Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Inclusive cities. Diversity and inclusion in city marketing

Daszkiewicz Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 173

93--112

EN

Purpose: The article aims to examine how cities incorporate diversity and inclusion into their policies and marketing practices. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out using a case study with an exploratory qualitative approach. The case study was conducted involving two European cities, Barcelona and Wroclaw. The content analysis of official documents and publicised materials was the basis for describing each city's inclusive strategic policies and marketing initiatives. Considerations based on the literature review and case study led to the conclusions about the strategic role of diversity and inclusion context in city marketing and the use of inclusive marketing in cities’ practices. Findings: By supporting diversity and inclusion, inclusive marketing contributes to developing inclusive cities by creating a climate of equal opportunity and stimulating stakeholder engagement. Marketing cities through diversity and inclusion also strengthens internal and external city image. Practical implications: The article's considerations highlight the essential role of diversity and inclusivity in marketing cities. Demonstrating the value, possibilities, and ways to implement inclusive marketing can contribute to its broader and more strategic use in the practice of cities. Originality/value: Despite growing challenges, inclusive marketing in a territorial context has so far been an understudied area. The article launches the scientific discussion on diversity and inclusion in city marketing, forming the basis for further exploration and developing model solutions.

2

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Calcium Treated Low Carbon Steel

Karabayrak Barış, Baskut Sinem, Turan Dilek

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 1

89--96

EN

In this study, the effect of calcium treatment on the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of low carbon steel material is investigated. By applying calcium treatment after aluminum deoxidation for steel cleanliness, the aim is to transform the inclusions into harmless structures and produce cleaner liquid steel. As a result of the study, calcium treated material’s tensile strength slightly increases while fatigue life decreases. SEM studies were conducted to evaluate the results and it was observed that while elongated inclusions were observed as well as spherical shapes in the untreated sample, the inclusions generally had a spherical shape in the calcium treated sample. After the steel cleanliness process, the mechanical properties of the samples were improved. The tensile strength of the calcium treated sample increased slightly. However, a significant decrease in fatigue strength was observed depending on brittle inclusions that occur as a result of the calcium treatment process.

3

Inclusive Education as a Tool For Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals on the Basis of Humanization of Society

Zhukova Oksana, Platash Larysa, Tymchuk Liudmyla

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2022

|

Vol. 17, nr 1

114--122

EN

The technogenic civilization, despite significant scientific and technical achievements, unfortunately, continues to face problems that entail irreparable consequences. Human activity based on the principle of immeasurable consumption produces an increase in inequality, poverty, hunger, diseases, armed conflicts, and global environmental changes. Weapons of mass destruction pose a global socio-environmental threat. All these trends indicate the need to move to a new level of progress based on sustainability, which in turn requires the formation of a new personality focused on the system of environmental values, and not on the values of the consumer society. Only a society consisting of people with a new worldview will be able to develop sustainably. In this regard, the author’s vision of inclusive education is formed in the study, which is understood as a system with a high integration ability, the role of which is reduced to creating a sustainable society with rational moral foundations. A doctrinal model of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is proposed, the core of which is the humanization of society, contributing to moral, economic, social, cultural changes and influencing the life of society, while becoming the driving force of the economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development. The author’s approach allows us to expand the scientific vision of the essence and content of inclusive education, to determine the role of humanization in ensuring the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The conceptual provisions of the article can be used as the basic foundations of a sustainable development strategy.

