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1

Wybrane aspekty procesu krzepnięcia zachodzącego w wilgotnym złożu granularnym

Partyka Jacek

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2024

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R. 80, nr 1-2

36--41

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące procesu krzepnięcia zachodzącego w wilgotnych granularnych ośrodkach porowatych, w których woda w wyniku oddziaływania niskich temperatur podlega przemianie fazowej. Tworząca się warstwa zakrzepła, której objętość jest większa od objętości wody, powoduje uszkodzenie struktury danego ośrodka porowatego. W opracowaniu przedstawiono charakterystykę materiałów porowatych, a także opis i sposób wyznaczenia podstawowych parametrów związanych z krzepnięciem w porowatych złożach granularnych. Ponadto, w ramach analizy teoretycznej procesu krzepnięcia w granularnym złożu, przedstawiono w pracy uproszczony model teoretyczny wilgotnego materiału porowatego, umożliwiający opracowanie odpowiednich wzorów teoretycznych opisujących zjawisko krzepnięcia. W celu weryfikacji teoretycznych rozwiązań problemu przedstawiono opis i budowę stanowiska badawczego do przeprowadzenia badań eksperymentalnych. Wykorzystując zdefiniowane wielkości bezwymiarowe i wzory, szczegółowo przedstawione w pracach innych badaczy, opracowano wykresy i zilustrowano je w pracy. Całość opracowania podsumowano wnioskami, które dotyczą dużego znaczenia praktycznego przedstawionych zagadnień, szczególnie dla stanu technicznego nawierzchni drogowych.

EN

This work presents issues related to the solidification process taking place in moist granular porous media in which water undergoes a phase change as a result of low temperatures. The characteristics of porous materials are also presented, as well as the description and method of determining the basic parameters related to solidification in porous granular deposits. Moreover, as part of the theoretical analysis of the solidification process in a granular bed, a simplified theoretical model of a wet porous material was presented, enabling the development of appropriate theoretical formulas describing the solidification phenomenon. In order to verify the theoretical solutions to the problem, a description and construction of a research stand for conducting experimental research were presented. Using defined dimensionless quantities and formulas, presented in detail in the works of other researchers, charts were developed and illustrated in the work. The entire study is summarized with conclusions that concern the great practical importance of the presented issues, especially for the technical condition of road surfaces.

2

Investigation of The Effect of Mechanical Vibration Applied During Solidification on The Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum 356 Alloy

Özgü Taha Süreyya, Çalın Recept, Tanış Naci Arda

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

26--31

EN

Manufacturing by casting method in aluminum and its alloys is preferred by different industries today. It may be necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the materials according to different industries and different strength requirements. The mechanical properties of metal alloys are directly related to the microstructure grain sizes. Therefore, many grain reduction methods are used during production or heat treatment. In this study, A356 alloys were molded into molds at 750°C and exposed to vibration frequency at 0,8.33, 16.66, 25, and 33.33 Hz during solidification. Optical microscopes images were analyzed in image analysis programs to measure the grain sizes of the samples that solidified after solidification. In addition, microhardness tests of samples were carried out to examine the effect of vibration and grain reduction on mechanical behavior. In the analyzes made, it was determined that the grain sizes decreased from 54.984 to 26.958 μm and the hardness values increased from 60.48 to 126.94 HV with increasing vibration frequency.

3

Morphology and Distribution of α-Al and Mn-rich Phases in Al-Si-Mn Alloys under an Electromagnetic Stirring

Mikołajczak P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

74--87

EN

Convection caused by gravity and forced flow are present during casting. The effect of forced convection generated by a rotating magnetic field on the microstructure and precipitating phases in eutectic and hypoeutectic AlSiMn alloys was studied in solidification by a low cooling rate and low temperature gradient. The chemical composition of alloys was selected to allow joint growth or independent growth of occurring α-Al, α-Al15Si2Mn4 phases and Al-Si eutectics. Electromagnetic stirring caused instead of equiaxed dendrites mainly rosettes, changed the AlSi eutectic spacing, decreased the specific surface Sv and increased secondary dendrite arm spacing λ2 of α-Al, and modified the solidification time. Forced flow caused complex modification of pre-eutectic and inter-eutectic Mn-phases (Al15Si2Mn4) depending on the alloy composition. By high Mn content, in eutectic and hypoeutectic alloys, stirring caused reduction in the number density and a decrease in the overall dimension of pre-eutectic Mn-phases. Also across cylindrical sample, specific location of occurring phases by stirring was observed. No separation effect of Mn-phases by melt flow was observed. The study provided an understanding of the forced convection effect on individual precipitates and gave insight of what modifications can occur in the microstructure of castings made of technical alloys with complex composition.

