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1

Innovative Tool for Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Plates

Sobczak U., Wachowski M., Śnieżek L., Bajkowski M., Gocman K.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2017

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Vol. 41, No. 1

53--63

EN

The objective of the study was to analyze the level of wear of the tool made of sintered tungsten heavy sinter used for friction stir welding (FSW) of titanium alloys. The study includes an analysis of the microstructure of the tool, measurements of surface roughness, friction tests using 100Cr6 ball bearing and friction tests using a tungsten carbide WC. Based on the analysis of the presented results, it can be stated that the test material – pulled together with the titanium – will be characterized by high resistance to wear.

2

Wear characteristics and defects analysis of friction stir welded joint of aluminium alloy 6061-T6

Kumar R., Chattopadhyaya S., Hloch S., Krolczyk G., Legutko S.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 1

128--135

EN

This paper deals with the wear characteristics and defects developed during friction stir welding at different process parameter of aluminium alloy (AA) 6061-T6 having thickness 6 mm. Four welded samples are prepared with rotational speed 500 rpm, 710 rpm, 1000 rpm and with welding speed of 25 mm/min & 40 mm/min. Welded samples and base material are put in wear condition under grinding machine for 120 s. Material removal is measure by taking the difference of weight before and after wear. Different types of defects and fracture are observed on the wear surface. These defects and fractures are analysed under field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It is concluded that material removal from welded sample is less compared to base metal, hence wear resistance increases after friction stir welding.

PL

Praca dotyczy charakterystyki zużycia i uszkodzeń podczas zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem stopu aluminium (AA) 6061T6 o grubości 6 mm dla zmiennych parametrów. Cztery zgrzewane próbki były wykonane z prędkością obrotową 500 obr/min, 710 obr/min, 1000 obr/min dla prędkości zgrzewania 25 mm/min i 40 mm/min. Zgrzewane próbki i materiał bazowy były poddawane zużywaniu za pomocą szlifierki w czasie 120 s. Ubytek materiału mierzono jako różnicę wagi przed i po zużywaniu. Różne rodzaje wad i pęknięć zaobserwowano na zużytej powierzchni. Wady i pęknięcia analizowano za pomocą mikroskopu polowego (FESEM). Stwierdzono, że ubytek materiału ze zgrzewanych próbek jest mniejszy w porównaniu z ubytkiem dotyczącym materiału bazowego. Zwiększa się więc odporność na zużycie po zgrzewaniu tarciowym z przemieszaniem.

3

Stress corrosion cracking of welded joints of Al-Mg alloys

Czechowski M.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 3

41--45

EN

Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was used to test the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminium alloys AW 5083 and AW 5059 (Alustar) jointed by friction stir welding (FSW). The test was carried out in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Cylindrical notch-free specimens and cylindrical notched specimens (R = 5 mm) were used. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure – T [h], obtained max. load – F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) – E [MAJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen – A11.3 [%]; max. tensile stress – R [MPa] and narrowing – Z [%]. On the basis of obtained results, it was noted that FSW-welded joints show superior strength and resistance to stress corrosion, compared to MIG-welded joints. The fractions after SSRT testing were cleaved with some ductile areas. This article also gives the mechanical features of friction stir welded Al-Mg alloys. Tests have shown that the 5059 alloy, welded by FSW, has superior strength properties compared to the FSW 5083 alloy, along with comparable, good resistance to stress corrosion. FSW 5083 alloy joints have very good resistance to stress corrosion - better than those made using traditional welding methods (MUG). Original value are received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded Al-Mg alloy compared with traditional MIG method.

4

Fractography analysis of AW-7020 alloy joints welded by FSW

Dudzik K., Charchalis A.

