Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Combustion stability for early and late direct hydrogen injection in a dual fuel diesel engine

Siadkowska Ksenia, Barański Grzegorz

Combustion Engines

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2024

|

R. 63, nr 1

89--98

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the experimental results of direct hydrogen injection in a dual-fuel diesel engine. The test object is a four-cylinder, four-stroke ADCR engine. The parameters like: indicated mean effective pressure, peak pressure, angle of maximum pressure and released heat were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out for each cylinder separately for four different hydrogen doses. Both early and late direct hydrogen injection were analyzed. The significance of the differences for each of the analyzed parameters and type of injection was determined. The stability of the combustion process was evaluated using the coefficient of variation CoV(IMEP).

2

Experimental Investigation on Indicated Pressure and Heat Release for Direct Hydrogen Injection in a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine

Siadkowska Ksenia, Barański Grzegorz, Sochaczewski Rafał, Wendeker Mirosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2022

|

Vol. 16, no 3

54--66

EN

This paper presents the research results for a diesel and hydrogen fueled engine. The research object is a four-cylinder, four-stroke ADCR engine with a displacement of 2,636 cm3. In the experiments, glow plugs were replaced with compressed hydrogen injectors and a special adapter. Hydrogen was supplied directly into a combustion chamber using a test injector. A hydrogen dose in the tests was changed at selected test points and ranged from 0 to 160 dm3/min. The research were conducted at 1,500 rpm. A hydrogen injection start angle and maximum hydrogen dose were specified from the preliminary experiments. The following parameters were analyzed: indicated mean effective pressure, maximum pressure, crank angle of maximum cylinder pressure occurrence and heat release. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. The conducted analysis focused on determining whether there are significant differences between early and late injection and how these changes affect the measured parameters.

3

Silniki o zapłonie samoczynnym mieszanki homogenicznej kluczem do dalszego rozwoju tłokowych silników spalinowych

Szamrej Grzegorz

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

|

2021

|

Vol. 70, nr 4

15--58

PL

W artykule przedstawiono syntetycznie sposoby zapłonu mieszanki paliwowo-powietrznej w silnikach spalinowych wraz z charakterystyką ich kluczowych wad oraz zalet, problematyką ich stosowania oraz możliwością rozwoju. Dalszy rozwój tłokowych silników będzie wymagał drastycznego ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych składników spalin oraz dwutlenku węgla będącego najistotniejszym gazem cieplarnianym emitowanym przez silniki spalinowe. Z tego powodu zmianom muszą ulec nie tylko same silniki spalinowe, lecz także przede wszystkim stosowane paliwa. Aby były najskuteczniejsze, powinno się wykorzystywać samozapłon homogenicznej mieszanki paliwowo-powietrznej, co przy dzisiejszym stanie rozwoju technicznego nie jest możliwe w sposób pozwalający na realizację najbardziej zaawansowanych sposobów samozapłonu. W literaturze zagranicznej można znaleźć wiele publikacji dotyczących różnych sposobów zapłonu samoczynnego (ZS) w silnikach spalinowych, w tym zapłonu samoczynnego w silnikach dwupaliwowych. W literaturze krajowej nie ma jednak na ten temat wielu pozycji i choć można znaleźć prace dotyczące zapłonu samoczynnego w silnikach jednopaliwowych [1-10], to temat dwupaliwowego zasilania silników o ZS nie jest zbyt obszernie opisany. Z tego powodu godne uwagi wydaje się opublikowanie artykułu poruszającego ten istotny dziś temat.