4

Evaluation of the Effect of External Conditions During Crystallization and Solidification on the Final Structure of AlSi7Mg

Radkovský Filip, Gawronová Martina, Kroupová Ivana

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

118--123

EN

Abstract The paper deals with the possibilities of influencing the final microstructure of aluminium alloy castings by changing the external conditions of crystallization and solidification. Aluminum alloys, especially Al-Si alloys, are nowadays one of the most used non-ferrous metal alloys, especially due to their mass application in the automotive field. It is in this industry that extreme emphasis is placed on the quality of cast parts with regard to safety. For this reason, a key production parameter is the mastery of the control of the resulting microstructure of the castings and the associated internal quality, which is subject to high demands defined by international standards. The aim of the experiment of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different preheating of the metal mould on the resulting structure and hardness of test castings made of AlSi7Mg0.3 material. The hardness measurement will be evaluated on a hardness tester. The parameter SDAS, Microporosity, Content of excluded eutectic will be evaluated. Dependencies will be found and plotted.

5

Experimental Verification of the Cast Iron Solidification Model

Mendakiewicz Jerzy

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

91--94

EN

The article concerns the experimental verification of the numerical model simulating the solidification and cooling processes proceeding in the domain of cast iron casting. The approximate course of the function describing the evolution of latent heat and the value of substitute specific heat resulting from its course were obtained using the thermal and derivative analysis (TDA) method The TDA was also used to measure the cooling curves at the distinguished points of the casting. The results obtained in this way were compared with the calculated cooling curves at the same points. At the stage of numerical computations, the explicit scheme of the finite difference method was applied. The agreement between the measured and calculated cooling curves is fully satisfactory.

6

Effect of filler metal composition on microstructural and mechanical characterization of dissimilar welded joint of nitronic steel and super duplex stainless steel

Maurya Anup Kumar, Pandey Chandan, Chhibber Rahul

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e90, 1--28

EN

The present paper experimentally investigates the effect of filler metal on the mechanical behavior, solidification, and microstructure of the super duplex stainless steel (sDSS2507) and nitronic steel (N50) dissimilar welded joint. This dissimilar joint is primarily applicable in the subsea control unit for high-pressure tubing and coupler assembly. For this investigation, the gas tungsten arc welding process (GTAW) employed the super duplex filler ER2594 and carbon steel grade ER70S-2 filler. The weld's structural integrity has been assessed to compare both the fillers through multiple investigations on the joint. The microstructure characterization of the base metal and as-welded specimen was carried out using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Super duplex filler ER2594 weld solidified in primary ferritic mode with precipitation of several reformed austenite in the ferrite matrix, whereas ER70S-2 filler weld had long marten site laths embedded in ferrite matrix. The microstructural study reported the presence of microsegregation and Type II boundary formation. The type-II boundary is detected close to the fusion boundary at the N50 and the sDSS 2507 side of the ER70S-2 weldment. The Vickers microhardness test, Charpy impact test, and the tensile test were performed to obtain the mechanical properties of this joint. The microhardness investigation of the weld zone of ER2594 and ER70S-2 shows the average hardness of 287.34±10 Hv0.5 and 372.36±10 Hv0.5, respectively. The peak hardness of 410 Hv0.5 was observed in the weld zone of ER70S-2. The formation of large marten site laths in the ferrite matrix in the weld zone leads to higher hardness in ER70S-2 filler compared to the precipitation of softer reformed austenite in the ER2594 fller. The average impact toughness result of ER2594 and ER70S-2 is 165±5 J and 110±8 J, respectively. The Charpy impact trials showed the ductile fracture mode by employing ER2594 filler, while ER70S-2 showed the mixed fracture mode (ductile-brittle). The weldment tensile strength of filler ER2594 and ER70S-2 is 897 MPa and 873 MPa, respectively. The tensile test results indicate the ductile fracture mode for both fillers, and the failures were detected in sDSS2507.

