Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Kompensacja przemieszczeń w ścianach osłonowych z uwagi na osiadanie i wychylenie budynków posadowionych na terenach górniczych i pogórniczych

Kucharski Michał, Dohojda Marek

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2023

|

R. 79, nr 11-12

583--588

PL

Z uwagi na wpływ eksploatacji górniczej konstrukcje budynków są obarczone dużym ryzykiem nierównomiernego osiadania fundamentów, czego efektem będą znaczące przemieszczenia poziome i pionowe, co w efekcie wpływa na możliwości montażu ścian kurtynowych. Aby przeciwdziałać, należy wziąć pod uwagę możliwości kompensacji w systemach fasadowych, w szczególności z zastosowaniem szklenia wielkoformatowego, gdzie zmiana geometrii budynku jest najistotniejsza, a deformacja szklenia lub jego pękanie od występujących przemieszczeń w płaszczyźnie elewacji jest najbardziej prawdopodobne. W artykule opisano rozwiązania kompensacji przemieszczeń stosowanych w ścianach kurtynowych.

EN

Due to mining damage, building structures are at high risk of uneven foundation settlement, resulting in significant horizontal and vertical displacement, which in turn affects the ability to install curtain walling. To counteract this, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of compensation in façade systems, and in particular with large-format glazing, where the change in building geometry is most significant and deformation of the glazing or its cracking from occurring displacements in the plane of the façade is most likely. This paper describes the displacement compensation solutions used in curtain walling.

2

Effects of detection system parameters on cross-correlations between MUAPs generated from parallel and inclined muscle fibres

Messaoudi Noureddine, Bekka Raïs El’hadi, Belkacem Samia

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 27, Iss. 1

87--97

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inter-electrode distance (IED), electrode radius (ER) and electrodes configurations on cross-correlation coefficient (CC) between motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) generated in a motor unit (MU) of parallel fibres and in a MU of inclined fibres with respect to the detection system. The fibres inclination angle (FIA) varied from 0° to 180° by a step of 5°. Six spatial filters (the longitudinal single differential (LSD), longitudinal double differential (LDD), bi-transversal double differential (BiTDD), normal double differential (NDD), an inverse binomial filter of order two (IB2) and maximum kurtosis filter (MKF)), three values of IED and three values of ER were considered. A cylindrical multilayer volume conductor constituted by bone, muscle, fat and skin layers was used to simulate the MUAPs. The cross-correlation coefficient analysis showed that with the increase of the FIA, the pairs of MUAPs detected by the IB2 system were more correlated than those detected by the five other systems. For each FIA, the findings also showed that the MUAPs pairs detected by BiTDD, NDD, IB2 and MKF systems were more correlated with smaller IEDs than with larger ones, while inverse results were found with the LSD and LDD systems. In addition, the pairs of MUAPs detected by the LDD, BiTDD, IB2 and MKF systems were more correlated with large ERs than with smaller ones. However, inverse results were found with the LSD and NDD systems.

3

Nowy dach do gruntownego remontu

Nowicki Dariusz

Materiały Budowlane

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2021

|

nr 6

10--11

4

Monitoring wychylenia wieży szybowej Szybu II w KWK „Borynia-Zofiówka” Ruch „Borynia”

Lubosik Zbigniew, Skowronek Tomasz, Zmarzły Marian

Przegląd Górniczy

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2020

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T. 76, nr 11-12

16--23

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki monitoringu wychyleń wieży Szybu II KWK „Borynia-Zofiówka” Ruch „Borynia”. Monitoring realizowany był z wykorzystaniem opracowanego w Głównym Instytucie Górnictwa systemu monitoringu drgań i wychyleń opartego na laserowym czujniku drgań i wychyleń. Zaprezentowano wychylenia zarejestrowane w lipcu 2020 r. za pomocą czujników umieszczonych na wysokości kół linowych oraz na wysokości zastrzału Szybu II. Wychylenie mierzono w kierunkach E-W i N-S. Dokonano analizy wyników monitoringu wychyleń oraz wpływu temperatury na ich wartość.