Journal of KONES

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2014

|

Vol. 21, No. 1

67--74

EN

Technology development of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method for joining AW-7020 aluminum alloy elements was described. Two kinds of tools were used during research: with a regular pin and with a „TRI-FLUTE” pin. Tools were with different dimensions and the following parameters changed mandrel’s rotary speed Vn [rev/min], welding speed Vz [mm/min], angle of tool deflection αz [o]. The thickness of the joining sheets was g = 12 mm. The sheets were one side milled to a thickness of 10 mm in the contact portion. Samples were tested by Charpy impact strength according to PN-EN ISO 148-1:2010. After these tests, the samples were analysed by means of fractographic examination. The tests were made with using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Philips XL-30. The analysis has shown that there is the influence of the joining parameters and chosen tools for the possibility of occurrence welding defects in joints. Welding defects detected in the structure of joints after impact studies were: incomplete fusion, separations dissection, and cracks. During the development of friction stir welding technology, the best results, in terms of structure homogeneity and the absence of welding defects, were achieved for the tool with TRI-FLUTE pin and joining parameters: Vn = 450 rev/min, Vz = 180 mm/min, αz = 88.5 °.

5

Properties of AW 5059 aluminium alloy joints welded by mig and Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

Czechowski M.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 3

125--129

EN

The article presents the results of the mechanical properties of aluminium alloy AW 5059 [AlMg5.5Zn] welded by MIG and friction stir welding FSW. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminium alloy sheets. Research results on stress corrosion cracking for the AW 5059 alloy welded joints are presented. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure, obtained max. load, strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve), relative elongation of the specimen, tensile stress and reduction-in-area. The fractures were analysis by scanning electron microscope of Philips XL 30 type. Tests were carried out in the air and in a 3.5% water solution of NaCl – artificial sea water. On the basis of obtained test results, it can be said that 5059 alloy joints welded by FSW are resistant to stress corrosion in sea water. Tests have shown that the 5059 alloy, welded by FSW, has superior strength properties compared to the FSW 5083 alloy, along with comparable, good resistance to stress corrosion. Original value are received results of the mechanical and corrosion properties of a new method friction stir welding used for joining AW 5059 alloy sheets.

6

Mechanical properties of 5083, 5059 and 7020 aluminium alloys and their joints welded by FSW

Dudzik K., Charchalis A.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 2

69--73

EN

The article presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7020 and its friction stir welded (FSW) joints. For comparison alloy 5083 – the most currently used in shipbuilding alloy was chosen as well as 5059 - the new high-strength alloy. Besides the native material alloys there were investigated their joints welded by FSW - the same method as alloy 7020. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets made of 7020, 5083 and 5059 alloys were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods i.e. MIG or TIG. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standards PNEN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20ºC. The 7020 alloy has higher strength properties then alloys: 5083 and 5059. The yield stress is higher by 14.8% compared to 5083 alloy, and by 11.7% compared to the alloy 5059. Plastic properties of an alloy 7020 are the lowest, but with reserves meet the requirements of classification societies. The joints welded by FSW of 7020 alloy have higher strength properties then joints of alloys: 5083 and 5059. The yield stress achieves the highest value for alloy 7020 and is 24.2% higher than for 5083 alloy and 11.5% for the 5059 alloy. Despite the strength properties also plastic properties are best for 7020 alloy joints.

7

Influence of joining method for mechanical properties of 7020 aluminium alloy joints

Dudzik K.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 1

71--76

EN

The article presents the research results on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7020 and its FSW and MIG welded joints. Welding parameters used for the connection of the sheets made of 7020 alloy were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct construction of structural bonded joints. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods, especially MIG, which is the most common method of joining aluminum alloys used in shipbuilding. The research was carried out using a static tensile test in accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standards PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. Flat samples cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling were used. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20ºC. Friction stir welded joints of 7020 alloy have higher strength properties compared to MIG welded joints. The yield stress of FSW joint is higher by 14.2% compared to MIG welded joint, and at the same level as the native material. Plastic properties of FSW joint are much higher than MIG joint (over 40%). Confirmation of high strength properties of FSW joint is the place of crack - beyond the weld in the native material.