7

Hybrid nano improved phase change material for latent thermal energy storage system: Numerical study

Benlekkam Mohamed Lamine, Nehari Driss

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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LXIX, nr 1

77--98

EN

The phase change materials (PCM) are widely used in several applications, especiallyi n the latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS). Due to the very low thermal conductivity of PCMs. A small mass fraction of hybrid nanoparticles TiO 2–CuO (50%–50%) is dispersed in PCM with five mass concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass % to improve its thermal conductivity. This article is focused on thermal performance of the hybrid nano-PCM (HNPCM) used for the LHTESS. A numerical model based on the enthalpy-porosity technique is developed to solve the Navier-Stocks and energy equations. The computations were conducted for the melting and solidification processes of the HNPCM in a shell and tube latent heat storage (LHS). The developed numerical model was validated successfully with experimental data from the literature. The results showed that the dispersed hybrid nanoparticles improved the effective thermal conductivity and density of the HNPCM. Accordingly, when the mass fraction of a HNPCM increases by 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass %, the average charging time improves by 12.04 %, 19.9 %, 23.55%, and 27.33 %, respectively. Besides, the stored energy is reduced by 0.83%, 1.67%, 2.83% and 3.88%, respectively. Moreover, the discharging time was shortened by 18.47%, 26.91%, 27.71%, and 30.52%, respectively.

8

Role of Metal Quality and Porosity Formation in Low Pressure Die Casting of A356: Experimental Observations

Gursoy O., Nordmak A., Syversten F., Colak M., Tur K., Dispinar D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 1

5--10

EN

Porosity is one of the major problems in casting operations and there are several discussions in the literature about the porosity formation in aluminum castings. Bifilms are the defects that are introduced into the melt by turbulence. They can be detected with reduced pressure test and presented numerically by measuring bifilm index. The measure of bifilm index is the sum of total oxide length given in millimeters from the cross-section of reduced pressure test sample solidified under 0.01 MPa. In this work, low pressure die casting (LPDC) unit was built in an attempt to enhance the producibility rate. The unit consists of a pump housing that was placed inside the melt in the melting furnace where the pressure was applied instead of the whole melt surface. It was observed that the melt quality of A356 alloy was deteriorated over time which had led to higher porosity. This was attributed to the increased oxide thickness of the bifilm by the consumption of air in between the folded oxides. A relationship was found between bifilm index and pore formation.

9

Examination of the Eutectic Modifying Effect of Sr on an Al-Si-Mg-Cu Alloy Using Various Technological Parameters

Vincze F., Tokár M., Fegyverneki G., Gyarmati G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

79--84

EN

With the aid of eutectic modification treatment, the precipitation of coarse lamellar eutectic silicon can be suspended during the solidification of aluminum-silicon alloys, thereby the formation of fine-grained, fibrous eutectic Si can be promoted by the addition of small amounts of modifying elements, such as Sr, to the liquid alloy. The effectiveness of this technique is, however, highly dependent on many technological factors, and the degree of modification can be lowered during the various stages of melt preparation due to the oxidation of the Sr-content of the melt. During our research, we investigated the effect of rotary degassing melt treatments coupled with the addition of three different fluxes on the degree of modification of an Al-Si-Mg-Cu casting alloy. It was also studied, that whether additional Sr alloying made before and during the melt treatments can compensate the Sr fading with time. The degree of eutectic modification was characterized by thermal analysis (TA) and the microscopic investigation of TA specimens. It was found, that by using one of the three fluxes, and by adding Sr master alloy rods before the melt treatments, better modification levels could be achieved. It was also found that the measurement of Sr-concentration by optical emission spectroscopy alone cannot be used for controlling the level of eutectic modification.

