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1
Content available remote Modern trends of organization of the underground urban space
EN
The article is devoted to important issues of perspective modern organizational tendencies of underground urban space. Innovative world experience of organization of underground space and its use by creating underground buildings and structures for optimal working, living, recreation and movement of the urban population, increasing the area of open green spaces on the surface, creating a comfortable and aesthetically attractive urban environment are reviewed. The ecological, economic, political and cultural features that influence the formation and development of underground space in terms of sustainable development are analyzed. The architectural and spatial structure and functional features of underground permanent cities are considered. The basic modern tendencies of the organization of underground urban space are defined in the town-planning architectural-spatial, functional aspects and aspects of sustainable development.
EN
The Renaissance Pomeranian Dukes'Castle in Szczecin was built in the late 16th century in place of older buildings. At that time, the construction, and in particular the foundation of buildings on non-diagenized sediments, was more of an art than a science, since soil mechanics was being born only in the 18thand 19th centuries. However, the experience and intuition of old building masters also allowed for the construction of monumental structures that could survive hundreds or thousands of years. Their walls looked solid, so there was no fear of making further renovations and rebuilding in the following centuries. Meanwhile, in 2017, the complex of columns supporting the ceilings of the three-story rooms and the basement in the northern wing of the castle collapsed underground. It happened around 430 years after the completion of construction. The article discusses the results of various types of geotechnical tests, the purpose of which was to determine the causes of the catastrophe. Thanks to the research, a complex of underground tunnels made mostly during World War II, but also previously suspected, was discovered and largely documented. The article summarizes the actual arrangements and describes geological and historical conditions regarding the course and causes of the Castle's construction disaster in Szczecin. The knowledge resulting from these studies and analyses makes us approach with great caution any interference in the existing static system of seemingly powerful and indestructible historic buildings.
EN
Urban metro line No. 2 from An Suong station to Thu Thiem is one of the six metro lines that is planned to be built in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The metro line goes through the area in which the stratigraphy consists of many units, distributed from 20-80 m. The hydrogeology mainly has 2 aquifers, namely Holocene, and Pleistocene which affecting the deep excavation. During construction, there will be some problems that will affect the work on the surface such as settlement, cracking, and damage. By finite element method on Plaxis software, the article forecasts the surface settlement during this metro line No.2. The results show that the ground settlement is relatively large in areas with soft ground structures. The settlement results depend on the geological structure characteristics, hydrogeological characteristics, and the shape and size of the tunnels
PL
Obserwując rynek budowlany, łatwo zauważyć, że współczesne realizacje to coraz bardziej skomplikowane obiekty, budowane w coraz trudniejszych warunkach, w tym gruntowo-wodnych. Zarazem zamawiający oczekuje od wykonawcy zachowania jak najkrótszych okresów realizacji oraz najwyższej jakości robót, w tym geotechnicznych, za najniższą cenę, przy jednoczesnym pozbyciu się ryzyka. Poprzeczka postawiona jest więc wysoko.
PL
Celem zarządzania korozją jest zapewnienie funkcjonalności obiektów technicznych zgodnie z ich przeznaczeniem, spełnianą funkcją i założonym czasem eksploatacji. W artykule zaprezentowano w krytycznym świetle wyraźne zmiany w tej dziedzinie na przestrzeni ostatnich 50 lat, które nastąpiły w polskiej gospodarce w odniesieniu do metalowych obiektów podziemnych. Związane są one w dużej mierze z rozwojem technologii ochrony katodowej, ale także i stosowaniem nowych materiałów powłokowych. Na przestrzeni tych lat zmieniły się przyjęte wcześniej kanony techniki ochrony przeciwkorozyjnej takich obiektów jak: pancerze kabli telekomunikacyjnych, rurociągi czy zbiorniki podziemne. Pojawiły się także na ich powierzchni nowe zagrożenia korozyjne, np. wywołane przez indukowane prądy przemienne z napowietrznych linii elektroenergetycznych wysokiego napięcia.