PL

Cywilizacja technogeniczna, mimo znaczących osiągnięć naukowo-technicznych, niestety nadal boryka się z problemami, które niosą za sobą nieodwracalne konsekwencje. Działalność ludzka oparta na zasadzie nieograniczonej konsumpcji powoduje wzrost nierówności, ubóstwa, głodu, chorób, konfliktów zbrojnych i globalnych zmian środowiskowych. Broń masowego rażenia stanowi globalne zagrożenie. Wszystkie te trendy wskazują na potrzebę przejścia na nowy poziom postępu oparty na zrównoważonym rozwoju, co z kolei wymaga ukształtowania nowej osobowości skupionej na systemie wartości środowiskowych, a nie na wartościach społeczeństwa konsumpcyjnego. Tylko społeczeństwo składające się z ludzi o nowym światopoglądzie będzie w stanie rozwijać się w sposób zrównoważony. W związku z tym zaproponowano autorską wizję edukacji inkluzywnej, rozumianej jako system o wysokiej zdolności integracyjnej, którego rolą jest tworzenie zrównoważonego społeczeństwa o racjonalnych podstawach moralnych. Proponowany jest doktrynalny model realizacji Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju, którego istotą jest humanizacja społeczeństwa, przyczynianie się do zmian moralnych, ekonomicznych, społecznych, kulturowych oraz wpływanie na życie społeczeństwa, jednocześnie będący siłą napędową ekonomicznych, społecznych i środowiskowych filarów zrównoważonego rozwoju. Podejście autorów pozwala poszerzyć naukową wizję istoty i treści edukacji inkluzywnej oraz określić rolę humanizacji w zapewnieniu realizacji Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju. Ramy koncepcyjne artykułu można wykorzystać jako podstawowe fundamenty strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju.

4

Inclusive design strategies for museums. Targets and remarks for wider access to culture

Marconcini Sebastiano

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

|

2022

|

Nr 14

23--32

EN

Museums are repositories of culture, knowledge, and values that everyone should be able to have access to. To this end, specific attention should be paid to the issue of disability when designing or operating such facilities. Despite an increased awareness, many designers still lack a full understanding of the complexity of people's needs and the topic of inclusion. Through an excursus of the evolving concept of diversity and how design can provide an enabling or disabling built environment, this paper aims at setting the cognitive framework to address the issue of broader fruition in museum spaces. Particularly, the focus of this contribution is on the European context, its historical cities and cultural heritage. Therefore, the needs of inclusion must be balanced with those of conservation, adding an extra layer of complexity. The museum will then be examined from an inclusive perspective, highlighting the issues to be addressed and providing some suggestions on the tools available to overcome them and grant everyone access to culture.

PL

Muzea są repozytoriami kultury, wiedzy i wartości, do których każdy powinien mieć dostęp. W tym celu należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na kwestię niepełnosprawności podczas projektowania lub funkcjonowania takich obiektów. Pomimo zwiększonej świadomości wielu projektantów nadal nie rozumie w pełni złożoności potrzeb ludzi i tematu inkluzji. Poprzez ukazanie rozwoju ewoluującej koncepcji różnorodności i tego, jak projektowanie może zapewnić środowisko umożliwiające lub uniemożliwiające dostep do sztuki, niniejszy artykuł ma na celu wyznaczenie ram poznawczych, aby podjąć kwestię szerszych rozwiązań udostępniania w przestrzeniach muzealnych. W szczególności, niniejsza praca skupia się na kontekście europejskim, jego historycznych miastach i dziedzictwie kulturowym. Dlatego potrzeby inkluzji muszą być zrównoważone z potrzebami konserwacji, co dodaje dodatkową warstwę złożoności. Muzeum zostanie następnie przeanalizowane z perspektywy inkluzywnej, podkreślając kwestie, którymi należy się zająć i dostarczając kilku sugestii na temat dostępnych narzędzi, aby je przezwyciężyć i przyznać każdemu dostęp do kultury.

5

On some inclusion in the set theory

Ochab Justyna, Ulaszek Marcin

Journal of Mathematics and Applications

|

2022

|

Vol. 45

129--132

EN

This note contains the proof of an inclusion in the set theory. In that proof we use only basic laws appearing in the set theory. More precisely, using some basic laws of the set theory we provide the proof of an inclusion which is applied in the proof of certain theorem of the classical measure theory. The presented paper has an elementary character. Only the basic tools of the set theory are involved.

