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1

Impact of Land-Use Changes on the Runoff of Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sainath Reddy Poli, Bhavani R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

121--129

EN

Present study investigated the effect of land-use variations on the excess flow for a Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India by using HEC-HMS model. The model was calibrated and validated using observed rainfall and runoff data. The R2 and NSE values were both greater than 0.65 after calibration, indicating a reasonable fit of the model. An analysis was conducted to understand how the land-use changes in a basin have affected the runoff. The analysis revealed that the stream flow increased due to variations in land use, and a reduction in the timing of peak flow at the outlet was observed. Additionally, the study analysed the trend of maximum rainfall time series and found that the months of June, July, and August show a decreasing trend in maximum rainfall over the study period, while other months show an increasing trend. The results of the analysis can be used to implement informed policies and management practices aimed at mitigating the negative impact of land-use changes and climate changes in Nandigama.

2

Evaluation of the effects of land-use change and increasing deforestation in the Sapanca Basin on total suspended solids (TSS) movement with predictive models

Temiz Temel, Sonmez Osman, Dogan Emrah, Oner Adnan, Opan Mücahit

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 3

1331--1347

EN

Sapanca Lake is a tectonically sourced freshwater resource and one of the rare natural water resources used as a source of drinking water. This study examined the change of land use and lake area in the natural water source basin subjected to human pressure for years. Landsat 5 TM (1987) and Landsat 8 TM (2010) satellite images were used. Satellite images were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.1 software. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the natural vegetation was significantly destroyed between 1987 and 2010. Besides, the bathymetry maps of Lake Sapanca belonging to the years 1990 and 2010 were also examined, and accordingly, it was determined that there was a 2% reduction in the lake surface area. The decrease in the volume of the lake was thought to be due to sedimentation movement caused by land-use change, and the total amount of suspended solids, grain size, discharge, and temperature measurements were made between 2012 and 2014 in 12 streams which are sources of Sapanca Lake. Sediment prediction models have been developed under two different scenarios using measurement data from side streams. Artificial neural networks (ANN), Sediment rating curve, and multiple linear regression models were examined within the scenario models, and comparisons were made between the models. It was determined that ANN achieved the closest results with the measurement data.

3

Determination of Groundwater Vulnerability Using the DRASTIC Method in Ouargla Shallow Aquifer (Algerian Sahara)

Satouh Adel, Boualem Bouselsal, Chellat Smaine, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

12--19

EN

Groundwater is the main source for many uses around the city of Ouargla. In this study, the DRASTIC method was used to assess the vulnerability of the groundwater aquifer. Seven hydrogeological parameters of the model (D water depth, R efficient charging, A aquifer type, S soil type, T topography, I unsaturated zone and C hydraulic conductivity) were measured and mapped. The intrinsic vulnerability map of the shallow aquifer, using the DRASTIC method, shows a high to very high vulnerability to pollution; 91.6% of the study area has high vulnerability, 8.4% of it has very high vulnerability. The comparison of the DRASTIC maps with the land use map illustrates that the agglomerations and irrigated areas are the most vulnerable areas to pollution, due to the low depth of the aquifer and the infiltration of significant domestic and irrigation wastewater. The results show that the relationship coefficient between the DRASTIC index and nitrate concentration is R = 0.73. This indicates that the groundwater vulnerability mapping by using the DRASTIC method can be applied for sensible groundwater resources management and land-use planning in the study area.

4

Fractal analysis of land development elements for spatial planning purposes

Bieda Agnieszka, Adamczyk Tomasz, Bydłosz Jarosław, Cichociński Piotr, Parzych Piotr

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2021

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Vol. 1, no. 1

131--145

EN

Spatial planning is a set of complex processes that aim to determine the correct location of objects in the established area subject to planning procedures. Planning documents, executed at all levels of detail, must consider the current state of land development, both in the area subject to land-use planning procedures and adjacent areas. Hence, the creation of such documents must be preceded by multiple analyses. These considerations should lead to the determination of conditions to be met by future land development elements in such a way as to take into account and use the existing ones. Because land use elements such as river network, road networks, buildings or forest areas are considered examples of random fractals, it was considered that the detection of fractal structures in area subject to land-use planning procedures could facilitate decision-making processes during creation of planning documents on a regional scale. This paper checks if it is possible to mathematically describe the clear chaos that prevails in the existing area subject to land-use planning procedures and if the use of fractal analysis in spatial planning is possible. The research was based on data from the Database of General Geographical Objects and the Bank of Local Data. Analyses were conducted within the borders of provinces.

