Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Battery energy storage utilization in optimization of heat production in district heating sector

Nowakowski Rafał

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2024

|

Nr 1

9--18

EN

The innovative approach to the issues of integration of an electricity storage, heat storage and an electrode heating boiler in the heating system in this paper is presented. In recent years, a growing share of renewable energy sources in heating has been observed, which may result in the dynamics of electricity price variability being greater and more frequent than in daily and annual periods. This may apply in particular to the price of heat from electrode boilers. The proposed solution to optimize heat prices at an acceptable level for end users, consisting in connecting an electrode heating boiler with heat and electricity storage facilities is presented.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono innowacyjne podejście do zagadnień integracji magazynu energii elektrycznej, magazynu ciepła i elektrodowego kotła ciepłowniczego w systemie ciepłowniczym. W ostatnich latach można zaobserwować rosnący udział odnawialnych źródeł energii w ciepłownictwie, co może spowodować, że dynamika zmienności cen energii elektrycznej będzie większa i częstsza niż w okresach dobowych oraz rocznych. Może to dotyczyć w szczególności ceny ciepła z kotłów elektrodowych. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję rozwiązania dla optymalizacji cen ciepła, na akceptowalnym poziomie dla odbiorców końcowych, polegające na połączeniu elektrodowego kotła ciepłowniczego z magazynami ciepła i energii elektrycznej.

2

Active Physical Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage: Technologies Review and Perspectives

Mulopo Jean

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 6

148--163

EN

The successful acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment needs site-specific installation and implementation, as well as the deployment of technology that is compatible with the pollutants contained in the AMD. If key by-products of the AMD can be recovered, the financial sustainability of the AMD remediation method may be greatly improved. Additional research into novel and innovative solutions is necessary to advance in this direction. To accomplish this, it is necessary to have a complete awareness of current remediation technologies that are available and accessible. Active physical treatment methods such as ion exchange, adsorption, electrochemistry, and membrane techniques were examined in this article. Membrane technology excels in terms of ease of use, versatility, and environmental effect but produces brine streams the management of which remains vital for future adoption of the technology. Liquid membranes (LM), Micellar Enhanced Ultra-Filtration (MEUF), and Polyelectrolyte Enhanced Ultra-Filtration (PEUF) are all innovative membrane technologies that may provide some possibilities for metal recovery from chemical sludge and/or brine streams. Electrochemical technologies are considered an attractive alternative for AMD treatment, because they require only electricity as a consumable and can treat AMD to high standards by removing metals via (co)precipitation and sulfate via ionic migration (when an anion-exchange membrane is used in the configuration), while producing significantly less sludge. However, the accepted shortcomings include membrane/electrode fouling produced by (co)precipitates on the active surfaces necessary for the process, a lack of understanding regarding the effective scaling up to industrial scale, and the relatively expensive capital expenditure (CAPEX) required. The removal of heavy metals from AMD effluents by adsorption has a number of technical and environmental benefits, including high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Despite its benefits, this technique has certain hurdles, such as the production process for low-cost adsorbents.

3

Influence of the Electrochemical Anodizing Parameters on the Microstructure, Microroughness and Microhardness of Anodized Ti-6Al-7Nb

Veselinov Deyan, Skulev Hristo

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2020

|

Vol. 65, iss. 3

1223--1226

EN

This paper presents a study on anodizing titanium alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb in electrolyte of dilute sulfuric acid. The effects of the parameters – voltage, anodizing time, and electrode distance on the anodic film properties have been investigated. The anodic layers are found to become more compact with the increase of the applied voltage in the electrolytic cell. The microstructure, chemical element distribution and mechanical properties, i.e. microroughness and microhardness of the anodic coatings obtained at different operating conditions have been evaluated.

4

New thiopyridine complexes: design, electrochemical preparation and biological assessment

El-Sabbagh Osama I., Yamany B. Yamany, Eldeab Hany A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2019

|

Vol. 21, nr 4

20--25

EN

Novel complexes of Ru (III), Cu (II) and Au (III) (2–4) were prepared using 6-phenyl-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (HL, 1) adopting either electrochemical or traditional chemical methods. The electrochemical method is preferred in the synthesis of the complexes than the chemical one because it affords pure products with higher yields in shorter reaction time. The novel thiopyridine complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 19F-NMR, TGA and DTA measurements. The antimicrobial activity evaluation revealed that the complex bearing copper metal 3 has nearly the same activity as the reference drug ciprofloxacin. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation showed that complex 4 containing gold displayed anti-inflammatory activity higher than the reference drug celecoxib upon using carrageenan rat hind paw edema method.

5

Recent developments in abrasive hybrid manufacturing processes

Ruszaj A., Skoczypiec S., Wyszyński D.

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2017

|

Vol. 8, No. 2

81--90

EN

Recent dynamic development of abrasive hybrid manufacturing processes results from application of a new difficult for machining materials and improvement of technological indicators of manufacturing processes already applied in practice. This tendency also occurs in abrasive machining processes which are often supported by ultrasonic vibrations, electrochemical dissolution or by electrical discharges. In the paper we present the review of new results of investigations and new practical applications of Abrasive Electrodischarge (AEDM) and Electrochemical (AECM) Machining.