EN

The paper presents selected results of monitoring of inclination of Shaft II of Coal Mine “Borynia-Zofiówka” Plant “Borynia”. The monitoring was conducted by means of vibration and inclination monitoring system developed at Central Mining Institute which is based on the laser vibration and inclination sensor. The inclination results recorded in July 2020 by sensors placed at the height of the rope pulleys and on the strut were presented. The inclination was measured in E-W and N-S directions. The analyses of the inclination monitoring results and the influence of the temperature on its value were also performed.

5

Structural damage detection of elevated circular water tank and its supporting system using geodetic techniques

Zeidan Zaki, Beshr Ashraf A. A., Sameh Sara

Geodesy and Cartography

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2020

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Vol. 69, no. 1

117--140

EN

Water is the main source of daily life for everyone and everywhere in the world. Sufficient water distribution depends on the place and design of water tank in certain areas. Water storage tanks are relatively flexible structures and they can tolerate greater settlements than other engineering structures. Deformation of tanks may cause severe damages to tank or even loss of life and injury to people, so monitoring the structural deformation and dynamic response of water tank and its supporting system to the large variety of external loadings has a great importance for maintaining tank safety and economical design of manmade structures. This paper presents an accurate geodetic observations technique to investigate the inclination of an elevated circular water tank and the deformation of its supporting structural system (supporting columns and circular horizontal beams) using reflector-less total station. The studied water tank was designed to deliver water to around 55000 person and has a storage capacity about 750 m3. Due to the studied water tank age, a non-uniform settlement of tank foundation and movement of pumps and electric machines under tank’s body will cause stress and strain for tanks membrane and settlement of sediments. So the studied water tank can tend to experience movement vertically, horizontally or both. Three epochs of observations were done (July 2014, September 2014 and December 2014). The results of the practical measurements, calculations and analysis of the interesting deformation of the studied elevated tanks and its supporting system using least squares theory and computer programs are presented. As a results of monitoring the water storage tank, circular reinforced concrete beams and columns at three monitoring epochs. The body of water storage tank has an inclination to the east direction and the value of inclination is increased with the time.

6

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of the Angle of Inclination of the Screen on the Intensity of Heat Exchange from a Flat Heat Exchanger in a Partially Limited Space

Orłowska Magdalena, Szkarowski Aleksander, Mamedov Shirali

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 1

728--737

EN

The purpose of the work was to perform a numerical analysis enabling to learn the influence of the angle of inclination of a flat partition placed at the plate heat exchanger on the thermal efficiency of the device. It turns out that the inclination of the partition affects this efficiency. Selected systems allowed to capture these changes in the studied range and to visualize them graphically.

PL

Celem pracy było wykonanie analizy numerycznej umożliwiającej poznanie wpływu kąta pochylenia przegrody płaskiej umieszczonej przy płytowym wymienniku ciepła na wydajność cieplną urządzenia. Okazuje się, że pochylenie przegrody ma wpływ na tą wydajność. Wybrane układy pozwoliły uchwycić te zmiany w badanym zakresie i zobrazować graficznie.

7

Problemy łączenia długich blach trapezowych

Patoka Krzysztof

Materiały Budowlane

|

2019

|

nr 7

36--37

8

VSP polarization angles determination: Wysin-1 processing case study

Zaręba M., Danek T.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

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Vol. 66, no. 5

1047--1062

EN

In this paper, we present an analysis of borehole seismic data processing procedures required to obtain high-quality vertical stacks and polarization angles in the case of walkaway VSP (vertical seismic profile) data gathered in challenging conditions. As polarization angles are necessary for more advanced procedures like anisotropy parameters determination, their quality is critical for proper media description. Examined Wysin-1 VSP experiment data indicated that the best results can be obtained when rotation is performed for each shot on data after de-noising and vertical stacking of un-rotated data. Additionally, we proposed a procedure of signal matching that can substantially increase data quality.