10

Analysis and Validation of Database in Computer Aided Design of Jewellery Casting

Ignaszak Z., Wojciechowski J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 1

9--16

EN

An overview of the bibliography regarding the connection of knowledge about precious metal alloys and aspects of the use of computer aided technologies to the optimization of the jewelry casting processes is presented. An analysis of the usability of selected CAx systems was made: 1) for spatial design, called Rhinoceros 6 and 2) CAE system: NovaFlow & Solid (NF&S). The authors describe own research including data acquisition and evaluation of temperature variations during solidification of the selected Au-Ag-Cu alloy, with the identification of the phase transformations of this alloy. The intensity of heat exchange was changed (cooling of specimens under ambient temperature conditions – "normal" intensity and with the furnace – very slow cooling). The problem of completing the simulation database was pointed out and analyzed. Examples of simulations of casting selected jewelry (ring and signet) were given and compared with the result of the experiment realized in real conditions. It was confirmed that the optimization by combining experimental and simulation studies allows for the acquisition of new knowledge, and also facilitates the creation of new artistic designs of jewelry as well as performing the feasibility check, and then optimizing the chosen technology.

11

A Sequential FEM-SPH Model of the Heating-Remelting-Cooling of Steel Samples in the Gleeble 3800 Thermo-Mechanical Simulator System

Hojny M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

60--68

EN

This article presents a sequential model of the heating-remelting-cooling of steel samples based on the finite element method (FEM) and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The numerical implementation of the developed solution was completed as part of the original DEFFEM 3D package, being developed for over ten years, and is a dedicated tool to aid physical simulations performed with modern Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulators. Using the developed DEFFEM 3D software to aid physical simulations allows the number of costly tests to be minimized, and additional process information to be obtained, e.g. achieved local cooling rates at any point in the sample tested volume, or characteristics of temperature changes. The study was complemented by examples of simulation and experimental test results, indicating that the adopted model assumptions were correct. The developed solution is the basis for the development of DEFFEM 3D software aimed at developing a comprehensive numerical model allows the simulation of deformation of steel in semi solid state.

12

Projektowanie i rozwój modułu obliczeniowego hydrodynamiki cząstek rozmytych pakietu DEFFEM 3D

Hojny Marcin, Dębiński Tomasz

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2019

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Vol. 86, nr 4

101--107

PL

W artykule przedstawiono główne założenia modelu matematycznego przepływu ciekłej stali sprzężonego z modelem krzepnięcia. Prezentowane rozwiązanie bazuje na metodzie hydrodynamiki cząstek rozmytych i stanowi pierwszy etap prac rozwojowych zmierzających do opracowania kompleksowego modelu odkształcania stali w stanie półciekłym. Docelowo opracowany model numeryczny umożliwi symulację odkształcania stali w warunkach współistnienia fazy ciekłej i stałej, z uwzględnieniem lokalnych przepływów krzepnącej stali w obrębie zestalonego szkieletu fazy stałej. Implementacja numeryczna modułu obliczeniowego hydrodynamiki cząstek rozmytych realizowana jest w ramach rozwijanego od kilkunastu lat autorskiego pakietu DEFFEM 3D. Uzupełnienie pracy stanowią przykładowe wyniki symulacji testowych wskazujących na poprawność przyjętych założeń modelowych.

EN

The article presents the main assumptions of the mathematical model of liquid steel flow coupled with the solidification model. The presented solution is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and is the first stage of development works aimed at developing a comprehensive model of steel deformation in the semi-solid state. Ultimately developed numerical model will enable simulation of steel deformation in the semi-solid state, taking into account local flows of solidifying steel within a solidified solid phase skeleton. The numerical implementation of the SPH solver is carried out as part of the DEFFEM 3D package being developed for over a dozen years. The supplements to the work are exemplary results of test simulations indicating the correctness of the adopted model assumptions.