6

Influence of weak inclusions on the cracking behavior of a jointed rock mass containing an opening: insights from DIC-based approaches

Liu Xianghua, Zhang Ke, Liu Wenlian, Xie Jianbin

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e184, 2022

EN

To gain deep insights into the reinforcement effect of weak inclusions on jointed rock masses containing an opening, natural sandstone specimens containing multiple non-persistent joints and an opening were prepared, and two different cases, unfilled and filled openings, were considered. Digital image correlation (DIC) was applied to characterize the deformation fields of specimens during loading. Two measures extended from the DIC, the displacement vector and multivariate measure of strain dispersion, were proposed to identify and quantitatively analyze the cracking mechanism. Weak inclusions were found to improve the mechanical properties. The displacement vector fields around the newly formed cracks were calculated, and then, four types of cracks were recognized: direct tensile cracks, relative tensile cracks, shear cracks, and mixed cracks. Based on the fracture nature of cracks, nine types of crack coalescence among joints and six categories between openings and joints were summarized. The influence of weak inclusions on the cracking behavior of jointed sandstones was further clarified. Many more cracks were detected in the specimens containing a filled opening, which was validated by the fractal dimensions of the ultimate fracture surfaces. The differentiation rate of the effective variance (DREV) was defined to describe the dispersion of full-field strain data. The DREV was extremely close to 0 at the initial compacting and elastic deformation stage and then exhibited anomalous responses to cracking events. The first peak in the DREV–strain curve represents crack initiation, which can be regarded as a precursor.

7

The Concept of Inclusion in the Context of Sustainable Development

Salamucha Agnieszka

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 2

66--74

EN

The article presents a semantic analysis of the concept of inclusion, which – treated as the central category for Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations) – requires further definition. Initially, I outline the history and etymology of the word inclusion, provide various contexts of its use in Polish common language and in the academic area, take a closer look at the word family as well as synonyms and antonyms of the term inclusion (especially exclusion). Next, I explore functions of the concept of inclusion (descriptive, explanatory, normative) and problems regarding the concept. The conclusion contains four types of referents of the term inclusion.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest pojęcie inkluzji, centralne dla celu 16 Agendy na Rzecz Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2030 Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Termin inkluzja jest jednak wieloznaczny i jego znaczenie wymaga doprecyzowania. Przeprowadzam w tekście analizę semiotyczną tego terminu, poczynając od rysu historyczno-etymologicznego, poprzez sposoby użycia terminu inkluzja w języku polskim i w różnych dziedzinach wiedzy, oraz przyglądam się rodzinie wyrazowej tego terminu, jego synonimom, bliskoznacznikom i antonimom, a wśród tych ostatnich przede wszystkim terminowi ekskluzja. Analizuję następnie funkcje pojęcia inkluzji (opisowo-wyjaśniającą i normatywną) oraz referuję spory wokół pojęcia inkluzji. W części końcowej proponuję typologię desygnatów terminu inkluzja.

8

Urban Conservation in International Charters: From the Athens Charter to the Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation

Frenda Antonino, Valle Marco

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

|

2021

|

Nr 11

65--74

EN

The Interreg CE project “RUINS. Sustainable re-use, preservation and modern management of historical ruins in Central Europe - elaboration of integrated model and guidelines based on the synthesis of the best European experiences” has implemented cultural development strategies through knowledges exchange developed within a local and regional context and suitable to be applied at a wider European level. The project has applied an empowering bottom-up approach, in which local and regional stakeholders have been actively engaged throughout the project’s running time. Cooperation of 6 countries with various traditions and experiences resulted in the development of universal models that could be applied for management, use and protection of medieval ruins all over Europe, providing European added value. The comprehensive management plans elaborated, help owners and managers of historical ruins to exploit economic potential of this heritage in economic development of regions, and to preserve value of medieval ruins as cultural heritage. Due to the transnational character, the project has contributed to create a common European identity, strengthen cooperation between international, national and local stakeholders both vertically and horizontally, and promote exchanges between boundaries. The paper aims to present the results and the experience gained during RUINS project implementation by LINKS Foundation (project partner), focusing on the inclusive and shared approaches carried out. A summary of goals and recommendations achieved within the discussion panels/seminars arranged by LINKS Foundation as well as objectives and structure of the Output O.T2.1 “BEST PRACTICES HANDBOOK - Transnational model form of socially useful use of medieval ruins" will be provide.

