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1

Comparison of the cumulative energy demand of BEV’s and FCEV’s in their long-term operation

Sitnik Lech J.

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 1

24--29

EN

The paper presents a method of using the theory of cumulative energy demand to assess this demand in long-term operation of vehicles with a mileage forecast of up to 350,000 km. Based on the results of operational "consumption" of energy and taking into account the energy "costs" of obtaining it, a comparison of the currently popular BEV’s (Battery Electric Vehicles) and FCEV’s (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) was presented. The question arises how much energy must be used to propel vehicles in their natural operation. After calculating using available data, the answer is - by operating FCEV’s on average, two times more electricity is needed than by operating BEV’s.

2

Potential environmental life cycle impacts of fuel cell electric vehicles powered by hydrogen produced from Polish coke oven gas

Folęga Piotr, Burchart Dorota, Marzec Paweł, Jursova Simona, Pustejovska Pavlina

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 1

151--161

EN

This study analysed the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles’(FCEVs’) life cycles. These included models running on hydrogen derived from coke oven gas (COG), which is a by-product of the coking process of coal and includes hydrogen, methane, and other gases. FCEVs and hydrogen have the potential to drive future mobility. Hydrogen can be separated from the COG in the process of pressure swing adsorption to obtain a purity of hydrogen that meets the requirements of a hydrogen FCEV. An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of FCEV powered by hydrogen produced from Polish COG was conducted. The direction of hydrogen production strategies in Poland was also presented. The analyses included the entire life cycle of FCEVs with the production of hydrogen from COG in a Polish coke plant. A comparative analysis of FCEVs and other alternative fuels was conducted, and the main determinants of GHG emissions of FCEV were given. Importantly, this is the first attempt at an environmental assessment of FCEVs in Poland.

3

Life cycle assessment of fuel cells electric vehicles

Evtimov Ivan, Ivanov Rosen, Stanchev Hristo, Kadikyanov Georgi, Staneva Gergana

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 3

153--166

EN

In recent years, regarding the influence of the production processes and vehicles on the environment, new technical solutions for reducing air pollutions have been studied and developed. One of the new constructions is fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV). The production and running conditions of the vehicles are specific in different countries. Hence, a study of these conditions and fuel production process is needed. In this paper, a study of the FCEV efficiency, at different producing technologies of hydrogen (H2), is carried out. Life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used. A comparison, concerning fuel consumption and emissions as CO2 equivalent for the whole life cycle, is done for FCEV and conventional gasoline vehicle (GV). The influence of the energy mix and technology of production of hydrogen on spent energy and air pollution is analyzed. As the results show, in countries with CO2 emissions over 447 g per 1 kWh electricity, the technology of hydrogen production from natural gas is most effective. Now and in the near future, the ecological and financial advantages, connected to renovation of existing vehicle fleet with FCEV, are not absolutely verified.

4

Ecological and functional aspects of operation of electric vehicles with fuel cell

Gis Wojciech

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 2

165--176

EN

Hydrogen can have great importance in seven areas of necessary changes in the transformation of the power system, including transport (especially motor transport), industrial processes, thermal and energy production in the construction industry and production processes. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) do not cause local air pollution because they have zero “tailpipe” emissions. Essential are ecological and functional aspects of operating vehicles equipped with fuel cells. However, noteworthy is also the development of the refilling infrastructure. The functionality of FCEVs to a considerable degree depends on the functionality of fuel cells.

PL

Wodór może mieć ogromne znaczenie w siedmiu obszarach niezbędnych zmian transformacji systemu elektroenergetycznego, w tym w transporcie (zwłaszcza w transporcie samochodowym), procesach przemysłowych, produkcji ciepła i energii w budownictwie oraz procesach produkcyjnych. Elektryczne pojazdy wodorowe z ogniwami paliwowymi (FCEV) nie powodują lokalnie zanieczyszczenia powietrza, ponieważ mają zerową emisję z „wydechu”. Istotnymi są ekologiczne i funkcjonalne aspekty eksploatacji pojazdów wyposażonych w ogniwa paliwowe. Jednak istotnym jest także rozwój infrastruktury ich tankowania. Funkcjonalność pojazdów (FCEV) w istotnym stopniu zależy od funkcjonalności ogniw paliwowych.

5

State-of-the-Art High Power Density and High Efficiency DC-DC Chopper Circuits for HEV and FCEV Applications State-of-the-Art High Power Density and High Efficiency DC-DC Chopper Circuits for HEV and FCEV Applications

Kawamura A., Pavlovsky M., Tsuruta Y.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2008

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R. 84, nr 9

1-13

EN

Recent environmental issues have accelerated the use of more efficient and energy saving technologies in any area of our daily life. One of the major energy consumptions is in the transportation area, especially in the automobile field. DC/DC chopper circuits for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) and so on will be discussed in this paper from the view point of power density and efficiency. A typical power range of such converters can be in order of kWs up to over 100 kW with a short term overload requirement of often more than 200 %. Considering the state of the art, switching frequency of these converters is in the range from 50 kHz with IGBTs to 200 kHz with power MOSFETs, the power density peaks at about 25 kW/l, and the highest efficiency is close to 98 [%] depending on the load conditions. As can be seen from the brief introduction, the design of such converter presents multiple challenges from power density as well as efficiency point of view and these are discussed further in the paper.

PL

Współczesne wymogi ochrony środowiska naturalnego przyspieszyły wykorzystanie efektywnych i energooszczędnych technologii w przedmiotach powszechnego użytku. Jedną z dziedzin zużywających najwięcej energii jest transport, a zawłaszcza motoryzacja. W artykule przedstawiono analizę gęstości mocy i sprawności przekształtników typu DC/DC do zastosowań w samochodach elektrycznych z napędem hybrydowym (HEV) i samochodach elektrycznych z ogniwami paliwowymi (FCEV). Typowy zakres mocy takich przekształtników rozciąga się od pojedynczych kilowatów do ponad 100 kW, z krótkotrwałą przeciążalnością często przekraczającą 200 %. Biorąc pod uwagę najnowsze rozwiązania, częstotliwość przełączeń takich przekształtników osiąga od 50 kHz dla elementów IGBT, aż po 200 kHz dla tranzystorów mocy typu MOSFET, gęstość mocy osiąga 25 kW/l, a sprawność osiąga nawet 98%, zależnie od warunków obciążenia. W artykule przedyskutowano zagadnienie projektowanie takich przekształtników z punktu widzenia gęstości mocy i sprawności.