13

Peritectic Determination by a Melt Deck Thermal Analysis System

Tuttle R. B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 1

83--88

EN

There has been a growing interest in the peritectic due to increasing productivity, quality, and alloy development. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has traditionally been used to study steel solidification but suffers significant limitations when measuring the solidus and peritectic. This work covers a new thermal analysis system that can characterize the peritectic reaction. Heats of AISI/SAE 1030 and 4130 steel were poured to provide some benchmarking of this new technique. The peritectic was detected and the reaction temperature measured. Measurements agree reasonably well with reference information. A review of the literature and thermodynamic calculations did find some disagreement on the exact temperatures for the peritectic and solidus. Some of this difference appears to be related to the experimental techniques employed. It was determined that the system developed accurately indicates these reaction temperatures. The system provides a unique method for examining steel solidification that can be employed on the melt deck.

14

Integrated Analytical and Measurement System for the Evaluation of the Properties of Cast Metals and Alloys

Biernat S., Bydałek A. W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

|

iss. 1

13--18

EN

The article presents an integrated analytical and measurement system for evaluation of the properties of cast metals and alloys. The presented platform is an extension of the SLAG - PROP application with new modules, which allow to use information on metallurgical processes in an even more effective way, as well as to evaluate the finished product. In addition, the construction of a measuring station for the analysis of thermal processes taking place in a metal bath allows for precise observation of phenomena together with their appropriate interpretation. The article presents not only the cooling curves of certain copper alloys. The analysis also covered mechanical properties related to hardness, finished products depending on the mold in which the products were cast. In the literature one can find information about the mechanical properties of products in the improved state, usually after plastic or thermal treatment, omitting their properties obtained as a result of a naturally made casting. The article also presents the method of placing information in the database using a convenient graphical tool.

15

Cellular automata for simulation of dendritic growth with surface active refractory inoculants

Yermolenko D. Yu., Holovko V. V., Stepanuyk S. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 88, nr 2

49--54

EN

Purpose: During weld metal structure formation the possibility of impact on its mechanical properties are much more limited in comparison with metallurgy and technology of steel production. Adding of the inoculants to the welding pool is one of the promising methods of influencing the structure and mechanical properties of the weld metal. Design/methodology/approach: Cellular automata (CA) with additions of finite difference method (FDM) is one of the best ways to simulate dendritic growth process with the surfaceactive inoculants. It`s easy to add new rules of interaction between the inoculants and dendrite surface to the cellular automata model. Findings: It was found that average distance between primary dendrites axis decrease with increase of the inoculants wetting angle by melt iron. Obtained results were confirmed experimentally on weld metal samples that were obtained by the welding of HSLA steels with the surface-active inoculants. Research limitations/implications: The inoculants with size that comparable with cells size of the model (≈0.4 microns) were distributed evenly in computational area. Practical implications: Adding of surface-active inoculants to the melt metal improve structure and mechanical properties of weld metal. Different refractory particles (TiC, TiN, SiC, TiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2) can be used. Originality/value: Refractory inoculants adding to the melt metal are wide used in metallurgy as crystallization centers and heat absorbers. Inoculants that were added to the welding pool of high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel welds could also influence on crystallization processes of weld metal as surface active particles. In the contact point between the dendrite surface and the surface-active inoculant, a surface energy is change depending of the inoculant surface properties. Different refractory particles (TiC, TiN, SiC, TiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2) were used.

16

Study of Microstructure of Oriented Eutectic Fe-C Alloy

Trepczyńska-Łent M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

123--128

EN

Fe - 4,25% C alloy was directionally solidified with a constant temperature gradient of G = 33,5 K/mm and growth rate of v = 83,3 μm/s (300 mm/h) using a vacuum Bridgman-type crystal growing facility with liquid metal cooling technique. To reveal more detailed microstructure, the deep etching was made. This was obtained in the process of electrolytic dissolution. The microstructure of the sample was examined on the longitudinal and transverse sections using an Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. Using the Electron Backscattered Diffraction technique, phase map and analysis of phase were made. In this paper the analysis of Fe-C alloy eutectic microstructure is presented. Regular eutectic structure was obtained. The fracture surfaces show lamellar structure. Microscopic observation after electrolytic extraction indicates that the grains of longitudinal shape of eutectic cementite have been obtained. These grains are characterized by layered construction with many rounded discontinuities.