9

Tolerancje wykonawcze obiektów budowlanych w aspekcie procesu rektyfikacji

Niemiec T., Zaborek R.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2017

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T. 73, nr 1

48--58

PL

Tolerancje wykonawcze budowli (wymiary) są funkcją jej części składowych; cegły bądź innych elementów prefabrykowanych oraz sposobu ich montażu. Deformacje podłoża spowodowane na przykład eksploatacją górniczą, wywołują deformacje obiektu budowlanego. Rektyfikacja powoduje przywrócenie prawidłowych walorów budowli, a w szczególności likwiduje jego pochylenie. Z licznych pomiarów pochylenia ścian (i posadzek) wykonanych przed procesem prostowania obiektów wybrano losowo 70 zbiorów domów jednorodzinnych i 75 zbiorów budynków wielorodzinnych -5 i 11-kondygnacyjnych. Przeanalizowano wartości odchyleń standardowych pomierzonych pochyleń ścian. Wahają się one od 2 mm/m do 14 mm/m. Zakładając, że odchylenie standardowe jest miarą dokładności wykonania, stwierdzono, że jedynie dla 14 budynków jednorodzinnych są one mniejsze niż wymagana w normach wartość – czyli 3 mm/m. Dla budynków wielorodzinnych jest gorzej – tu dokładność wykonania jest dotrzymana jedynie w 4 przypadkach. Pomiary pochylenia wykonywane dla potrzeb rektyfikacji, pozwalają na ocenę jakości wykonania budowli.

EN

Executing tolerances of structures (dimensions) are function of their components; brick or other prefabricated elements and the method of assembly. For example, the deformation of the ground caused by mining activities results in deformation of buildings. Rectification restores the proper qualities of buildings, in particular eliminates the inclination. 70 sets of single- -family houses and 75 sets of apartment buildings (5 and 11 floors) were randomly selected from numerous measurements of walls (and floors) inclinations. We analyzed the standard deviation of the measured inclination of walls. It ranges from 2 mm/m to 14 mm/m. Assuming that the standard deviation is a measure of precision of the implementation, it was found that only 14 single-family houses are smaller than the desired value in the standards - which is 3 mm/m. For apartment buildings it is worse - the accuracy of execution is observed only in 4 cases. Measurements of inclination performed for rectification, allow to evaluate the quality of the buildings erection.

10

The efficiency of different orientations of photovoltaic systems

Seme S., Krawczyk A., Łada-Tondyra E., Štumberger B., Hadžiselimović M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2017

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R. 93, nr 1

201--204

EN

This paper compares the efficiency of different orientations of photovoltaic systems under outdoor conditions over the five-year period in Slovenia. The four different photovoltaic systems were analysed with the same mono-crystalline silicon solar modules. The impact of orientation and inclination on efficiency are evaluated. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the efficiency of the photovoltaic systems depends on the solar irradiation and temperature of solar modules. Based on the analysis and measurements for different photovoltaic systems, the optimal orientation and inclination are presented.

PL

W artykule porównano wydajność systemów fotowoltaicznych o różnej orientacji w warunkach pracy zewnętrznej podczas pięcioletniej ich aktywności na terenie Słowenii. Badano cztery różne systemy fotowoltaiczne z tym samym monokrystalicznym modułem krzemowym. Wpływ orientacji i odchylenia na wydajność tych systemów zostały poddane ewaluacji. Analiza otrzymanych danych pokazuje, że wydajność systemów fotowoltaicznych zależy od promieniowania słonecznego i temperatury modułów. Bazując na analizie i pomiarach czterech systemów fotowoltaicznych wyznaczono optymalną orientację i odchylenie.