6

Wpływ wspomagania elektrochemicznego na siły w procesie mikrotoczenia

Grabowski M., Skoczypiec S.

Mechanik

|

2015

|

R. 88 nr 4CD

27--32

PL

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wspomagania elektrochemicznego procesu mikrootoczenia. Na zaprojektowanym specjalistycznym stanowisku badawczym przeprowadzono weryfikację doświadczalną zaproponowanej metody obróbki hybrydowej. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdziły korzystny wpływ wspomagania elektrochemicznego na zmniejszenie sił oraz zużycie narzędzia skrawającego w procesie mikrootoczenia wzdłużnego.

EN

In the paper the conception of electrochemically assisted microturning process was presented. On the designed specialized test stand the experimental verification of this hybrid machining process was carried out. The results confirm that in case of straight turning electrochemical assistance has positive effect on cutting forces and tool wear.

7

Sravnitelʹnyj analiz datčikov gazovyh izveŝatelej dlâ rannego obnaruženiâ požara

Kozubovskiy V. R., Misevich I. Z., Ivanchuk M. M.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

|

2015

|

Nr 4

107--122

EN

Aim: The purpose of this article is to help designers of fire detectors with the selection of a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor for a multi-sensor fire detector. Academic work on detectors provides an abundance of material about sensors suitable for CO analysis. Each sensor has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing a suitable sensor is quite difficult. The authors, based on their extensive experience in the development and production of devices for gas analysis and fire detectors, propose most adequate solutions. Introduction: Current devices for discovering a fire, work on the principle of detecting smoke, often incorporating a temperature sensor. However, these have many disadvantages. They do not function in a discerning way in relation to smoke (aerosols, water vapour, cooking vapour and dust are all identified as smoke). A CO fire detector is free of these shortcomings, since it is selective and reacts to CO. For this reason many perspective European norms and international standards emerged, which recommend CO analysis for detection of fires. Obviously, high concentrations of CO can occur in areas where people smoke, where heating appliances utilising solid and gaseous fuels are used, in garages and in underground car parks. Multi-Sensor Detectors with two methods of detecting fire, CO and smoke, compensate shortcomings of each method. It can be confidently stated that through a simultaneous response from both detection methods, a fire will be dealt with at an early stage of development and resources will not be sidetracked by dust, water vapour, aerosols or high concentration of CO. For detection of CO, existing standards recommend the use of electrochemical sensors. Methods: The article describes the technical parameters of the most appropriate electrochemical sensors for monitoring of CO. These are electrolytic, based on acidic electrolyte and metal oxide semiconductors, namely Nap-508 (505) and TGS2442. The principles of operation and recommended circuit connection are suitably described in the article. The sensors are specially designed for use with gas fire detectors and were tested in accordance with requirements for fire detectors. It is noted that metal-oxide sensors have the most acceptable performance characteristics, across the broadest temperature range, long period of validity and absence of aggressive substances in composite elements. Among its disadvantages is a relatively high power consumption ~ 15 mW. Conclusions: Examined prospects for the development and production of metal oxide semiconductor sensors. It is indicated that the use of micro and nanotechnology in the manufacture of sensors will solve the problem of reducing energy consumption to a level sufficient for the production of self-contained smoke detectors powered by batteries. At present, Figaro has developed a sensor TGS8410 with an average power consumption of 0.087 mW.Aim: The purpose of this article is to help designers of fire detectors with the selection of a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor for a multi-sensor fire detector. Academic work on detectors provides an abundance of material about sensors suitable for CO analysis. Each sensor has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing a suitable sensor is quite difficult. The authors, based on their extensive experience in the development and production of devices for gas analysis and fire detectors, propose most adequate solutions. Introduction: Current devices for discovering a fire, work on the principle of detecting smoke, often incorporating a temperature sensor. However, these have many disadvantages. They do not function in a discerning way in relation to smoke (aerosols, water vapour, cooking vapour and dust are all identified as smoke). A CO fire detector is free of these shortcomings, since it is selective and reacts to CO. For this reason many perspective European norms and international standards emerged, which recommend CO analysis for detection of fires. Obviously, high concentrations of CO can occur in areas where people smoke, where heating appliances utilising solid and gaseous fuels are used, in garages and in underground car parks. Multi-Sensor Detectors with two methods of detecting fire, CO and smoke, compensate shortcomings of each method. It can be confidently stated that through a simultaneous response from both detection methods, a fire will be dealt with at an early stage of development and resources will not be sidetracked by dust, water vapour, aerosols or high concentration of CO. For detection of CO, existing standards recommend the use of electrochemical sensors. Methods: The article describes the technical parameters of the most appropriate electrochemical sensors for monitoring of CO. These are electrolytic, based on acidic electrolyte and metal oxide semiconductors, namely Nap-508 (505) and TGS2442. The principles of operation and recommended circuit connection are suitably described in the article. The sensors are specially designed for use with gas fire detectors and were tested in accordance with requirements for fire detectors. It is noted that metal-oxide sensors have the most acceptable performance characteristics, across the broadest temperature range, long period of validity and absence of aggressive substances in composite elements. Among its disadvantages is a relatively high power consumption ~ 15 mW. Conclusions: Examined prospects for the development and production of metal oxide semiconductor sensors. It is indicated that the use of micro and nanotechnology in the manufacture of sensors will solve the problem of reducing energy consumption to a level sufficient for the production of self-contained smoke detectors powered by batteries. At present, Figaro has developed a sensor TGS8410 with an average power consumption of 0.087 mW.