8

Kinematyczny model formowania warstw w procesie FSP

Górka A.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2012

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nr 10

19-24

PL

Przedstawiono kinematyczny model formowania warstwy wierzchniej w procesie FSP. W modelu tym skoncentrowano si´ na problematyce formowania warstwy z uwzględnieniem specyfiki inicjowanego pola cieplnego, kinetyki ruchu narzędzia i zmiennych w czasie trwania procesu naprężeń, pochodzących od zewnętrznych sił wymuszających proces. Wykorzystano aproksymacyjny opis powierzchniowego źródła ciepła jako funkcję ciągłą gęstości mocy. W założeniach modelu funkcja ta jest niezmienna w całym cyklu formowania warstwy, odpowiada stałymi warunkom cieplnym procesu. Jednoczenie siły wymuszające proces potraktowano jako niezmienniki procesu, a stany naprężeń powstające w formowanej warstwie jako zmienne zależne od kątowego przemieszczenia masy materiału w warstwie. Ze względu na skomplikowany ruch masy w procesie FSP w modelu tym nie uwzględnia się własności fizykochemicznych materiału bazy ani wpływu kształtu narzędzia na przebieg procesu. Wyznaczane zmienne naprężenia na poszczególnych poziomach formowanej warstwy odzwierciedlają główne kierunki przemieszczania materiału w warstwie. Jest to podstawowy cel opracowanego modelu. Model jest szczególnie przydatny na etapie wdrążania nowych sposobów prowadzenia procesu i optymalizacji kształtu narzędzia roboczego.

EN

The paper presents a simplified model of surface layer formation in the FSP process. The main focus was given to the theoretical aspect of layer formation process taking into account a specific character of thermal field being induced, the kinetics of tool motion as well as the stresses varying during the process, which result from external forces activated the process. The model bases on an approximate description of surface heat source being an continuous function of power density invariant during the process. Because of complex mass motion in the FSP process either physicochemical properties of base material or the influence of tool shape on the FSP process running was not considered in the model. Although, the proposed model does not pretend to precise multithreaded numerical descriptions but it is precise enough to be successfully used in preliminary tests concerning layers being formed in the FSP process. The aforesaid description is particularly useful at the stage of implementation new methods for conducting the process and optimizing the working tool shape.

9

Fizyczny mechanizm formowania warstw w procesie FSP

Górka A., Kocańda A.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2012

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nr 11

25--28

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono mechanizm formowania warstw wierzchnich w procesie tarciowym FSP (friction stir processing), koncentrując uwagę na zobrazowaniu procesu mieszania materiału w zależności od kształtu zastosowanego narzędzia wykonawczego. W tym celu wybrano materiał cechujący się niską temperaturą uplastycznienia i niską lepkością w wyższych temperaturach. Zmniejszono w ten sposób wpływ parametrów materiałowych, temperatury i zewnętrznych sił na wstępny stan naprężeń w materiale. W badaniach wykorzystano trzy typowe konstrukcje narzędzi do przeprowadzenia procesów FSP. Zamieszczona w artykule dokumentacja faktograficzna ilustruje pierwotny rozpływ materiału w początkowej fazie formowania warstwy wierzchniej metodą tarciową. Tym samym dokumentuje mechanizm przemieszczania się materiału w procesie FSP. Szczególnie jest to przydatne na etapie wdrażania nowych sposobów prowadzenia procesu FSP i w przypadku optymalizacji kształtu narzędzia roboczego. Opracowany mechanizm formowania warstw dla modelowego materiału próbki i uproszczonych konstrukcji narzędzi roboczych stanowi podstaw´ do badań weryfikacyjnych kinematycznego modelu formowania warstw w procesie FSP. Jest to treścią osobnego opracowania z tego zakresu.