PL

W ramach projektu Interreg CE "RUINS. Sustainable re-use, preservation and modern management of historical ruins in Central Europe - elaboration of integrated model and guidelines based on the synthesis of the best European experiences" wdrożono strategie rozwoju kultury poprzez wymianę wiedzy opracowanej w kontekście lokalnym i regionalnym, nadającą się do zastosowania na szerszym poziomie europejskim. Współpraca 6 krajów o różnych tradycjach i doświadczeniach zaowocowała opracowaniem uniwersalnych modeli, które mogą być zastosowane do zarządzania, użytkowania i ochrony średniowiecznych ruin w całej Europie, zapewniając europejską wartość dodaną. Opracowane kompleksowe plany zarządzania pomagają właścicielom i zarządcom zabytkowych ruin wykorzystać potencjał ekonomiczny tego dziedzictwa w rozwoju gospodarczym regionów, a także zachować wartość średniowiecznych ruin jako dziedzictwa kulturowego. Ze względu na ponadnarodowy charakter, projekt przyczynił się do stworzenia wspólnej tożsamości europejskiej, wzmocnienia współpracy między międzynarodowymi, krajowymi i lokalnymi interesariuszami zarówno w pionie, jak i w poziomie, a także promowania wymiany między granicami. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie rezultatów i doświadczeń zdobytych podczas realizacji projektu RUINS przez LINKS Foundation (partnera projektu), koncentrując się na integracyjnym i wspólnym podejściu. Przedstawione zostanie podsumowanie celów i rekomendacji osiągniętych w ramach paneli dyskusyjnych/seminariów zorganizowanych przez LINKS Foundation, jak również cele i struktura produktu O.T2.1 "Podręcznik najlepszych praktyk - ponadnarodowa modelowa forma społecznie użytecznego wykorzystania średniowiecznych ruin".

9

Mathematical modelling of stationary thermoelastic state for a plate with periodic system of inclusions and cracks

Zelenyak Volodymyr

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no. 1

11--15

EN

Two-dimensional stationary problem of heat conduction and thermoelasticity for infinite elastic body containing periodic system of inclusions and cracks is considered. Solution of the problem is constructed using the method of singular integral equations (SIEs). The numerical solution of the system integral equations are obtained by the method of mechanical quadrature for a plate heated by a heat flow, containing periodic system elliptic inclusions and thermally insulated cracks. There are obtained graphic dependences of stress intensity factors (SIFs), which characterise the distribution of intensity of stresses at the tops of a crack, depending on the length of crack, elastic and thermoelastic characteristics inclusion, relative position of crack and inclusion.

10

Composite relaxed resolvent operator and Yosida approximation operator for solving a system of Yosida inclusions

Ahmad R., Mishra V. N., Ishtyak M., Rahaman M.

Journal of Applied Analysis

|

2018

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

185--195

EN

In this paper, we first study a composite relaxed resolvent operator and prove some of its properties. After that, we introduce a Yosida approximation operator based on the composite relaxed resolvent operator and demonstrate some properties of the Yosida approximation operator. Finally, we obtain the solution of a system of Yosida inclusions by applying these concepts.We construct a conjoin example in support of many concepts derived in this paper. Our concepts and results are new in the literature and can be used for further research.

11

A circular inclusion with inhomogeneous sliding imperfect interface in harmonic materials

McArthur D. R., Sudak L. J.

Archives of Mechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 70, nr 4

365--386

EN

In the following study we rigorously analyze the problem of a circular inclusion with inhomogeneous imperfect sliding interface in finite deformation of harmonic materials. The work begins by defining the inhomogeneous sliding boundary conditions characterized by two interface parameters corresponding to the normal and tangential coordinate directions (with respect to the interface boundary curve), respectively. Then, through the process of analytic continuation the problem is eventually reduced to the determination of a single analytic function given by an ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. A specific example is selected to illustrate the method. The effects of the circumferential variation of the interface parameter on the mean stress at the interface and the average mean stress in the inclusion are discussed.