EN

The article presents synthetically the methods of ignition of the air-fuel mixture in Internal Com-bustion (IC) engines along with the characteristics of their advantages and disadvantages, the problems of their use and the possibility of development. The further development of piston engines will require a drastic reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust components and carbon dioxide, which is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by IC engines. For this reason, not only the engines themselves must be changed but fuels as well. For the most effective use of them, self-ignition of a homogeneous fuel-air mixture should be implemented. In the present state of technical development is not possible to widespread use the most ad-vanced ways of self-ignition methods. Typical homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), where an engine uses only one type of the fuel and correctly self-ignite in the full scope of work is still not implemented in a serial production. In the foreign literature, there is a significant number of publications on various methods of Compression Igni-tion (CI) in IC engines, including IC in Dual Fuel (DF) engines. The Polish literature, however, is extremely sparse in this matter, and one can find a number of works on CI in single-fuel engines [1-10], but the topic of DF fueling is not too extensively described. For this reason, it seems important to publish an article on this important topic today

4

Systemy dwupaliwowe silników wysokoprężnych lokomotyw spalinowych - Gazodiesel

Dumenko Piotr, Babeł Marek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

|

2019

|

R. 26, nr 11-12

62--66

PL

Wdrożenie w silnikach Diesla lokomotyw spalinowych systemów dwupaliwowych – olej napędowy / gaz ziemny, prowadzi do obniżenia emisji substancji szkodliwych w spalinach oraz oszczędności w związku z konkurencyjnymi cenami gazu ziemnego. Przedstawiono opis zespołów i urządzeń systemu dwupaliwowego wdrożonego na lokomotywie spalinowej serii S200 wraz z rysunkami ich zabudowy w pojeżdzie. Omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące układu sterowania, prób i badań lokomotywy, certyfikacji, infrastruktury tankowania gazu. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań stacjonarnych i ruchowych lokomotywy oraz uzyskane efekty.

EN

With 70% of all locomotives still being powered by diesel and most of the locomotives being older than 30 years, the railway industry must urgently seek environmentally friendlier and economically more attractive alternatives to diesel fuel. Dual-fuel systems once installed on diesel locomotives, allow substituting most diesel fuel with much cheaper and cleaner gas fuels – biogas, natural gas, and syngas – without the necessity for large capital investments. This article describes a case of dual-fuel conversion of a S200/CHME3 series diesel locomotive, introducing to the system specifics, certification procedure, gas refueling infrastructure, as well as outlining the main economic and technical results. The article concludes by outlining the dual-fuel perspectives in the Polish railway industry and estimates the economic and ecological benefits its implementation can bring.

5

Comparison of reduction systems of harmful substances into the atmosphere in accordance to requirements of IMO Tier III

Czmyr Stanisław, Kaminski Piotr

Journal of KONES

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2019

|

Vol. 26, No. 3

7--14

EN

Degradation of the environment is nowadays believed to be the most alarming problem that needs to be solved. Global warming and environmental pollution are predicted to cause a catastrophic chain reaction leading to species extinction, mass emigration due to rising sea levels and global crisis. The only solution suggested by international organizations is the immediate reduction of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances. Marine transportation harmful substances into the atmosphere are recognized to be a significant source of global atmospheric pollution. Despite the high efficiency of marine diesel engines, their impact on the environment is considerable. Due to environmentally friendly policies, modern engines concerns about not only efficiency but also mainly about s aspects. This article analyses and compares marine s exhaust gases reduction methods. Especially the most harmful substances emitted by ships were taken into consideration. The article presents the most crucial law regulations of harmful substances to the atmosphere, pointing at actual and possible future implementations. The most complex methods allowing meeting the latest limits were presented. Pros and cons of available control methods were thoroughly described and methods were compared. The most adequate methods form the effectiveness and economical point of view was pointed out.