EN

The paper presents the mechanism of formation of surface layers in the process of friction FSP (friction stir processing). The main attention focused on illustrating the process of mixing the material, depending on the shape of the gear used executive. For this purpose, selected material with a low softening point and low viscosity at higher temperatures. The impact of material parameters, temperature and external forces on the preliminary state of stress in the material were reduced in this way. The study used three typical structures FSP process tools. The visual documentation of these tests very well illustrated the movement of material during the process. At the same time presents a mechanism of movement the material in the FSP. This is particularly useful for the implementation of new ways of FSP process and for optimizing the shape of the working tools. This developed mechanism of formation of layers is the basis of verification of the kinematic model of the layers formation in the FSP [9].

10

Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints welded by FSW and MIG

Dudzik K., Charchalis A., Jurczak W.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 2

129-135

EN

The article presents the research results of microscopic examination of friction stir welded joint (FSW) alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1). The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction stir welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of sheet metal with different types of aluminium alloys. The parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding used to join metal alloy AlZn5Mg1 (7020) were presented. Welds made using both the FSW and MIG method were checked using X-ray flaw detection and showed no welding defects. In order to determine the structural changes in the bonded joints, the samples were polished and then microetched KELLER reagent. Metallographic examination was carried out using optical microscope Axiovert ZAISS 25. To determine the grain size in the different zones of joints welded by FSW and MIG methods AxioVision 4.8.2 software was used. Metallographic examination revealed the existence of an explicit heat affected zone of HAZ in case of MIG welded joints and virtually lack thereof, in case of FSW welded joints. Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints showed that the structure of the FSW welded joint is more homogeneous than the MIG welded joint. The analysis of the grain size of the characteristic zones of joints shows that in the case of joints welded by FSW the weld nugget has smaller grains than the native material. In case of the joint welded by traditional MIG method the biggest grains are in HAZ and the smallest in the native material.

11

Koncepcja systemu wizyjnego do monitorowania procesów zgrzewania tarciowego

Giesko T., Pietras A., Mężyk J., Kowieski S.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2011

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nr 4

91-102

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję metody i systemu do monitorowania procesów zgrzewania tarciowego FSW z wykorzystaniem analizy obrazów w podczerwieni i paśmie widzialnym. Termogramy pokazujące rozkład i zmiany temperatury w obrębie zgrzeiny zawierają kompleksowe informacje o przebiegu procesu zgrzewania tarciowego oraz o strukturze zgrzeiny. Połączona analiza obrazów zgrzeiny, zarejestrowanych za pomocą kamery termowizyjnej i kamery wizyjnej umożliwi monitorowanie on-line procesu zgrzewania tarciowego oraz detekcję wad powierzchniowych i podpowierzchniowych zgrzeiny. W artykule omówiono najważniejsze zagadnienia modelowania systemu wizyjnego i algorytmu inspekcji.

EN

The paper presents the idea of a method and system for monitoring of friction stir welding FSW with the use of analysis of infrared and vision images. Thermal images present a temperature distribution and fluctuation within a weld joint, and contain complex information about welding process and weld structure. The combined analysis of infrared and vision images of weld will enable the on-line process monitoring and detection of surface and subsurface defects. The key aspects of modeling of a vision system and inspection algorithm are described in the paper.

12

The influence of joining method of AW-7020 aluminium alloy on corrosion properties

Dudzik K.

Journal of KONES

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2011

|

Vol. 18, No. 4

587-581

EN

The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The polarization was carried out at changes in the potential speed of 12 mV/min in the range of š 50 mV with the stationary potential. Atlas 0531EU & IA potentiostat was used for studies. The corrosion resistance research was carried out using three electrode potentiodynamic method. The following parameters were measured: electrode potential Ec [mV] and the corrosion current density Jc [mi A/cm2]. The tests were carried out on specimens in 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found of the native material, friction stir welded and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Original value are received results of the corrosion properties of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method and the native material.

