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1
Content available Attitude Control System for an Earth observation satellite
Narkiewicz Janusz, Grünvald Szabolcs, Sochacki Mateusz
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2024
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Vol. 72, nr 2
art. no. e148612
EN
The objective of the research was to develop the Attitude Control System algorithm to be implemented in the Earth Observation Satellite System composed of leader-follower formation. The main task of the developed Attitude Control System is to execute attitude change manoeuvres required to point the axis of the image acquisition sensor to the fixed target on the Earth’s surface, while the satellite is within the segment of an orbit, where image acquisition is possible. Otherwise, the satellite maintains a nadir orientation. The control strategy is realized by defining the high-level operational modes and control laws to manage the attitude control actuators: magnetorquers used for desaturation of the reaction wheels and reaction wheels used for agile attitude variation. A six-degree-of-freedom satellite model was used to verify whether the developed Attitude Control System based on PID controllers for actuators performs attitude control in line with the requirements of an Earth Observation System. The simulations done for a variety of combinations of orbital parameters and surface target positions proved that the designed Attitude Control System fulfils the mission requirements with sufficient accuracy This high-level architecture supplemented by a more detailed control system model allowed proving efficient functionalities performance.
2
Content available Analysis of a Hybrid Guided Bomb Control System while Self-guided to a Ground Target
Grzyb Marta, Koruba Zbigniew
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
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2022
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Vol. 13, Nr 4 (50)
23--38
EN
This article presents a mathematical model and an algorithm for controlling a guided bomb to a moving and a stationary ground target. The target path was determined from the kinematic relationships of the reciprocal movement of the bomb and the ground target, based on the proportional approximation method. The analysed control system used sliding control, with the PID algorithm to determine the sliding plane. Three types of sliding planes were considered. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out for three types of controllers: classic PID, sliding and hybrid. Selected results of the computer simulation are listed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiony jest model matematyczny oraz algorytm sterowania bombą kierowaną na ruchomy oraz nieruchomy cel naziemny. Tor zadany wyznaczono ze związków kinematycznych ruchu wzajemnego bomby i celu naziemnego z wykorzystaniem metody proporcjonalnego zbliżania. Analizowany system sterowania opiera się o sterowanie ślizgowe z algorytmem PID do określenia płaszczyzny ślizgu. Rozpatrzone zostały trzy rodzaje płaszczyzn ślizgu. Dodatkowo dokonano analizy porównawczej dla trzech typów regulatorów: klasycznego PID, ślizgowego oraz hybrydowego. Przytoczone zostały wybrane wyniki symulacji komputerowej.
3
Content available Trends and challenges in unmanned surface vehicles (USV): From survey to shipping
Barrera C., Padron I., Luis F. S., Llinas O.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2021
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Vol. 15 No. 1
135--142
EN
Autonomy and unmanned systems have evolved significantly in recent decades, becoming a key routine component for various sectors and domains as an intrinsic sign of their improvement, the ocean not being an exception. This paper shows the transition from the research concept to the commercial product and related services for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV). Note that it has not always been easy in most cases due to the limitations of the technology, business, and policy framework. An overview of current trends in USV technology looking for a baseline to understand the sector where some experiences of the authors are shown in this work. The analysis presented shows a multidisciplinary approach to the field. USV's capabilities and applications today include a wide range of operations and services aimed at meeting the specific needs of the maritime sector. This important consideration for USV has yet to be fully addressed, but progress is being made.
4
Content available Modified trajectory tracking guidance for artillery rocket
Ożóg Rafał Józef, Jacewicz Mariusz Adam, Głębocki Robert
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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2020
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Vol. 58 nr 3
611--622
EN
This paper contributes to a modified guidance scheme based on a trajectory tracking method which is dedicated for an artillery rocket with a finite set of single use solid propellant side thrusters. Frequency modulation of pulses was used to achieve effective firing logic. The proposed control law is applicable in the last phase of flight when the rocket reaches the vertex of the trajectory. A correction engine activation sequence was chosen in such a way that possibility of rocket axial unbalance is minimized due to motors firing. Numerical simulation results indicate that significant dispersion reduction was achieved and the number of activated side rocket thrusters is minimized.
5
Content available Is full-autonomy the way to go towards maximizing the ocean potentials?
Zghyer R., Ostnes R., Halse K. H.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
|
Vol. 13, no. 1
33--42
EN
Growth prospects for ocean economy are promising because ocean industries are addressing challenges such as food security, energy security and climate change. However, safety and efficiency are the general challenges of ocean operations. Increased automation is believed to solve these problems. This paper discusses the impact of automation on safety and efficiency. A literature review of ‘Human factors’ mainly from the aviation and maritime industries is presented to untangle the human-machine relationship characteristics when increased automation is introduced to operators. A literature review of Hydrodynamics, Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) technologies is presented to introduce the state-of-art and associated limitations. It is concluded that, if the industry’s drive is safety and efficiency, then full-autonomy is, at present, not the way to go. Remote control, instead, could facilitate a feasible future, while focused research and development are in need.