11

Average course approximation of measured subsidence and inclinations of mining area by smooth splines

Orwat J., Mielimąka R.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2017

|

Vol. 16, iss. 1

8--13

EN

The results of marking average courses of subsidence measured on the points of measuring line no. 1 of the “Budryk” Hard Coal Mine, set approximately perpendicularly to a face run of four consecutively mined longwalls in coal bed 338/2 have been presented in the article. Smooth splines were used to approximate the average course of measured subsidence after subsequent exploitation stages. The minimising of the sum of the squared differences between the average and forecasted subsidence, using J. Bialek's formula, was used as a selection criterion of parameter values of smoothing an approximating function. The parameter values of this formula have been chosen in order to match forecasted subsidence with measured ones. The average values of inclinations have been calculated on the basis of approximated values of observed subsidence. It has been shown that by doing this the average values of extreme measured inclinations can be obtained in almost the same way as extreme observed inclinations. It is not necessary to divide the whole profile of a subsidence basin into parts. The obtained values of variability coefficients of a random scattering for subsidence and inclinations are smaller than their values which occur in the literature.

12

δ13 C variation in carbonate platform sediments of the Northern Tethys in Late Jurassic

Rudko S.V., Kuznetsov A.B., Pokrovsky B.G.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 1

124--125

EN

Сarbon isotopic composition of Late Jurassic sediments displays a trend of 13 C depletion in the World ocean. Meanwhile, depending on local paleogeographical conditions, δ 13 C curves for different palaeoprovinces differ in inclinations and absolute values (Nunn & Price 2010). That is why a separate δ 13 C curve needs to be developed for every specific region. After such development, the inverse problem – correlation of the sedimentary complex by comparing δ 13 C parameters – can be solved. A comparison of δ 13 C values in contemporaneous sediments can be also used as an instrument for testing paleogeographical and paleoecological models. Previous δ 13 C data for the Upper Jurassic sediments of the Tethys region were obtained for its Western passive margin and Central Atlantics (Padden et al. 2002, Coimbra et al. 2009). These data have been acquired from precisely dated hemipelagic sediments containing index fauna and epioceanic Ammonitico-Rosso facies. In the current study we present δ 13 C variations in carbonate platform sediments from the backarc basin of the Northern Tethys (N20° to N40°) (Meijers et al. 2010) mostly based on Sr-chemostratigraphic correlation and dating of carbonate complexes. We studied Sr, C and O isotopic composition of the Upper Jurassic carbonate complexes of the Crimean Mountains. These complexes were formed under different conditions: Kimmeridgian and Early Tithonian sediments were deposited in shallow-water carbonate platform settings. In most cases they lack index fossils and their age is defined by Sr-chemostratigraphy (Rudko et al. 2014); Late Tithonian to Early Berriasian sediments were sampled from a carbonate platform reef facies, slope and toe of slope carbonate megabreccias. Reef and breccias deposits were dated using Sr-chemostratigraphy, and confirmed by calpionellide biostratigraphy. In the absence of well preserved faunal remnants in the studied sections, limestone samples with the best preservation of primary sedimentary textures were collected for Sr isotopic–geochemical studies. Samples with large calcite veins or abundant epigenetic sparite were excluded from this research. Limestone samples for reconstructing the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic parameters of depositional environments were selected using geochemical criteria (Mn/Sr < 0.2, Fe/Sr < 1.6, Mg/Ca < 0.024; δ 18 О > −1.5‰) and subjected to preliminary treatment in a 1 N ammonium acetate solution. From more then 100 analyzed samples only 13 best preserved were used to provide correlation between sections and the age of strata. Most of samples used to determine C isotopic composition are represented by micritic limestones with low content of sparry cements and fragments of primary aragonitic grains. The content of insoluble impurities in limestones does not exceed 9%. All selected samples display no correlation between the amount of siliciclastic impurities, δ 13 C and δ 18 О values. δ 13 C values in the measured samples vary between +1 and 3.5‰, δ 18 О: from −2.9‰ to +1,3‰. C – isotopic composition in 44 samples was considered to be diagenetically unaffected and they were selected to provide δ 13 C curve. According to the results of comparison of stable isotope composition with microfacies of samples, δ 13 C values are not environment-dependent in contrast to δ 18 О, which are slightly enriched in 18 O in offshore and slope facies. The measured values of δ 13 С are falling from an average 3.2‰ in Late Kimmeridgian through 2.6‰ in Early Tithonian to 1.7‰ in Late Tithonian – Early Berriasian. This corresponds to the global δ 13 С trend in Upper Jurassic sediments (Nunn & Price 2010). Among other Kimmeridgian – Berriasian carbonates the Northern Tethys carbonate platform deposits are 0.5–1‰ higher than δ 13 С from the Western Tethys (Coimbra et al. 2009). The following factors (or their combinations) may explain observed 13 C-enriched isotopic composition of the Northern Tethyan backarc basin deposits: 1. increased amount of shallow-water allochems and cements in the sediments of carbonate platform and its aprons, compared to hemipelagites of Western Tethyan margin; 2. increased bioproductivity of photosynthetic organisms – cyanobacteria and green algae that played an important role in the studied Upper Jurassic carbonate platform deposits (Krajewski 2010, Piskunov et al. 2012, Bucur et al. 2014), removed large quantity of light carbon from water, leading to 13 C enrichment of bicarbonate. It is interesting to note that volcanic activity on Tethyan active margin seems not to have an impact on δ 13 С values of the studied sediments.

