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Comparison of railway performance in the European Union based on DEA analysis during covid crisis

Sternad Marjan, Grofelnik Igor

Transport Problems

2023

T. 18, z. 4

201--210

The efficiency of transportation systems has decreased due to restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the research was to analyze the efficiency of railways in connection with the impact of COVID-19 on rail transport itself. Thus, using data envelopment analysis we determined how the measures during the pandemic affected the efficiency of passenger and freight transport. The efficiency of the railway system was evaluated using a linear programming technique that measures the effectiveness of homogeneous decision-making units. The model’s input variables consisted of technical attributes of railway tracks, while the output variables encompassed train operations, the conveyance of goods, and passenger transport. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between EU countries during the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 crisis had a more substantial effect on the effectiveness of services than its impact on technical aspects. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between countries during the COVID-19 crisis. In the research, we found that the COVID-19 crisis had a negative impact on service effectiveness, as it decreased by more than 3%, while technical efficiency increased during the analyzed period, mainly at the expense of a lower number of train movements when transport equipment was not maintained. The differences between countries indicate the slow adoption of the necessary measures to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and the need for coordinated and flexible action by rail transport policymakers.

Jakość w detalicznym handlu internetowym z perspektywy usługodawcy

Szyda M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

2016

nr 93

203--211

Jakość jest różnie definiowana w literaturze, może także być inaczej postrzegana przez klienta i usługodawcę. Niemniej jednak w każdym rodzaju działalności gospodarczej dostrzega się konieczność zapewnienia jakości na jak najwyższym poziomie. W handlu internetowym jakość również staje się standardem. W artykule ograniczono się do detalicznego handlu internetowego oraz perspektywy sprzedawcy on-line. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie, że jakość w handlu internetowym z punktu widzenia usługodawcy to nie tylko konieczność, nakłady i nieustanne działania doskonalące, ale także wielokrotnie większe korzyści, takie jak wzrost satysfakcji klienta i jego lojalności, zwiększenie poziomu konkurencyjności i rynku zbytu przedsiębiorstwa handlowego oraz poprawa jego efektywności i produktywności usług.

Quality is defined differently in the literature, may also be differently perceived by the customer and the service provider. However, in any kind of business, there is recognized the need to ensure quality at the highest level. Also, the quality of online trading is becoming the standard. This article is limited to the retail Internet trading and perspective of on-line seller. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the quality of Internet commerce from the perspective of the service provider is not only a necessity, effort and continuous improvement actions but also many times greater benefits such as increased customer satisfaction and loyalty, increase the level of competitiveness and market for the trading company and improving its efficiency and productivity services.