6

Research on the effect of diesel fuel injection parameters on the exhaust emissions in the turbocharged CI engine operating on propane

Luft Sławomir, Skrzek Tomasz

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 2

180--186

EN

The article presents results of the studies on the charged, dual-fuel CI compression ignition engine fuelled with propane. The main goal of the studies was to fuel the engine so that the amount of energy provided with propane is possibly highest at the high efficiency, low emission of harmful exhaust constituents and proper combustion. As the studies conducted so far have shown, with the increase of energy from propane we observe crucial changes in the combustion process. As these changes may be a barrier in the further increase of energy, we decided to change the injection parameters of the diesel fuel. The changes introduced allowed for the 70% energetic contribution of gas fuel at the subsequent elimination of unfavourable phenomena. The fuel injection was realized divided into two doses. Both proportions and angle at the beginning of the injection for both doses were variable. The angle at the beginning of injection for the first dose was changed in a wide range and depended on the value of charging pressure. The angle at the beginning of injection for the second dose was changed in a much narrower range, mainly due to very clear changes in the nature of combustion process. The studies have been conducted for three values of charging pressure, namely 200; 400 and 600 [mbar], and also for the naturally aspirated version. Study results have been presented in a form of regulation characteristics for the angle of the beginning of injection of the pilot dose for the chosen charging variants, as well as volume and angle of the beginning of injection for the main dose. The obtained results show that the content of exhaust constituents for the dual-fuel CI engine depends highly on assumed regulations of injection parameters of the fuel dose initiating the ignition, as well as engine charging pressure.

7

Combustion stability of dual fuel engine powered by diesel-ethanol fuels

Nowak Łukasz, Tutak Wojciech

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 3

155--161

EN

The paper presents result of combustion stability assessment of dual fuel engine. The authors analyzed results of co-combustion of diesel fuel with alcohol in terms of combustion stability. The comparative analysis of both the operational parameters of the engine and the IMEP, as the parameters determining the stability of the combustion process, were carried out. It was analyzed, among others values of the COVIMEP coefficient, the spread of the maximum pressure value, the angle of the position of maximum pressure and the probability density distribution of the IMEP. The experimental investigation was conducted on 1-cylinder air cooled compression ignition engine. The test engine operated with constant rpm equal to 1500 rpm and constant angle of start of diesel fuel injection. The engine was operated with ethanol up to 50% of its energy fraction. The influence of ethanol on ignition delay time spread and end of combustion process was evaluated. It turns out that the share of ethanol does not adversely affect the stability of ignition.

8

On the combustion of premixed gasoline - natural gas dual fuel blends in an optical SI engine

Petrakides S., Butcher D., Pezouvanis A., Chen R.

Journal of Power Technologies

|

2018

|

Vol. 98, nr 5

387--395

EN

Natural Gas (NG) is a promising alternative fuel. Historically, the slow burning velocity of NG poses significant challenges for its utilisation in energy efficient Spark Ignited (SI) engines. It has been experimentally observed that a binary blend of NG and gasoline has the potential to accelerate the combustion process in an SI engine, resulting in a faster combustion even in comparison to that of the base fuels. The mechanism of such effects remains unclear. In this work, an optical diagnosis has been integrated with in-cylinder pressure analysis to investigate the mechanism of flame velocity and stability with the addition of NG to gasoline in a binary Dual Fuel (DF) blend. Experiments were performed under a sweep of engine load, quantified by the engine intake Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) (0.44, 0.51. 0.61 bar) and equivalence air to fuel ratio (Φ = 0.8, 0.83, 1, 1.25). NG was added to a gasoline fuelled engine in three different energy ratios 25%, 50% and 75%. The results showed that within the flamelet combustion regime, the effect of Markstein length dominates the lean burn combustion process both from a stability and velocity prospective. The effect of the laminar burning velocity on the combustion process gradually increases as the air fuel ratio shifts from stoichiometric to fuel rich values.