5

A model for assessing the regional land-use territorial development

Mamonov Kostiantyn, Sklyar Iurii, Pilicheva Maryna, Kasyanov Vladimir, Shyshkin Eduard

Geodesy and Cartography

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2021

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Vol. 70, no. 2

art. no. e06

EN

It is proved that the regional land-use territorial development is influenced by many factors, so the study of the assessment of territorial development is an urgent task. As a result of generalization of theoretical and methodological provisions, the definition of regional land-use territorial development is given, which is characterized as a system category that defines permanent transformational changes and considers spatial, urban, environmental and investment factors and improves land-use efficiency. It is established that the existing methodological approaches to the assessment of territorial development of land-use do not have a comprehensive approach and consider only certain factors. For a comprehensive and comprehensive assessment of the level of territorial development of land-use, a model is proposed, which is based on the definition of an integrated indicator. The formation of the model includes the following main stages: geofactor analysis, formation of a multilevel system of indicators, assessment and establishment of the level of impact of the indicator, determination of integrated indicators for each factor, formation of a general integrated indicator of land-use, interpretation of results. The technological feasibility of the model is determined by the formation of a set of spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors, the construction of a multilevel diagnostic system of indicators, their evaluation based on modern methods and the development of mathematical models. To obtain actual spatial and cadastral data to assess the territorial development of land-use, it is advisable to use forms of administrative cadastral reporting and space images.

6

Land-use Assessment and its Influence on Spatial Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity: Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia

Ul Mustafa Muhammad Raza, Sholagberu Abdulkadir Taofeeq, Syazwan Muhammad Asyraf, Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan, Hashim Ahmad Mustafa, Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

183--190

EN

Over the years, Cameron Highlands have witnessed extensive land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes due to the massive agricultural and urbanization activities. This significantly contributed to the erosion problems in the area. Rainfall erosivity that measures the aggressiveness of raindrop in triggering soil erosion is one of its major components that could be influenced by the LULC changes in watersheds. However, the research relating to the LULC changes with the erosivity especially in the complex landscape is scarce. Hence, this study applies geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the LULC changes and their influence on the rainfall erosivity distribution in mountainous watershed of Cameron Highlands. Four Landsat images and the rainfall data from the period of thirty years were analysed for the development of LULC and erosivity maps respectively in ArcGIS environment. The study showed that the study area experienced immense land-use changes especially in agriculture and urbanization which affected the erosivity distribution. The LULC change for agriculture increased linearly in the last 30 years from 7.9% in 1986 to almost 16.4% in 2016. The results showed that urban development increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 11.4% in 2016. The increasing urbanization trend was targeted to meet up with tourism requirement in Cameron Highlands. However, forest class declined tremendously due to the exploration of land for agriculture practice and other various types of development. Watershed managers and other stakeholders should find this study beneficial in tackling erosion and its associated ecological challenges.

7

Impact of urbanization on the sediment yield in tropical watershed using temporal land-use changes and a GIS-based model

Bello A.-A. D., Hashim N. B., Haniffah R. M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

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no. 34

33--45

EN

Abundant rainfall areas promote sediment yield at both sub-watershed and watershed scale due to soil erosion and increase siltation of river channel, but it can be curtailed through planned urbanization. The urbanization of Skudai watershed is analysed from historical and future perspective. A GIS-based model (Hydrological Simulation Programme-FORTRAN-HSPF) is used to modelled sediment flow using basin-wide simulation, and the output result is utilized in evaluating sediment yield reduction due to increased urbanization by swapping multiple temporal land-use of decadent time-steps. The analysis indicates that sediment yield reduces with increase urban built-up and decrease forest and agricultural land. An estimated 12 400 tons of sediment will be reduced for every 27% increase in built-up areas under high rainfall condition and 1 490 tons at low rainfall. The sensitivity analysis of land-use classes shows that built-up, forest and barren are more sensitive to sediment yield reduction compared to wetland and agricultural land at both high and low rainfall. The result of the study suggests that increased urbanization reduced sediment yield in proportion to the rainfall condition and can be used as an alternative approach for soil conservation at watershed scale independent of climate condition.

