to the double beneficial situation that the fuel costs would be decreasing and simultaneously the improvement of exhaust gases quality (the restriction of negative effects for the natural environment).

5

Niezawodność systemu, dywersyfikacja dostaw i inne problemy polskiego gazownictwa

Dobrowolski L., Brol A.

Rynek Energii

|

2006

|

nr 3

31-37

PL

W referacie omówiono sposoby zapewnienia niezawodności dostaw gazu, do odbiorców, przez systemy przesyłowe i dystrybucyjne. Omówiono korzyści i zagrożenia wynikające z stosowania różnych sposobów zapewnienia niezawodnych dostaw gazu. Omówiono również znaczenie dywersyfikacji dostaw gazu do krajowego systemu przesyłowego i jej rolę w warunkach, gdy powszechnie będzie obowiązywać zasada TPA. Przedstawiono również zagrożenia wynikające z dotychczasowej polityki dotyczącej przekształceń polskiego gazownictwa.

EN

Methods providing reliability of gas supplies for consumers due to transmission and distribution systems have been discussed in the paper as well as advantages and hazards of application of various reliable gas supplies. The paper focuses on the importance of diversification of gas supplies for the Polish transmission system and its role in the situation of the TPA validity. The paper also presents some risks resulting from the current policy concerning the transformation of the Polish gas industry.