17

Prediction of Ferrite Content in Austenitic Cr-Ni Steel Castings During Production

Senberger J., Pernica V., Kana V., Zadera A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 3

91--94

EN

Determination of the ferrite content in austenitic steels, which solidified under defined conditions. Ferrite content in austenitic matrix was determined from samples with wall thickness of 60 mm. Measured ferrite contents served to propose the regression equations for the calculation of the ferrite content in steels with Cr content of 18 up to 22 % and Ni of 9 up to 11 %. An additional regression equation was proposed for steels with a higher Ni content. The proposed regression equations have been checked up on the operating melts. In conclusion, the ferrite content in the axis of the casting of wall thickness of 500 mm has been calculated and it was compared to the ferrite determined in the usual way from the cast-on test.

18

Complex Reagent Efficiency in Reduction of Copper from the Slags in Conditions of the Smelter & Refinery Plant - Głogów

Wołczyński W., Migas P., Bydałek A. W., Najman K., Senderowski C., Kwapisiński P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 3

86--90

EN

The copper droplets contained in the post-processing liquid slag are subjected to the treatment by the complex reagent. The complex reagent has been recently elaborated and patented in frame of the Grant No. PBS3/A5/45/2015. In particular, the complex reagent is dedicated to the post-processing slags coming from the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów, as a product of the direct-to-blister technology performed in the flash furnace. The recently patented complex reagent effectively assists not only in agglomeration, and coagulation but also in the deposition of the copper droplets at the bottom of crucible / furnace as well. The treatment of the post-processing slags by the complex reagent was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company as in the industrial conditions which were similar to those usually applied in the KGHM – Polish Copper (Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów). The competition between buoyancy force and gravity is studied from the viewpoint of the required deposition of coagulated copper droplets. The applied complex reagent improves sufficiently the surface free energy of the copper droplets. In the result, the mechanical equilibrium between coagulated copper droplets and surrounding liquid slag is properly modified. Finally, sufficiently large copper droplets are subjected to a settlement on the crucible / furnace bottom according to the requirements.

19

Analysis of Temperature and Velocity Fields During Filling of Continuous Casting Mould

Sowa L., Skrzypczak T., Kwiatoń P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

115--118

EN

In this paper, the mathematical model and numerical simulations of the molten steel flow by the submerged entry nozzle and the filling process of the continuous casting mould cavity are presented. In the mathematical model, the temperature fields were obtained by solving the energy equation, while the velocity fields were calculated by solving the momentum equations and the continuity equation. These equations contain the turbulent viscosity which is found by solving two additional transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy and its rate of dissipation. In the numerical simulations, coupling of the thermal and fluid flow phenomena by changes in the thermophysical parameters of alloy depending on the temperature has been taken into consideration. This problem (2D) was solved by using the finite element method. Numerical simulations of filling the continuous casting mould cavity were performed for two variants of liquid metal pouring. The effect of the cases of pouring the continuous casting mould on the velocity fields and the solid phase growth kinetics in the process of filling the continuous casting mould was evaluated as these magnitudes have an influence on the high quality of the continuous cast steel slab.

20

Hybrid model of liquid metal flow and solidification

Hojny M.

Technical Transactions

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2017

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Vol. 7(114)

127--135

EN

The article presents a hybrid model dedicated to simulations of liquid metal flow and its solidification. The developed solution is a key component of the developed integrated modelling concept, which combines the advantages of physical and computer simulations, while the concept itself is the foundation of a scientific workshop oriented at high-temperature processes (close to solidus lines). Examples of test simulation results are presented, indicating that the adopted model assumptions are correct.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono hybrydowy model dedykowany symulacjom przepływu ciekłego metalu i krzepnięcia. Opracowane rozwiązanie jest kluczowym elementem rozwijanej koncpecji zintegrowanego modelowania łączącego zalety symulacji fizycznej i komputerowej, zaś sama koncepcja stanowi fundament warsztatu naukowego zorientowanego na procesy wysokotemperaturowe (bliskich linii solidus). Przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki symulacji testowych, wskazujących na poprawność przyjętych założeń modelowych.