PL

Duże opady atmosferyczne sprzyjają przemieszczaniu się osadów w skali zlewni w wyniku erozji gleby, powodując zamulanie koryta rzecznego. Procesy te można ograniczyć przez planową urbanizację. Urbanizację zlewni Skudai analizowano w perspektywie historycznej (przedziały 10-letnie) i w kontekście przyszłych zmian. Do modelowania przepływu osadu użyto programu symulacji hydrologicznej Fortran (HSPF), a wyniki modelowania wykorzystano do oceny zmniejszenia ilości osadu związanej z urbanizacją. Analiza wskazuje, że ładunek osadów maleje ze zwiększeniem udziału zabudowy miejskiej oraz z ograniczeniem powierzchni lasów i gruntów rolniczych. W warunkach intensywnych opadów ładunek osadu może zmaleć o 12 400 t, gdy udział terenów zabudowanych zwiększy się o 27%. W warunkach małych opadów ładunek zmniejszy się o 1 490 t. Analiza wrażliwości klas użytkowania ziemi wykazała, że obszary zabudowane, lasy i ugory są bardziej wrażliwe na zmniejszenie ładunku osadu niż obszary podmokłe i grunty rolnicze, zarówno w warunkach dużego jak i małego natężenia opadów. Wyniki badań sugerują, że zwiększony udział terenów zabudowanych ogranicza ładunek osadów proporcjonalnie do ilości opadów, w związku z czym planowa urbanizacja może być wykorzystana jako alternatywne podejście do ochrony gleb w skali zlewni, niezależnie od warunków klimatycznych.

8

Samochód jako wyzwanie dla miasta XXI wieku

Zając A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2014

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nr 155 (35)

84--94

PL

Wraz z rozwojem motoryzacji coraz większym problemem staje się nadmierna liczba samochodów w miastach. Od czasu popularyzacji samochodów miasta były obiektem gruntownej przebudowy, mającej na celu dostosowanie ich przestrzeni do potrzeb właścicieli samochodów. Obecnie koncepcje budowy miast oraz strategie transportowe stawiają sobie za główny cel ograniczanie transportu indywidualnego i promocję bardziej ekologicznych form przemieszczania się. Celem tekstu jest prezentacja negatywnych następstw nadmiernej liczby samochodów dla jakości życia w mieście.

EN

Increasing number of cars in urban areas is becoming bigger problem in many developed countries. Popularization of private cars in cities caused redevelopment of urban area, which has mainly focused on adapting space to needs of car owners. Current urban concepts and transportation strategies usually aim for constricting car traffic and promoting more sustainable means of transport. Subject of this article is presentation of negative outcomes excessive number of cars for quality of life in urban areas.

9

Kopalnie w krajobrazie powiatu strzelińskiego - wybrane przykłady zagospodarowania terenów poeksploatacyjnych

Jawecki B.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2012

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nr 4

24--34

EN

The paper presents issues dedicated to the extraction of natural resources and land use voids. Briefly sketched the geological structure of the county, the size of resources and raw material extraction in the county Strzelin. The selected examples of land reclamation of mined land and the exploitation of clastic sedimentary rocks, and extrusive igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks deep. Presented are the dominant trends in the county Strzelin rehabilitation of mined land and consequences no reclamation of mined land.

10

Mapy podstawowych form pokrycia i użytkowania terenu zlewni Raby powyżej Zbiornika Dobczyckiego - porównanie dokładności klasyfikacji pikselowej i obiektowej obrazów LANDSAT TM

Badurska M., Drzewiecki W., Tokarczyk P.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2009

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T. 42

15--21

EN

The research presented in the paper has been aimed at mapping the basic types of land-use in the upper Raba watershed (south Poland). The maps have been prepared for a study of the influence of land-use changes within the watershed on the sediment yields introduced into the reservoir. Because the erosion models used for sediment yields prediction need only to identify the main land-use / land cover classes (arable land, meadows and pastures, forests, waters, developed areas), the maps have been based on classification of middle-resolution satellite images (Landsat TM). In the research the results of traditional pixel-based classification were compared to the ones obtained in the object based approach. Six different Landsat TM images were classified. The methodology of both classification approaches have been described in the paper. The accuracy assessment of the classification results was based on their comparison with the land use types defined by the photo interpretation of colour composite images. The assessment was done by two operators. Each of them used different set of two hundred and fifty randomly generated sample points. In most cases the pixel-based approach resulted in higher overall accuracy. However, if overall accuracy confidence intervals are taken into consideration, none of the methods can be definitely recognised as a better one.