9

Research on the effect of diesel fuel injection parameters on the combustion process in the turbocharged CI engine operating on propane

Skrzek T.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

419--429

EN

Results presented in the article regard the research on a turbocharged dual-fuel CI engine operating on propane. The research indicated that such engine might operate even if 70% of the standard fuel energy is replaced by propane. The research indicated that at such high share of the gaseous fuel, there is necessary to adjust diesel fuel injection parameters but it is important that there is no need to change the engine structure. Injection parameters may be adjusted in a wide range due to the modern fuelling system of the common rail type. The investigated engine was equipped with such system. Adjustments regarding the fuel charge division, fuel charge quantities, and injection timing enabled to influence combustion in such way to obtain its specific parameters, i.e. maximum combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, maximum pressure, and the burn out ratio similar to those obtained for diesel fuel operation. The obtained results were presented in form of adjustment characteristics of the injection timing of diesel fuel pilot dose for a few chosen values of the boost pressure as well as injection timing of the main dose. The investigations were carried out for three values of the boost pressure, i.e. 200; 400 and 600 [mbar] but also for the naturally aspirated version. Injection timing of the first dose varied in a broad range and depended on the boost pressure. Injection timing of the second dose varied in a narrower range, mainly due to considerable changes in the combustion process. The obtained results answered a number of questions regarding the strategy of selection of diesel fuel injection parameters taking into consideration engine performances as well as combustion at a high share of the gaseous fuel.

10

Reducing Diesel Engine Emission using Reactivity Controlled Approach

Ghazal O. H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 1

94--103

EN

Several automobile manufacturers are interested in investigating of dual fuel internal combustion engines, due to high efficiency and low emissions. Many alternative fuels have been used in dual fuel mode for IC engine, such as methane, hydrogen, and natural gas. In the present study, a reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine using gasoline/diesel (G/D) dual fuel has been investigated. The effect of mixing gasoline with diesel fuel on combustion characteristic, engine performance and emissions has been studied. The gasoline was injected in the engine intake port, to produce a homogeneous mixture with air. The diesel fuel was injected directly to the combustion chamber during compression stroke to initiate the combustion process. A direct injection compression ignition engine has been built and simulated using ANSYS Forte professional code. The gasoline amount in the simulation varied from (50%-80%) by volume. The diesel fuel was injected to the cylinder in two stages. The model has been validated and calibrated for neat diesel fuel using available data from the literature. The results show that the heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased when the amount of added gasoline is between 50%-60% volume of the total injected fuels, compared to the neat diesel fuel. Further addition of gasoline will have a contrary effect. In addition, the combustion duration is extended drastically when the gasoline ratio is higher than 60% which results in an incomplete combustion. The NO emission decreased drastically as the gasoline ratio increased. Moreover, addition of gasoline to the mixture increased the engine power, thermal efficiency and combustion efficiency compared to neat diesel fuel.

11

Load characteristics of the perkins Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine, powered with diesel fuel and natural gas

Ambrozik A., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Warianek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

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2017

|

z. 1/110

55--65

EN

The development of internal combustion engines is compelled by the strive to reduce their negative impact upon natural environment. One of many possible options to gradually eliminate the issue of engines’ negative impact is using alternative fuels. Natural gas has gained the recognition of the European Union and the EU member states have been obliged to build the natural gas refuelling infrastructure by 2025. The paper presents the outlook on using natural gas as a fuel in the EU transport sector as well as its major properties as regards its use in powering internal combustion engines. The paper compared the load characteristics of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine, originally fitted with the Common Rail fuelling system. The characteristics were determined with the engine powered by diesel fuel as well by both diesel fuel and natural gas. With the engine supplied with two fuels, the brake horse-power and the torque were lower, while the hour and specific fuel consumption level were higher. Moreover, when the engine operated with two fuels supplied, the concentration levels of the carbon oxide and unburned hydrocarbons in exhaust gases were higher, whereas the levels for carbon dioxide and nitric oxides were lower when compared to the exhaust gases of the engine powered by diesel fuel only.