13

Stress corrosion cracking of 7020 aluminium alloy jointed by different welding methods

Dudzik K.

Journal of KONES

|

2010

|

Vol. 17, No. 4

143-147

EN

The results of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mg1] welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding ofsheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [h], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen — a10 [%]; max. tensile stress — R [MPa] and contraction — Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to stress corrosion was found of friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The tested samples cracked during SSRT test in the native material in case of FSW and in the joint in case of MIG. Original value are received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method.

14

Influence of the notch for mechanical properties of 7020 aluminium alloy jointed by FSW

Dudzik K., Czechowski M.

Journal of KONES

|

2010

|

Vol. 17, No. 4

131-135

EN

The article presents the results of the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mgl] welded by friction s tir welding FSW. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mgl [7020] alloy were presented. Analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of the FSW welded 7020 aluminum alloy. The test was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to ENISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [min], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen - A10 [%]; max. tensile stress - R [MPa] and contraction - Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens and on specimens with "U"- notch in the air. Despite the use of "U" - notch cut in the joint, the specimens cracked in the native material. On the basis of test results were high strength properties of aluminum alloy 7020joints welded by FSW. Original values are received results of the mechanical properties of new method friction stir welded AW- 7020 [AlZn5Mgl] alloy.

15

Influence of joining method for hardness distribution in joints of AlZnSMg1 alloy

Dudzik K.

Journal of KONES

|

2010

|

Vol. 17, No. 4

137-141

EN

The article presents the research results of hardness values distribution of friction s tir welded joint (FSW) alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1). The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction stir welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of sheet metal with different types of aluminium alloys. The parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding used to join metal alloy AlZn5Mg1 (7020) were presented. Metallographic analysis showed the correct structured both MIG welded joints and FSW welded aluminum alloy 7020. The study was carried out using Vickers hardness HV5 accordance with the requirements of the Polish Standard PN-EN 1043-1:2000. The study was conducted in three rows, and the indenter load was 50 N. In order to determine the structural changes in the bonded joints, the samples were polished and then micro-etched KELLER reagent. Metallographic examination was carried out using optical microscope Axiovert ZAISS 25. Metallographic examination revealed the existence of an explicit heat affected zone of HAZ in case of MIG welded joints and virtually lack there of, in case of FSW welded joints. In case of FSW welded joint, maximum hardness was observed in the middle of joint, but at a distance of approximately 25 mm from the middle of the weld there is a hardness decrease of about 10% relative to the base material. In the MIG weldedjoint lowest hardness of the weld occurred in the middle of the joint.

16

Influence of friction stir welding on impact resistance of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints

Dudzik K., Czechowski M.