6
Content available Dual-control missile guidance: a simulation study
Bużantowicz W., Pietrasieński J.
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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2018
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Vol. 56 nr 3
727--739
EN
Theoretical considerations and a simulation study concerning description and analysis of new autopilot structures and issues relating to conversion of guidance commands into deflections of a complex system of control surfaces aimed at minimizing the miss distance value are presented in this paper. Due to nonlinear and nonstationary nature of the phenomena associated with the guidance process, a significant role is assigned to simulation studies. A comparative analysis has been made of the guidance processes of three models of a dual-control missile, which differ in terms of formulae implemented in the control command converters.
7
Content available Multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm for ship’s trajectory planning
Lazarowska A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2017
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Vol. 11, no. 1
31--36
EN
The paper presents a new approach for solving a path planning problem for ships in the environment with static and dynamic obstacles. The algorithm utilizes a heuristic method, classified to the group of Swarm Intelligence approaches, called the Ant Colony Optimization. The method is inspired by a collective behaviour of ant colonies. A group of agents - artificial ants searches through the solution space in order to find a safe, optimal trajectory for a ship. The problem is considered as a multi-criteria optimization task. The criteria taken into account during problem solving are: path safety, path length, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) compliance and path smoothness. The paper includes the description of the new multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm along with the presentation and discussion of simulation tests results.
8
Content available Initial state evaluation algorithm using fuzzy Bellman method
Gruszecki J., Basmadji F. L.
Journal of KONES
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2017
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Vol. 24, No. 1
159--169
EN
The problem of UAV control along a predefined trajectory is a well know problem and there are several methods that could accomplish this task. However, adding final conditions that the UAV have to meet at the end of the trajectory makes this problem more difficult. In this article, the authors present a fuzzy based method that is not time consuming and can solve this problem. The algorithm for flying at low altitudes are aimed to ensure the maximum safety of the flight by considering only the acceleration values that are possible to achieve by the object. In particular, the article presents: flight trajectory over mountainous terrain, the structure of altitude control system, the structure of normal acceleration control system, exemplary calculations and an object with velocity equals, membership functions of angle of attack, solutions' illustration, flight path angle and pitch angle along the trajectory, the demanded and actual normal acceleration along the trajectory and flying object trajectory.
9
Content available remote Wybrane problemy konstrukcji minigłowicy optoelektronicznej z uwzględnieniem wymagań środowiskowych
Krawczak M., Machowski B., Sawicki G., Pergoł M.
Mechanik
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2016
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R. 89, nr 7
770--771
PL
Opisywana w artykule głowica optoelektroniczna była przewidziana jako element wyposażenia pokładowego bezzałogowego minisamolotu uderzeniowego, aby umożliwić sterowanie kamerami oraz stabilizację ich położenia podczas obserwacji obiektów na polu walki. Głowica została zaprojektowana do współpracy z dwiema kamerami: jedną pracującą w świetle widzialnym oraz drugą pracującą w podczerwieni.
EN
The optoelectronic head described in the article was predicted as the accessory deck unmanned mini of the shock plane enabling the guidance with cameras and stabilization of laying them during observation of objects on the battlefield. The head was designed for the cooperation with two cameras one working in the visible light and second working in the infrared.
10
Content available Istota i zadania inżynierii ekologicznej (ekoinżynierii)
Siuta J.
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
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2016
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Nr 46
1--15
PL
Inżynieria Ekologiczna zdecydowano wznowić treść tematu „Istota i zadania inżynierii ekologicznej” zamieszczonego w materiałach seminarium naukowego „Inżynieria środowiska rolniczego” (Lublin 1996), a także przedstawić najważniejsze dokonania PTIE oraz wynikające z nich wnioski. Inżynieria ekologiczna to teoretyczna i stosowana wiedza z wielu dziedzin nauki i techniki, stanowiąca podstawę racjonalnego użytkowania i ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego oraz naturalnych i antropogenicznych zasobów. Służy ona ekologicznemu rozwojowi cywilizacji. Zręby inżynierii ekologicznej są najstarszymi (obok medycyny) dziedzinami nauki i techniki. Po wznowionym tekście omówiono wiodące działania i dokonania Polskiego Towarzystwa Inżynierii Ekologicznej w latach 1990–2014.