EN
The aim of corrosion management is ensuring of functionality of technical objects in accordance with their designation, the fulfilled function and the adopted operating time. In the article distinct changes have been critically presented in this field in the past 50 years, which occurred in the Polish economy with reference to metal underground objects. They are connected in a great extent with development of cathodic protection technology, but also with the choice and application of new coating materials. During these years earlier adopted canons of anti-corrosion protection technology changed of such objects as telecommunication cable armatures, pipelines or underground tanks. Also, new corrosion hazards appeared on their surfaces, e.g. caused by induced alternate currents from high voltage overhead power lines.
6
PL
W artykule opisano zadania efektywnego systemu informatycznego oraz złożonego systemu monitoringu strukturalnego w zapewnieniu odpowiedniego programu zarządzania ryzykiem. Ryzyko związane z prowadzeniem prac konstrukcyjnych w gęstej tkance miejskiej i przy złożonych warunkach geologicznych powinno być uwzględniane i badane od samego początku realizacji prac konstrukcyjnych, a to najefektywniej czynione być może jedynie za pomocą pełnego systemu monitoringu strukturalnego.
EN
The article describes the tasks of effective information system and a complex structural monitoring system to ensure proper risk management program. The risk associated with conducting of construction works in the dense urban fabric and the complex geological conditions should be taken into account and examined from the very beginning of the construction works realization, and this can be done effectively perhaps only with the help of a complete structural monitoring system.
7
Content available remote Współczesne metody półnieniszczących badań konstrukcji betonowych
PL
W artykule omówiono techniki współczesnych metod półnieniszczących badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu "pull-out" w zastosowaniu do badań konstrukcji podziemnych jednostronnie dostępnych. W celu weryfikacji podano wyniki badań porównawczych dokładności oceny wytrzymałości betonu metodami niszczącymi, nieniszczącymi oraz metodą "pull-out". Do porównania parametrów wytrzymałości określonej różnymi metodami, przedstawiono wartości współczynników korygujących dla różnych metod badań. Ze względu na znacznie wyższą dokładność określania wytrzymałości betonu - w porównaniu z metodami nieniszczącymi - metoda "pull-out" jest zalecana do stosowania w budownictwie podziemnym.
EN
The article discusses the techniques of modern methods of semi nondestructive tests on compressive strength of "pull-out" concrete as applied to underground structures accessible from one side. The results of comparative tests of the accuracy of assessment of the strength of concrete by destructive, nondestructive and "pull-out" methods were given for the verification of the aforesaid. To compare the strength parameters defined by different methods, the values of correction coefficients for the different test methods have been provided. Due to the significantly higher accuracy of determination of concrete's strength - as compared with non-destructive methods - the "pull-out" method is recommended for the use in underground construction.
EN
New method "KA-17" used for making calculations of the values of road traffic loads and created by prof. Andrzej Kuliczkowski, is presented here. Proposed method considers the influence of different types of soil placed above existing sewers on the values of road traffic loads acting on sewers. Several curves created for different diameters, different types of soil and vehicles and expressed as a function of a height of soil column above the sewer are also given. Attached examples explain how the values of road traffic loads change depending on the above mentioned parameters. Besides a comparative analysis of two methods used for making calculations of the values of road traffic loads (according to Scandinavian and KA-17 methodology) is included in the paper. Thorough analysis of basic problems that the one can face during determining the values of a dynamic coefficient is also presented. Additionally the influence of a reducing coefficient expressed among the other things. As a function of different types of a road surface on final values of loadings acting on sewer is explained. Following the results of thorough researches above mentioned analyses are recommended as an especially useful for e.g. evaluation of a safety coefficient of sewer to be renovated or for calculations of optimum wall thickness of linings used for trenchless reconstruction of sewers as well as other pipes used for underground constructions.
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