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EN
The paper puts forward and implements a method of designing and creating a modelling simulation environment for extensive and complete analysis of economical lighting on highways. From a general design viewpoint, the proposed solution explores the concept of a network description language (SMOL), which has been designed to describe the necessary network functions, mechanisms, and devices for the purpose of their computer simulation and verification. The presented results of the performed research confirm the usability of intelligent lighting on highways, both in the sense of the design concept and in the aspect of saving energy.
EN
In this paper, simplyfied analysis of different conditions of wind power expansion in Poland is shown. This analysis is made on basis simplyfied computational example of 18 MW wind farm in Poland from the point of view of different group of parameters. Four groups of conditions: wind, geographical, technical and economical are taken into consideration. Introduction is contained short analysis of wind energy expansion in Poland in last times. First group of conditions is contained wind regime (consistent with mesoscale) as: yearly wind speed and Weibull distribution. Second group of consider conditions is geographical conditions as: localisation of wind farm, surface class, roughness and height. Third group of consider conditions were technical conditions connecting with selected unit of wind turbine for wind farm. Fourth group of consider conditions were economical factors as: wind turbine price, installation cost of turbine, operational & maintenance cost, price per kWh, price of property rigths connecting with certificates of origin, rate of discount etc-. In frames this project two main groups of calculations were realised. First group were year energy output calculations of 18 MW wind farm for applied wind units, wind speeds and surface classes. Second group were calculations of electricity cost per kWh produced electric energy for mentioned earlier factors and for assumed prizes per kWh electric energy sale for distribution company. Results of realised computational calculations are placed in shape of tables. Conclusions contain analysis of impact of inquired conditions for key parameters of wind farm - magnitude of year energy output and electricity cost per kWh produced electric energy, which decide about wind farm effectivity.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych z roku 1997, których celem była ocena wpływu dochodów konsumenta na jego postępowanie na rynku tłuszczów jadalnych. Przeanalizowano zachowania trzech grup respondentów: dwóch celowych o wysokich i niskich dochodach oraz grupy losowej ogólnopolskiej. Badania potwierdziły znaczące zmiany, jakie dokonały się w konsumpcji tłuszczów w Polsce w latach 90. Wykazały, że mimo iż tłuszcze należą do żywności absolutnie podstawowej, poziom i struktura ich spożycia oraz upodobania, preferencje, częstotliwość konsumpcji i motywy zakupów są zależne od czynników ekonomicznych.
EN
The results of questionnaire research carried out in 1997 to evaluate the impact of consumers financial status on their behaviour on the fat market are presented. The goal of investigation was reached by the field research conducted among three groups of respondents. Two of them were the target groups characterised by the high and low income levels and third one was randomly selected from whole Poland. The obtained results confirmed significant changes in fat consumption observed in Poland during 90's. They proved that the consumption level and structure as well as consumers preferences and inclinations, frequency of consumption and purchase motives depend on the economical factors, although fats and oils are absolutely staple food products.
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