12

Mechanical performances of rock-like disc containing circular inclusion subjected to diametral compression

Chang X., Tang J., Wang G., Tang C.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

356--370

EN

This paper presents a numerical investigation of cracking behaviour of rock-like disc containing one circular inclusion subjected to diametral compression, which is validated by physical tests in terms of the crack patterns and stress–strain responses. The numerical results indicate that if the inclusion strength is higher or close to the matrix strength, one dominated crack can form to split the disc into two parts. Otherwise, the crack branches can be observed besides the dominated crack. The inclusion eccentricity has important influences on the crack pattern of the rock disc. If the inclusion strength is lower than the matrix strength, the horizontal eccentricity can induce to a horizontal crack. The length of the horizontal crack is close related to the eccentricity that a higher eccentricity can lead to a longer horizontal crack. The vertical eccentricity can result in crack branch, which becomes shorter as the eccentricity increases. If the inclusion strength is higher than the matrix, the horizontal and vertical eccentricity cannot lead to crack branches and only one dominated crack can be observed. The disc nominal strength increases by increasing the horizontal or vertical eccentricity both for cases of the inclusion strength lower and greater than the matrix.

13

Homogeneity and heterogeneity of the workforce: leveraging on diversity management to build inclusive workplace

Rahim A. G., Oluwafemi A., Afolabi A. A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2017

|

z. 100

409--426

EN

Given the globalized nature of the contemporary business environment, organisations require more interaction among people from diverse cultures and heterogeneous demographic characteristics than ever before. Consequently, organisations have no other feasible choice but to adopt and implement diversity initiatives that align sameness or differences in workforce composition to build inclusive workplace. This paper sought to examine the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the workforce with a view of leveraging on diversity management to build inclusive workplace. The paper review extant studies on the subject matter to achieve the focal objectives highlighted. The paper documented that diversity management is characterized by ambiguity; as there are numerous diverse reasons and initiatives of diversity management. Moreover, effective diversity management propel cohesion that integrate all members of the organization. The paper further noted that organisational commitment to diversity is rooted less on a moral dictate toward justice and fairness and more on self-serving desire to address external pressures and achieve other desirable outcomes. Consequently, most firms approached diversity issue as a basic response to change which does not capture its essence. The paper concludes that diversity management is good for business and should be viewed as a key mechanism for improving business competitiveness. Similarly, effective diversity management can lead to better talent management and possession of competence to solve long-term problems.

PL

Ze względu na globalny charakter współczesnego otoczenia biznesu, organizacje potrzebują więcej interakcji między osobami z różnych kultur, o niejednorodnych cechach demograficznych, w większym stopniu niż kiedykolwiek wcześniej. W konsekwencji organizacje nie mają innego wyboru, niż zarządzanie różnorodnością, która pozwoli na dostosowanie sposobu zarządzania do zmieniających się warunków i umożliwi poprawę integracji społecznej. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę badań w zakresie jednorodności i niejednorodności siły roboczej z myślą o wykorzystaniu tej koncepcji do budowy miejsca pracy, umożliwiającego integrację społeczną. Autorzy dokonują przeglądu istniejących publikacji na omawiany temat. Analiza pozwala na stwierdzenie, że zarządzanie różnorodnością charakteryzuje się wysoką wieloznacznością, ponieważ istnieje wiele różnorodnych przyczyn i inicjatyw zarządzania różnorodnością. Ponadto, skuteczne zarządzanie różnorodnością wymaga działań, które integrują wszystkich członków organizacji. Ponadto, w artykule zauważono, że zaangażowanie organizacyjne w zakresie zarządzania różnorodnością jest mniej zakorzenione w postawach moralnych wobec sprawiedliwości i uczciwości, a bardziej oparte na egoistycznych chęciach zaspokojenia nacisków zewnętrznych i osiągnięcia innych pożądanych rezultatów przez organizacje. W konsekwencji większość firm traktuje kwestię różnorodności jako podstawową odpowiedź na zmiany, które zachodzą w obszarze zasobów siły roboczej. W artykule stwierdza się, że zarządzanie różnorodnością jest dobre dla biznesu i powinno być postrzegane jako kluczowy mechanizm dla poprawy konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw. Podobnie, skuteczne zarządzanie różnorodnością może prowadzić do lepszego zarządzania talentami i posiadania przez organizację kompetencji do rozwiązywania problemów długoterminowych.

14

Effect of the shielding gas flow rate on mechanical properties and microstructure of structural steel (IS2062) welds

Rizvi S. A., Tewari S. P.