13

Nachylenie połaci z pokryciem z blach profilowanych

Patoka K.

Materiały Budowlane

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2015

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nr 4

82--83

14

Stopnie szczelności dachów pokrytych blachodachówkami

Patoka K.

Materiały Budowlane

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2014

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nr 6

7--8

15

High voltage power transmission line in undermined areas

Cernota P., Schenk J., Muckova J.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2013

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R. 14, nr 2

1--6

EN

The line structures situated in the undermined area are impacted and endangered by the underground mining. The present article focuses on impacts of mining on the high voltage transmission lines. Theoretical calculations are illustrated by a practical example for specific conditions including the evaluation of the behaviour of this line structure within the subsidence basin. We discuss the behaviour of the transmission towers, their movements, i.e. not only subsidence but also inclination, which result in stress or, on the contrary, in bending of the conductors and if the allowable stress of the conductors is surpassed, it could damage the conductors.

PL

W projekcie linii energetycznych zlokalizowanych na terenach eksploatacji górniczej należy uwzględnić wpływ i zagrożenia wynikające z lokalizacji. Artykuł jest poświęcony wpływie górnictwa podziemnego na linie przesyłowe wysokiego napięcia. Przedstawiono obliczenia teoretyczne dla przypadku rzeczywistego dla szczególnych warunków, przedstawiono ocenę wpływu osiadania powierzchni na linię przesyłową. Omówiono zachowanie się wież transmisyjnych, ich przemieszczeń a także odkształcanie przewodów w wyniku szkód górniczych i odkształcania powierzchni.

16

Prognozowanie wpływów eksploatacji górniczej z uwzględnieniem prędkości frontu i losowości procesu

Niemiec T.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2012

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T. 68, nr 8

192--203

PL

W artykule przedstawiono algorytmy do prognozowania wpływów eksploatacji górniczej na powierzchnię. Rezultatem obliczeń są przebiegi zmienności wskaźników deformacji w funkcji czasu. Przedstawiono przykłady obliczeniowe typowych, używanych najczęściej w praktyce wskaźników deformacji wraz z charakterystycznymi dla nich wstęgami odchyleń standardowych (korytarzami błędów).

EN

The article presents algorithms for the prediction of mining exploitation influence on the surface. The result of calculations are the courses of variability of deformation indices in the function of time. Calculation examples of typical most frequently used in the practice deformation indices together with characteristic for them standard deviation strips (corridors of errors) were presented.

17

Wpływ nachylenia okien i szyb zespolonych na współczynnik przenikania ciepła

Owczarek Z.