11

Environmental impacts of an opencast mine

Szabo G., Braun M., Koi R., Szabo S., Szegedi S.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2008

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nr 8

113--126

EN

An opencast mine may cause negative effects in many ways. Landscape scarrings of opencast mines are harmful in aesthetic respect, engines, machineries and periodic blastings may cause notable noise loading which are injurious even if these mines are situated far from the settlements because the noise from the mines may disturb animals living in the surrounds (Kerényi, 1995, 2003, Barótfi, 2000). Besides the listed impacts the dust accompanied to the opencast mining cause the most significant load to the environment of these mines. In this study, the extent of dust loading is examined in the case of a North-Hungarian perlite mine. Milling of the exploited perlite is carried out in the milling plant located within the area of the mine in Pálháza which cause additional dust loading. Settling dust loading was studied by 22 measurement stations within a distance of 3 kilometres from the mine, during the installation of which even cover of the study area was aimed. Gathering of the dust samples were carried out monthly from August 2004 to July 2006 thus we have a two-year database. During the laboratory tests, the amount of insoluble and soluble dust fractions, altogether making up the total amount of settled dust, was determined respectively. In addition to the meteorological parameters having the most influence on the spatial distribution of the settling dust (i.e. wind velocity, wind directions and the amount of precipitation, air temperature, humidity and irradia-tion) that is why an automatic meteorological station was installed in the proximity of the mine, i.e. within the study area. It gave us the necessary meteorolo-gical data during the examination. Knowing that the most significant dust loading derives from the opencast mine we can not forget that periodically during the agricultural seasons from the arable lands and during the heating seasons through the chimneys additional dust might get into the dust-traps. To determine the origin of the dust in each dust-trap the dust samples were analytical examined as well. By the chemical composition of the samples we could find out how big roles the pollution sources outside the opencast mine played and hereby we could detect how significant the dust loading originated from the perlite mine is in its environment.

12

Ocena wiarygodności fotointerpretacji powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych na wysokorozdzielczych obrazach satelitarnych

Drzewiecki W., Wróbel A.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2007

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Vol. 17a

171--178

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę dokładności oszacowania wskaźnika nieprzepuszczalności (imperviousness factor) na drodze fotointerpretacji wysokorozdzielczych obrazów satelitarnych. Przez wskaźnik nieprzepuszczalności dla danego obszaru rozumiemy stosunek pola powierzchni terenu pokrytego powierzchniami o charakterze nieprzepuszczalnym (na których woda pochodząca z opadu atmosferycznego nie będzie podlegać wsiąkaniu w głąb gruntu, np. dachy budynków, drogi asfaltowe, wybetonowane podjazdy przydomowe, parkingi, itp.) do całości pola powierzchni tego obszaru. Oszacowanie wskaźnika przeprowadzono w granicach kwadratów o boku 30 m, symulujących piksele obrazu satelitarnego Landsat TM. Fotointerpretacja powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych wykonana została na obrazach z satelity Ikonos o rozdzielczości 1 m. Porównano rezultaty uzyskane z wykorzystaniem obrazu panchromatycznego i obrazu kolorowego o podwyższonej rozdzielczości (pan-sharpened). Eksperyment przeprowadzono w ramach ćwiczeń terenowych dla studentów geodezji i kartografii. Testowane wysokorozdzielcze obrazy satelitarne pozwoliły na oszacowanie współczynnika nieprzepuszczalności dla symulowanych pikseli Landsata z błędem średnim wynoszącym 7.7% i 6.8% - odpowiednio dla obrazu panchromatycznego i kolorowego. Wyższa przydatność obrazów kolorowych uwidoczniła sie zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do terenów, na których przeważały powierzchnie o charakterze nieprzepuszczalnym.

EN

The paper presents the accuracy assessment of non-permeability factor determined by high-resolution satellite image interpretation. The non-permeability factor can be defined as the percentage of the total area considered, covered by impermeable surfaces (any materials that are resistant to water, such as rooftops, streets, driveways, parking lots, etc.). The assessment of the nonpermeability factor was performed for 30x30 m squares to simulate Landsat TM pixels, by interpretation of Ikonos images with spatial resolution of 1 m. The results obtained from panchromatic and natural colour pan-sharpened images were compared. The experiment was performed during field exercises for surveying and cartography students. The non-permeability factor of overall accuracy of 7.7% and 6.8% was estimated, for panchromatic and pan-sharpened images respectively. Natural colour pan-sharpened images proved to be more appropriate especially for the areas with higher percentage of impermeable surfaces.