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 21, nr 4

971--984

EN

Structural steel is frequently used for industrial purpose as it is more economical as compared to other steels .In the present research article an attempt has been made to find, how the mechanical properties and microstructure properties of the IS2062 structural steel are affected by the different welding parameters such as shielding gas flow rate, voltage, wire feed speed and welding current. In this research work 75%Ar+25%CO2, is used as shielding gas because it is a best shielding gas mixture for getting a good quality mechanical properties and micro structural properties of welded joint. For study of fracture mode of tensile fracture, SEM test carried out which help to understand the factor influence the microstructure and it is found that the Fractures of tensile samples are brittle in nature which shows the low ductility and brittle fracture. Micro hardness values change throughout weld metal varying by shielding gas flow rate.

15

Collosion and Absorption Behaviors of Inclusions on Refractory

Ding-Guo Z., Ming G., Xin L., Shu-Huan W.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2017

|

Vol. 62, iss. 2A

857--863

EN

The paper is dedicated to analysis the inclusion behavior in steel using theoretical calculation and simulation of water. The aim is to establish collision and absorption model of inclusions on refractory. The article discusses the variation of critical stay speed and critical shear with the radius of inclusions in the process of colliding, rebounding and absorbing. The results show the critical stay speed and critical shear of alumina respectively surpasses 1 cm·s-1 and 1 N·m-2, while titanium dioxide separately exceeds 4 cm·s-1 and 10 N·m-2 for the inclusions that radius is less than 2.5 μm. If the inclusions occur rebound after colliding, the inclusions that radius is less than 7 μm will still be absorbed by the surface, while the inclusions that radius is more than 10 μm can easily reenter the steel. The model coincides with the water simulation results and it is of good adaptability.

16

Analyzing Interaction for Automated Adaptation : First Steps in the IAAA Project

Neumayr T., Kern D., Augstein M., Kurschl W., Altmann J.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2015

|

Vol. 61, No. 2

159-164

EN

Because of an aging society and the relevance of computer-based systems in a variety of fields of our life, personalization of software systems is becoming more important by the day in order to prevent usage errors and create a good user experience. However, personalization typically is a time-consuming and costly process if it is done through manual configuration. Automated adaptation to specific users’ needs is, therefore, a useful way to reduce the efforts necessary. The IAAA project focuses on the analysis of user interaction capabilities and the implementation of automated adaptations based on them. However, the success of these endeavors is strongly reliant on a careful selection of interaction modalities as well as profound knowledge of the target group’s general interaction behavior. Therefore, as a first step in the project, an extensive task-based user observation with thorough involvement of the actual target group was conducted in order to determine input devices and modalities that would in a second step become subject of the first prototypic implementations. This paper discusses the general objectives of the IAAA project, describes the methodology and aims behind the user observation and presents its results.

17

Inclusion complexation of 2-aminopyrimidines with β-cyclodextrin, physico-chemical and nuclear magnetic spectroscopic studies

Celin T S, Nagarajan S

Materials Science Poland

|

2014

|

Vol. 32, No. 1

39--44

EN

Inclusion complexation of 2-aminopyrimidines with b-cyclodextrin was studied in the solid state by infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aminopyrimidine-b-CD complexes were also investigated in a solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Qualitative modifications in the position and number of peaks or bands obtained from spectral methods as well as thermal analysis indicated the inclusion.

18

Experimental Modeling to Facilitate Removal of Inclusion Contaminants from the Contact Surface in Transversal Extrusion Processes

Skorulski G., Piwnik J., Hościło B.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.

209--212

EN

The paper presents experimental optimization of geometrical conditions regarding the shape of billet’s end pieces in the extrusion process of aluminum alloys. The experiments were performed using appropriately pre-treated plasticine as a substitute material. A special test stand was built using a Plexiglass die in order to make it possible to conduct observations and measurements of the modeled contamination surface. To find the best solution, a great number of shape variants of the billets and of their heating temperatures were experimentally analyzed. An attempt was made to find such a solution that could not only resolve the issue of the removal of contaminants from the contact surface of the pre- heated billets but also develop the least complicated technology of billet fabrication. The test results show how to develop the design process and production technology and also offer advice how to improve the quality of the produced profiles. Finally the authors recommend such a shape for the billets that will ensure effective removal of contaminants from the contact surfaces.