Prace Instytutu Techniki Budowlanej

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2009

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R. 38, nr 2

3-22

PL

Odchylenie okien i szyb zespolonych od pozycji pionowej pogarsza ich izolacyjność cieplną (współczynnik przenikania ciepła Ug i Uw). Ponieważ laboratoria zwykle są wyposażone w aparaturę umożliwiającą badanie szyb i okien usytuowanych w pozycji pionowej, dlatego w niniejszym artykule zaproponowano prosty sposób obliczania projektowej wartości współczynnika przenikania ciepła przez okna nachylone do poziomu pod kątem innym niż 90°. Sposób ten opracowano na podstawie wyników badań i obliczeń współczynnika przenikania ciepła przez szyby jedno- i dwukomorowe.

EN

Deviation of windows and insulation glass units from vertical position causes deterioration of their thermal insulation (thermal transmittance Ug and Uw). Because laboratories are usually equipped — with apparatus for testing glazing and windows in vertical position, therefore in this paper, the simplified method of calculation of design thermal transmittance (Uw - value) of windows inclined to the level at other angle than 90° was proposed. This method was based on the results of tests and calculations of thermal transmittance for double and triple glazing.

18

Estymacja przechyłki torów kolejowych podczas ruchu z dużą prędkością

Popowski S., Dąbrowski W.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2009

|

R. 13, nr 2

732-740

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metody estymacji przechyłki torów kolejowych podczas ruchu z dużą prędkością. Realizowane jest to dwutorowo. Raz poprzez pomiar odpowiedniej składowej przyspieszenia ziemskiego, na platformie umieszczonej na pojeździe, przy uwzględnieniu działającego przyspieszenia bocznego wynikającego z ruchu po łuku. A drugi raz poprzez całkowanie zmierzonej prędkości kątowej. W procesie estymacji następuje integracja obu pomiarów.

EN

The article presents methods for track cross inclination estimation, performed during high speed motion of the vehicle. The process is realized in two phases. The first phase is the measurement of the appropriate gravity vector component, performed on vehicle located platform, while the transversal acceleration resulted from the motion along curved trajectory is taken into account. The second phase is the integration of the measured angular velocity. The estimation process is finalized by the fusion of the results of both phases.

19

Analysis of the inclination of elongated biological objects : microtubules

Koprowski R., Wrobel Z.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2008

|

Vol. 17, No. 1/2

201-215

EN

In the paper we propose a new method for determining the inclination angle of microtubules. The method allows us to obtaining an angular inclination histogram, taking into account the area of microtubules rather than their number only. We present two kinds of microtubule approximation: global and local one. In the global approach microtubules are approximated with one or more straight lines, whereas the local approach defines a direction field for each pixel.

20

Wpływ wzdłużnego nachylenia sita dwupłaszczyznowego na czystość ziarna zbieranego kombajnem zbożowym

Bieniek J., Banasiak J., Pogoda G.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

|

R. 12, nr 4(102)

105-110

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań eksploatacyjnych-polowych sita dwupłaszczyznowego zamontowanego w kombajnie zbożowym. Badania przeprowadzono w gospodarstwach rolnych województwa dolnośląskiego na polach o nachyleniu do 15°. Pobierano próby ziarna w warunkach jazdy kombajnu pod górę, przy nastawionych założonych nachyleniach sekcji uchylnej sita [delta] = 0°, 5°, 10° i 15.° Uzyskana wysoka czystość zbieranego ziarna pszenicy powyżej 99% potwierdziła poprawność funkcjonalną i możliwość zastosowania omawianego sita w tym kombajnie, do pracy w terenach nachylonych.

EN

The paper presents the results of field investigation of the operation of a two-plane sieve mounted in a combine harvester. The testing was carried out on farms located in the Lower Silesia province, in the fields, the slope of which did not exceed 15°. Samples of seeds were taken when the combine harvester was going upwards, the inclination of the adjustable section of the sieve being set to [delta] = 0°, 5°, 10° and 15°. The high purity of the harvested wheat seeds, more than 99%, proves that the sieve operates correctly and it is possible to use it in this combine harvester for operations on sloping surfaces.