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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the marine food web: herrings from the southern Baltic Sea (Clupea harengus) - penguins from the zoo (Spheniscus demersus)

Reindl A. R., Bolałek J., Falkowska L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 1

51-58

EN

The aim of this project was to study the fate of chemically persistent organochlorine xenobiotics in the marine link of the food web, between penguins and herrings (Clupea harengus), which are the only food for Spheniscus demersus from the Gdańsk Zoo. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCBz), pentachlorobenzene (PCBz), trichlorobenzene (TCBz) and the .- HCH isomer were determined in Baltic herrings, in muscles, fat and liver of penguins, unhatched eggs, contour feathers and guano. The highest concentrations of fungicides were observed for HCBz. Fungicides were not detected in the liver of penguins and herrings. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for fungicides reached the highest values in the penguin brain. The highest biomagnification factor (BMF) for PCBz was determined in the muscle tissue and for lindane – in liver. It was confirmed that detoxification of penguins occurred through deposition of fungicides and lindane in guano and through epithelial tissue and eggs.

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Composition of fatty acids and sterols composition in brown shrimp Crangon crangon and herring Clupea harengus membras from the Baltic Sea

Mika A., Gołębiowski M., Skorkowski E.F., Stepnowski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 2

57-64

EN

The composition and the content of lipids, fatty acids and sterols during spawning (spring) in different tissues of herring Clupea harengus membras were compared with quantities of lipid compounds in abdomen muscle of brown shrimp Crangon crangon. The largest quantity of fatty acids in lipids (93.7%), was observed in fish muscle. The liver was characterized by a higher content and variety of sterols (about 4.6 times more than in fish muscle), and in fish sperm, additional fatty acids were identified and the highest amount of EPA and DHA (22% and 34% of fatty acids, respectively) was recorded. The brown shrimp, despite its small size, contained significantly more lipids than the Baltic herring per g of tissues. Fatty acids were at the same level (83% of the total lipids in shrimp muscle and 93.7% in fish muscle), but the amount of sterols was significantly higher in the muscle of shrimp (5.50 š0.31 mg g-1, 17% of total sterols, n=10) than in fish muscle (1.33 š0.04 mg g-1, 6.3% of total lipids, n=6). And thus, shrimp is a good source of food for higher trophic levels, and in consequence – a good source of PUFAs for humans. With these results we prove that shrimp and herring play an important role in the supply of EFAs, which has great pharmaceutical and medical benefits.

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Wpływ technologii utrwalania na jakość mikrobiologiczną śledzi

Kukułowicz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2011

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nr 68

42-46

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost produkcji przemysłu rybnego. Ze względu na podatność surowca rybnego na psucie narażony jest on na rozwój niepożądanej mikroflory. Zanieczyszczenie mikrobiologiczne wzrasta wraz z nieprzestrzeganiem zasad higieny na wszystkich etapach przebiegu przetwórstwa rybnego. Głównymi metodami utrwalania śledzi, po których nadają się one do bezpośredniego spożycia, są: solenie, wędzenie i marynowanie. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu technologii utrwalania śledzi bałtyckich na ich jakość mikrobiologiczną.

EN

In the recent years there has been a growth of production in the fishing industry. Because of the liability of raw fish material it is exposed to the development of undesirable microflora. Microbiological pollution increases along with the failure of hygiene at all stages of fish processing. Main methods of herring preservation, after which they are ready for direct consumption, are: salting, smoking and marinating. The purpose of carried research was to assess the influence of preservation technology of Baltic herrings on their microbiological quality.