19

Homogenization of elasto - plastic materials by the boundary element method

Fedeliński P., Czyż T.

Computer Methods in Materials Science

|

2013

|

Vol. 13, No. 3

395--401

EN

The formulation of the initial stress approach of the boundary element method (BEM) for two-dimensional elastoplastic plates subjected to static tractions is presented. The developed computer code is used to analyze elasto-plastic materials with linear isotropic hardening which satisfy the Huber-Hencky-von Mises yield criterion. Representative volume elements (RVE) containing voids and inclusions are subjected to various boundary conditions. The relation between average stresses and average strains is computed for different volume fraction of voids and inclusions. The results are compared with the solutions computed by the finite element method (FEM). Effective yield stresses and tangent moduli are computed for different materials.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono sformułowanie naprężeń początkowych metody elementów brzegowych (MEB) w analizie dwuwymiarowych tarcz obciążonych statycznie siłami powierzchniowymi. Opracowany program komputerowy zastosowano do analizy materiałów sprężysto-plastycznych z liniowym wzmocnieniem izotropowym, który spełnia warunek plastyczności Hubera- Hencky’ego-von Misesa. Analizowano reprezentatywne elementy objętościowe (RVE) poddane różnym warunkom brzegowym zawierające pustki i wtrącenia. Określono związki między średnimi odkształceniami i naprężeniami dla różnego udziału objętościowego pustek i wtrąceń oraz różnych warunków brzegowych. Wyniki porównano z rozwiązaniami otrzymanymi metodą elementów skończonych (MES). Wyznaczono zastępcze granice plastyczności i moduły styczne dla różnych materiałów.

20

Evaluation of the chemical composition and microcleanliness of the steel samples from the heavy forging ingot

Michalek K., Tkadlečková M., Gryc K., Machovčák P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2013

|

Vol. 58, iss. 4

1161--1167

EN

The paper presents new results obtained from the evaluation of the chemical composition, microcleanliness and structure of the 90-ton heavy ingot cast in two successive heats, in which the content of Cu and Ni was intentionally modified in order to assess the degree of mutual mixing of the two heats in the ingot volume during the steel casting and solidification. For determination of chemical composition, spectral analysis and LECO were used. Microcleanliness evaluation was carried out on a Hitachi microanalytical complex equipped with the energy-dispersive spectrometer Vantage. To assess the composition of oxide non-metallic inclusions ternary diagrams were used. Structure of the basic steel matrix was induced by etching. The evaluation showed that in the casting of two successive heats, a certain degree of inhomogeneity of chemical composition, especially in the lower part of the ingot can be assumed in case of different composition. A greater segregation of sulphur in the central top part of the ingot was also detected. However, microcleanliness of the entire ingot is in general very good with low proportions of non-metallic inclusions.

PL

W pracy tej przedstawiono, wyniki uzyskane z oceny składu chemicznego, czystości w skali mikro i struktury 90 tonowych wlewków odlanych w dwóch kolejnych sekwencjach, w których zawartości Cu i Ni celowo zmieniono, dla oceny stopnia wzajemnego mieszania się dwóch wytopów w objętości wlewka podczas odlewania i krzepnięcia stali. Dla określenia składu chemicznego zastosowano analizę spektralną i LECO. Badania mikroczystości przeprowadzono na zespole urządzeń do mikroanalizy Hitachi wyposażonym w spektrometr energii rozproszonej Vantage. Dla oceny składu tlenkowych wtrąceń niemetalicznych użyto trójskładnikowych układów równowagi. Struktura podstawowej osnowy stali została ujawniona za pomocą trawienia. Ocena wykazała, iż przy odlewaniu dwóch kolejnych odlewów, można zakładać pewien stopień niejednorodności składu chemicznego, zwłaszcza w dolnej części wlewka, zwłaszcza przy różnych składach chemicznych. Stwierdzono również większą segregację siarki w centralnej części wlewka Jednakże, mikroczystość całego wlewka jest na ogół bardzo dobra, przy niskich proporcjach wtrąceń niemetalicznych.