EN
To mark the 25th Anniversary of the Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE) and the 15th Anniversary of the journal “Inżynieria Ekologiczna - Ecological Engineering” it was decided to come back with the contribution on „Essence and tasks of ecological engineering” first published in the proceedings of scientific seminar on „Engineering of agricultural environment” held in Lublin 1996, as well as to report on the most significant achievements of the PTIE and the conclusions resulting therefrom. Ecological engineering encompasses both theoretical and applied knowledge covering many fields of science and technology which provide fundamentals for a wise use and protection of the natural environment and anthropogenic resources. Ecological engineering supports environmental aspects of civilization development. The basics of ecological engineering are the oldest (next to medicine) fields of science and technology.
11
Content available Dynamika i sterowanie giroskopowego układu naprowadzania bomby na cel naziemny
Koruba Z., Grzyb M.
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
|
2015
|
Vol. 6, Nr 2 (20)
71-85
PL
W artykule przedstawiony jest algorytm naprowadzania bomby kierowanej na cel naziemny z wykorzystaniem układu giroskopowego. Rozpatrzone są różne przypadki realizacji toru programowego połączonego z samonaprowadzaniem w końcowym odcinku lotu. Przytoczone są niektóre wyniki symulacji komputerowej.
EN
The paper presents an algorithm of guiding the bomb on a ground target using the gyro system. There are considered different cases of the execution of flight path program combined with bomb homing in the final stretch of the flight. There are also quoted some of the results of computer simulation.
12
Content available Exploring spatial relationships : a strategy for guiding technological problem solving
Langley D., Zadok Y., Arieli R.
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
|
2014
|
Vol. 8, No. 1
30--36
EN
The growing realization of the benefits to individual students and to state economies, of providing science learners with opportunities to expand their knowledge, skills and experience of knowledge-based technological design has led to seeking instructional strategies to facilitate the transition from traditional school settings to project based learning environments. This paper refers to engaging high school physics and computer-science majors in challenging design projects which seek to activate and implement the often inert formal content knowledge within the context of designing and constructing systems dealing with real world engineering challenges in robotics and electro-optics. In this paper we suggest that visualization of the problem space and guided exploration of its spatial relationships can promote the elicitation of relevant formal knowledge and lead to creative solution design. These methods are described in the context of designing and programming robot navigation and in the context of developing remote distance sensors.
13
Content available Analiza porównawcza naprowadzania bomby na cel naziemny z wykorzystaniem specjalnego układu wykonawczego
Grzyb M., Stefański K.
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
|
2012
|
R. 16, nr 2
392-397
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę porównawczą dwóch metod naprowadzania bomby kierowanej na cel naziemny. Próba takiej analizy podjęta została dla jednej z możliwości sterowania lotem bomby kierowanej, którą zaprezentowano w rozwiązaniu patentowym [1] i rozwinięto w pracy [2]. Układ wykonawczy stanowi szybko obracający się wirnik, zawieszony na przegubie Cardana. Wyniki badań symulacji komputerowej przedstawiono w postaci graficznej.
EN
The work presents a comparative analysis of two methods for the guidance of a guided bomb against a ground target. One of the methods analyzed was the patented solution described in Ref. [1]. The executive system includes a high-speed rotor mounted on a universal joint. The computer simulation results were represented graphically.
14
Content available Obliczanie nastaw do strzelania dla artylerii polowej w systemach kierowania ogniem
Mendel M.
Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia
|
2007
|
R. 36, z. 103
91--98
PL
W artykule przedstawiono klasyczną metodę liczenia nastaw artylerii polowej, jej zalety i wady oraz korzyści wynikające z zastosowania komputerów w systemach kierowania ogniem (SKO). Dzięki zastosowaniu komputerów można liczyć nastawy dokładniej i szybciej co zostało omówione w części dotyczącej algorytmu liczenia nastaw w SKO artylerii polowej.
EN
The conventional and modern methods to calculate settings for the field artillery firing are presented and compared in the paper focusing on the advantages provided by the application of computers in Fire Control Systems (FCS). Computers provide possibilities to calculate settings in a quicker and more accurate way what was described by presentation of an algorithm for the setting calculation.
15
Możliwości i ograniczenia sterowania impulsowego w przeciwpancernych pociskach moździerzowych naprowadzanych bezpośrednio
Baranowski L., Gacek J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Mechanika
|
2004
|
Z. 80
25-31
PL
W pracy przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne dokładności samonaprowadzania przeciwpancernego pocisku moździerzowego. Obliczenia numeryczne oparto o model matematyczny lotu przestrzennego pocisku sterowanego impulsowo zgodnie z metodą bezpośredniego naprowadzania. Wyniki przykładowych obliczeń przedstawiono w tabelach.
EN
In the paper we carry out simulation research of target-homing accuracy of anti-armour mortal projectile. Numerical calculation was based on the mathematical model of three-dimension flight of impulse control projectile according to the directly guiding method. Achievements of example calculations was presented in the table.
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