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Diet composition of herring (Clupea harengus L.) and cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the southern Baltic Sea in 2007 and 2008

Dziaduch D.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.4

96-109

EN

cod, were studied in some regions (mainly Gdańsk and Bornholm Basins, and the Polish coast) of the southern Baltic Sea in 2007 and 2008. Herring is the dominant zooplanktivorous species in the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea, but apart from mesoplanktonic organisms it also eats macroplanktonic and benthic species in considerable amount. The diet of cod consists of fish and crustaceans from pelagic, hyperbenthic and benthic habitats. The feeding preferences of fish indirectly reflect changes in the whole food chain in the Baltic Sea. This research focuses specifically on these invertebrate species, which are eliminated from the environment by most of the ichthyofauna of this region. The aim of this research is to examine the role of invertebrate organisms belonging to Crustacea in the diet of herring and adult cod to supply updated results about feeding of these fish as little data have been collected since the 1990s. The present study is a preliminary survey and results can not be considered conclusive. The restricted numbers of analyzed stomachs of fish and selected seasons of the year addressed in this paper are a starting point for further studies with a larger scope. In this study, 20 to 90% of herring had empty stomachs. Mesozooplankton dominated the diets of small and large herring. Mysidacea, which were historically important prey for herring, are now scarce and have been replaced by planktonic Amphipoda. In the case of cod, consumption of Mysidacea has never been as low as in this study. As for other invertebrate prey, the benthic isopod Saduria and Crangon shrimp achieved the highest amount by number and weight. These results show distinct changes in diet when compared to previous investigations and require verification at a larger spatial scale.

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Third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) in the Great Cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins (Blumenbach, 1798)] from the Vistula Lagoon, Poland

Kanarek G., Rolbiecki L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.1

23-28

EN

Five out of 28 Great Cormorants collected in spring 2005 from the Vistula Lagoon were found to contain a total of 19 (16 in the stomach and 3 in the intestine) stage III larvae of Anisakis simplex. Spring is the season when nematode-infected herring from the western Baltic, Danish straits, and the North Sea arrive in the Vistula Lagoon and transmit the infection to cormorants feeding on them. This study is the first record of A. simplex larvae in the Great Cormorant.

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Decreasing trend of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in herring from the southern Baltic Sea

Sapota G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.1

15-21

EN

The aim of this work was to examine the level of POPs (DDT and its metabolites, isomers of HCH, HCB and PCBs) in pelagic herring (Clupea harengus) caught in the southern Baltic Sea once a year during the period 1998-2003. Historical time trends of POPs from the 1970s to the year 1998 were calculated on the basis of the HELCOM Database. The measurements executed within Integrated Monitoring Programme of the Baltic Sea Environment HELCOM/COMBINE confirm that declines in the levels of PCBs and DDT have occurred in some fish from the Baltic Sea over the past 30 years. In herring muscle PCBs have decreased to about 15% of levels of the early 1970s and DDT to 5% of 1970s levels.

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Antyoksydacyjne właściwości biostymulatora mumio-asil w tkance mięśniowej śledzi w czasie zamrażalniczego przechowywania

Stodolnik L., Biegus P.

Chłodnictwo : organ Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej

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1998

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Vol. 33 / nr 5

45-48

PL

Analizowano wpływ mumio-asil w stężeniu 0,25, 0,50 i 0,75% na przemiany oksydacyjne lipidów zmielonej tkanki mięśniowej śledzi bałtyckich, przechowywanej w temperaturze - 25°C przez trzy miesiące. Stwierdzono, że biostymulator zastosowany w stężeniu 0,50 i 0,75% efektywnie inhibitował nagromadzanie się wtórnych produktów utlenienia. Ogólna aktywność antyoksydacyjna mumio, obliczona na podstawie zawartości hydronadtlenków, aldehydu malonowego, dienów i trienów wynosiła odowiednio 13,1 i 30,7% aktywności butylohydroksyanizolu (BHA).

EN

The effect of 0,25,0,50 and 0,75% concentrations of a biostimulator mumio-asil on the frozen stability of lipids in the minced muscle tissue of the Baltic herring was determined by chemical evaluation. The samples were stored at - 25°C for 3 months. The results indicated that the biostimulator used in the levels of 0,50 and 0,75% effectively inhibited formation of secondary oxidation products. The total an-tioxidative activity of mumio-asil, calculated based on the content of hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, dienes and trienes, represented 13,1 and 30,7% (respectively) of the activity of 0,01% buthylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).