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest udzielenie wskazówek konstruktorom czujek pożarowych odnośnie wyboru czujników tlenku węgla w komorze wielosensorowej czujki pożarowej. W monografiach poświęconych tej tematyce znaleźć można wiele czujników nadających się do analizy CO. Każdy czujnik ma swoje zalety jak i wady. W związku z tym wybór odpowiedniego czujnika jest dość trudny. Autorzy, na bazie wieloletniego doświadczenia w projektowaniu i produkcji przyrządów do analizy gazowej i czujek pożarowych, zaproponowali najbardziej adekwatne rozwiązania. Wprowadzenie: Obecnie do wykrywania pożarów bardzo często wykorzystywane są czujki dymu (zwykle z czujnikiem temperatury). Mają one jednak wiele wad – nie działają w sposób selektywny na dym (rozpoznają jako dym aerozole, parę wodną, parę powstającą przy gotowaniu, kurz). Czujka pożarowa CO nie ma takich wad, ponieważ reaguje wyłącznie na CO. Dlatego powstało wiele perspektywicznych norm europejskich i standardów międzynarodowych, które do wykrywania pożarów przewidują analizę CO. Oczywiście, duże stężenia CO mogą powstać w pomieszczeniach, w których pali się papierosy, również tam gdzie znajdują się urządzenia ciepłownicze na paliwo stałe lub gazowe, w garażach i parkingach podziemnych. Wielosensorowe czujki, wykorzystujące dwie komory wykrywania pożaru – CO i dymu, rekompensują wady każdej z tych komór. Przy jednoczesnej aktywacji obu, można z pewnością stwierdzić, że mamy do czynienia z pożarem we wczesnym stadium rozwoju, a nie z kurzem, parą wodną, aerozolem lub po prostu dużym stężeniem CO. Do wykrywania CO odpowiednie nomy rekomendują użycie czujników elektrochemicznych. Metody: W artykule opisano parametry techniczne najbardziej odpowiednich do kontroli CO czujników elektrochemicznych na bazie elektrolitów kwasowych i półprzewodników tlenkowych, a dokładnie Nap-508 (505) и TGS2442. Opisano również zasady pracy i zalecane schematy połączeń. Czujniki te były opracowywane specjalnie do wykorzystania w pożarniczych czujkach gazu i przeszły wszystkie badania zgodnie z wymogami dla czujek pożarniczych. Zaznaczono, że czujniki tlenkowe mają najbardziej akceptowalne charakterystyki eksploatacyjne – najszerszy zakres temperatur, długi termin ważności, brak w składzie elementów środowiska agresywnego. Do ich wad należy względnie duże zużycie energii ~ 15 mW. Wnioski: Rozpatrzono perspektywy rozwoju technologii produkcji półprzewodnikowych czujników tlenkowych. Wskazano, że zastosowanie mikro- i nanotechnologii przy produkcji tych czujników rozwiązuje kwestię zmniejszenia zużycia energii do poziomu dostatecznego do przygotowania autonomicznych czujek pożarniczych zasilanych baterią. Już teraz firma Figaro opracowała czujkę TGS8410 za średnim zużyciem prądu 0,087 mW.

8

Elektrochemiczna ochrona zbrojenia w żelbecie

Zybura A.

Materiały Budowlane

|

2004

|

nr 5

42-44

PL

W artykule omówiono mechanizmy ochronnego działania prądu stałego na zbrojenie konstrukcji żelbetowych oraz przedstawiono przykłady badań skuteczności zabiegów regeneracyjnych.

9

Wpływ aktywacji chemicznej stopów magazynujących typu Mg-Ni na ich właściwości elektrochemiczne

Majchrzycki W., Wieczorek I., Sierczyńska A., Jankowska E.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2003

|

T. 82, nr 8-9

576-579

10

High-conductivity organic metals as electrode materials

Pospelov A. P., Ved M. V., Sakhnenko N. D., Alexandrov Y. L., Shtefan V. V., Kravchenko A. V., Kamarchuk G. V.

Materials Science

|

2002

|

Vol. 20, No. 3

65-72

EN

Electrode properties of TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) and BEDT-TTF (bis- (ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) derivatives are considered. The BEDT-TTF-based organic electrode materials were produced by electrochemical technique. Electrodes with TCNQ salts were obtained by thermal or evaporation method. Polarization and impedance investigations have shown the high electrode activity of the BEDT-TTF based materials in irreversible electrochemical processes. TCNQ-based OM sensitivity to pH as well as electrode surface resistance vary depending on gaseous phase composition. The latter circumstance is quite prospective for applications of organic metals in analytical control devices.