Journal of KONES

|

2009

|

Vol. 16, No. 3

93-98

EN

The paper presents the research results on impact resistance of friction s tir welded aluminum alloy A W 7020 [AlZn5MglJ. The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. The parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mgl [7020] alloy were introduced in the article. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed proper structural construction of the friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The impact resistance was examined via the Charpy test according to PN-EN 10045-1. During test the hammer angle of deflection beta after hitting was noted and next the brake work "L " and impact resistance "U" were determined. The tests were carried out on typical specimens of cuboids shape (55x10x10 mm), with "V" notch. The research was conducted at the temperature of + 20°C. After impact resistance test the failure surface of specimens was analyzed by scanning with electron microscope SEM Philips XL30. The research of impact resistance showed that the values of 7020 alloy welded by FSW method were higher compared to the properties of 7020 alloy joints welded by traditional MIG method — the average impact resistance was about 18% higher in case ofFSW then in MG.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań udarności złączy zgrzewanych tarciowo (FSW) stopu AW 7020 (AlZn5Mgl). Jako punkt odniesienia wybrano zlącza tego samego stopu spawane tradycyjną metodą MIG. Nową technologię zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny FSW (Friction Stir Welding) można z powodzeniem stosować do zgrzewania doczołowego blach z różnego rodzaju stopów aluminium. Przedstawiono parametry zgrzewania tarciowego (FSW) zastosowane do połączenia blach ze stopu AlZn5Mgl (7020). Analiza metalograficzna wykazała poprawną budowę strukturalną złączy zgrzewanych stopu aluminium 7020. Badania udarności przeprowadzono metodą Charpy'ego zgodnie z wymaganiami Polskiej Normy PN-EN 10045-1. Podczas badań odczytano kąt wychylenia młota po uderzeniu beta a następnie wyznaczono pracę łamania L oraz udarność U. Próbki do badań udarności wykonano jako standardowe, w kształcie prostopadłościanu o wymiarach 55x10x10 mm z zalecaną przez normę dokładnością š0,1 mm, w których wycięto karb w kształcie litery V. Próbę przeprowadzono w temperaturze + 20°C. Po badaniach udarności przeprowadzono analizę powierzchni przełomów próbek za pomocą mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM) Philips XL3O. Badania udarności złączy stopu 7020 wykazały wyższą wartość udarności w przypadku zastosowania zgrzewania tarciowego FSW w porównaniu do tradycyjnej metody spawalniczej MIG - średnio udarność była wyższa o ok. 18%.

17

The properties of AlZn5Mg1 (AW-7020) alloys welded by new technology friction stir welding

Dudzik K., Czechowski M.

Journal of KONES

|

2008

|

Vol. 15, No. 3

115-120

EN

The results of examining mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mg1] by friction stir welded were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of the friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [h], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen - A10 [%]; max. tensile stress - R [MPa] and narrowing - Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to stress corrosion was found of friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The tested samples cracked during SSRT test in the native material. Original value is received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własności mechanicznych oraz podatności na korozję naprężeniową złączy zgrzewanych tarciowo (FSW) stopu AW 7020 [AlZn5Mg1]. Nową technologię zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny FSW (Friction Stir Welding) można z powodzeniem stosować do zgrzewania doczołowego blach z różnego rodzaju stopów aluminium. Przedstawiono parametry zgrzewania tarciowego (FSW) zastosowane do połączenia blach ze stopuAlZn5Mg [7020]. Analiza metalograficzna wykazała poprawną budowę strukturalną złączy zgrzewanych stopu aluminium 7020. Badania korozji naprężeniowej wykonano stosując próbę odkształcenia z małą prędkością (10-6 s-1), zgodnie z PN-EN ISO 7539-7. Parametrami mierzonymi podczas badań były: czas do zniszczenia - T [h], uzyskane maksymalne obciążenie - F [N], energia odkształcenia (powierzchnia wykresu pod krzywą naprężenie-wydłużenie) - E [MJ/m3], wydłużenie względne próbki - A10 [%], maksymalne naprężenia rozciągające - R [MPa] oraz przewężenie - Z [%]. Badania wykonano na próbkach gładkich cylindrycznych w powietrzu oraz sztucznej wodzie morskiej. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań stwierdzono dobrą odporność na korozję naprężeniową złącza stopu aluminium 7020 zgrzewanego metodą FSW. Oryginalnym osiągnięciem są otrzymane wyniki odporności na korozję naprężeniową złączy stopu AlZn5Mg1 zgrzewanych tarciowo nową metodą Friction Stir Welding.

18

FSW - zgrzewanie tarciowe z mieszaniem materiału

Pietras A.

Zgrzewanie Metali i Tworzyw w Praktyce

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2003

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nr 3-4

28-28

PL

Nowa technologia zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny FSW (Friction Stir Welding) została opracowana i opatentowana przez Angielski Instytut Spawalnictwa (TWI Ltd). Zgrzewanie tego rodzaju polega na nagrzaniu i uplastycznieniu materiału w miejscu łączenia ciepłem tarcia wywołanego ruchem narzędzia z obrotowym trzpieniem.