13

Ocena możliwości wykorzystania obrazów satelitarnych systemu KH-7 do badań zmian użytkowania na terenach zurbanizowanych

Drzewiecki W., Głowienka E., Tokarczyk P.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2007

|

Vol. 17a

159--170

PL

W artykule przedstawiono prace, których celem była weryfikacja możliwości wykorzystania zdjęć satelitarnych systemu KH-7 w badaniach zmian użytkowania na terenach zurbanizowanych. Badania przeprowadzono na obszarze testowym zlokalizowanym w północnej części Krakowa, obejmującym zarówno tereny o charakterze wielkomiejskim jak i podmiejskim, o zróżnicowanym sposobie użytkowania. Wykorzystano w nich zdjęcie satelitarne systemu KH-7 wykonane w dniu 13 lipca 1966 oraz dwie sekcje ortofotomapy wykonanej w ramach projektu LPIS z czarno-białych zdjęć lotniczych w skali 1:13000, pochodzących z roku 2003. Fragment zdjęcia satelitarnego obejmujący obszar testowy poddano kalibracji geometrycznej metoda wielomianu drugiego stopnia oraz ortorektyfikacji z wykorzystaniem metody RPC przy zastosowaniu dziesięciu współczynników uzyskanych w oparciu o punkty dostosowania. Lepsze rezultaty uzyskano dla drugiej z metod. Następnie na drodze fotointerpretacji ortofotomapy lotniczej i satelitarnej opracowano mapy użytkowania odpowiednio dla roku 2003 i 1966. Fotointerpretacje przeprowadzono stosujac schemat klasyfikacyjny odpowiadający czwartemu poziomowi CORINE Land Cover. Mapy te pozwoliły na określenie głównych kierunków zmian, jakie zaszły na badanym obszarze. Przeprowadzone badania w pełni potwierdziły wysoka przydatność archiwalnych zdjęć satelitarnych wykonanych w trakcie realizacji programów rozpoznania obrazowego, w analizach zmian użytkowania na terenach zurbanizowanych. Dotyczy to zarówno ich pojemności informacyjnej, jak i potencjału kartometrycznego - możliwych do uzyskania parametrów dokładnościowych. Pod względem pojemności informacyjnej testowane zdjęcie systemu KH-7 uznać należy za wystarczające dla opracowań dotyczących zmian pokrycia i użytkowania terenu prowadzonych na czwartym poziomie wydzieleń CORINE Land Cover. Pod względem kartometrycznym osiągnięto dokładność położenia punktu wymagana dla ortofotomapy w skali 1:25000.

EN

The research presented in this paper focused on the evaluation of the usefulness of KH- 7 satellite photographs for land-use change analysis in urban areas. Test area located in northern part of Krakow was chosen, having diverse land-use, with classes typical for downtown and suburban areas of the city. Satellite photograph taken in 1966 was used together with orthophotomaps produced from black-and-white aerial photographs (scaled 1:13000), taken in 2003. Two methods of satellite imagery geometrical calibration were tested: second order polynomial and orthorectification using Rational Polynomial Coefficients derived from Ground Control Points. Better results were obtained with the RPC method. Land-use maps of 2003 and 1966 were derived from photographs interpretation of aerial and satellite orthophotomaps respectively. Corine Land Cover Level 4 Classification Scheme was used. Created maps allowed the identification of main types of land-use changes in the area. The usefulness of the KH-7 satellite photographs for land-use change analysis in urban areas was proved during the research, both as regards the informational capacity and cartographic potential. The informational capacity of the photograph tested is sufficient to enable interpretation of Corine Land Cover Level 4 land-use classes. Cartographic potential of the image allows to meet the accuracy standards for 1:25000-scale orthophotomaps.

14

Seasonal and long-term export rates of nutrrients with surface runoff in the river Jorka catchment basin (Masurian Lakeland, Poland)

Rybak J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 4

439-458

EN

In the Masurian Lakeland a medium size catchment basin of the Jorka river-lake system (about 65 km ^2) was studied intensively in 1996-1998 (April-October) and compared with the data from the late 1970s. Nutrients (TP, TKN, N-NO3) and chlorides were monitored in 15 short lakeshore streams draining small subcatchments that differed in land use. The annual and monthly concentration values of nutrients were measured as well as the annual load in kg ha^-1 year^-1. The data indicate that in a mosaic, hilly region the export rates from the diversified small catchments of both TP and TN tend to be low, lower than in other, non-mosaic areas; the values of export rates are mainly dependent on the discharge in the subcatchments; that is why the values for 1998 and/or 1997 were usually lower than for other years. There is a tendency to lower concentration for nutrients (including chlorides) and export rates in the subcatchments objected to low impact of agriculture (forest, wetland) than in the subcatchments dominated by cropland. Extremely high values were found for a few catchments with cropland, additionally polluted by sewage disposal in the vicinity.