PL

Rozwój tłokowych silników spalinowych wymuszany jest dążeniem do ograniczenia ich negatywnego wpływu na środowisko. Jednym z wielu różnych możliwych sposobów stopniowego rozwiązywania tego problemu jest stosowanie paliw alternatywnych w stosunku do obecnie stosowanych benzyn i olejów napędowych. Paliwem na które znaczną uwagę zwróciła Unia Europejska jest gaz ziemny. Państwa Unii Europejskiej zostały zobowiązane do zbudowania do 2025 roku infrastruktury umożliwiającej tankowanie gazu ziemnego do samochodów. W artykule przedstawiono perspektywy rozwoju zastosowania gazu ziemnego w transporcie Unii Europejskiej i jego najważniejsze właściwości jako paliwa do zasilania tłokowych silników spalinowych. Porównano charakterystyki obciążeniowe silnika Perkins 1104D-E44TA fabrycznie wyposażonego w układ zasilania Common Rail, wyznaczone przy jego zasilaniu olejem napędowym oraz przy jego zasilaniu dwupaliwowym, to jest gazem ziemnym i olejem napędowym. Zasilając silnik dwupaliwowo otrzymano mniejsze wartości mocy efektywnej i efektywnego momentu obrotowego oraz większe wartości godzinowego i jednostkowego zużycia paliwa. Ponadto zasilając silnik sprężonym gazem ziemnym i olejem napędowym otrzymano w spalinach większe stężenia niespalonych węglowodorów i tlenku węgla oraz mniejsze stężenia dwutlenku węgla i tlenków azotu, w porównaniu do zasilania silnika olejem napędowym.

12

Wykorzystanie biogazu do zasilania silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Wierzbicki S.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2017

|

nr 4

52--56

PL

Zwiększenie wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych to jeden z głównych kierunków rozwoju współczesnej energetyki. Jednym z paliw, o znaczeniu rosnącym w najbliższym czasie, jest biogaz, który powstaje na skutek naturalnych procesów zachodzących podczas rozkładu biomasy. W artykule opisano wyniki badań wykorzystania biogazu do zasilania silników o zapłonie samoczynnym. Z uwagi na wysoką temperaturę samozapłonu metanu, głównego palnego składnika biogazu, jego wykorzystanie w tych silnikach wymaga zastosowania dwupaliwowego układu zasilania. W takim rozwiązaniu niewielka dawka paliwa ciekłego wtryskiwana do komory spalania wywołuje zapłon metanu. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ udziału biogazu w dawce zasilającej oraz wpływ wybranych parametrów sterujących na osiągi współczesnego silnika spalinowego z układem zasilania typu Common Rail.

EN

Increase of the use of alternative fuels is the main objective for modern energy industry. Biogas, as a product of natural processes occurring during the decomposition of biomass, is gaining appreciation all over the world. The paper describes the results of research on the use of biogas as fuel for compression-ignition engines. Because of the high auto-ignition temperature of methane, which is the main combustible component of biogas, its use re-quires a dual-fuel supply system. In such approach, a small dose of conventional liquid fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber and causes the ignition of gaseous fuel. The paper also describes influence of the biogas quantity and selected control parameters on the performance of a modern internal combustion engine equipped with Common Rail injection system.

13

The analysis of the possibilities of increasing the share of propane in the fuel mixture supplied to a dual fuel diesel engine

Skrzek T.

Combustion Engines

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2017

|

R. 56, nr 2

32--37

EN

The paper presents the main reasons for the limitations as to the share of gaseous fuel in dual fueling in commercial engine applications. It also indicates the proposals of solutions aiming at increasing of the share of this fuel. The investigations were conducted in two stages. The first stage of the investigations involved gradual increase in the share of propane at a simultaneous phasing out of the amount of diesel fuel so that the excess air coefficient remained on the same level. The second stage of the investigations involved a maximum possible share of propane with a simultaneous adjustment of the diesel fuel injection parameters. The investigations were performed for three different values of the charging pressure: 200, 400, 600 mbar and for a naturally aspirated variant. The obtained results led to a conclusion that modifying diesel fuel injection parameters and increasing the charging pressure allow a significant increase in the share of gaseous fuel up to 70% of the total energy contained in both fuels.

14

CNG injector research for dual fuel engine

Majczak A., Barański G., Siadkowska K., Sochaczewski R.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2017

|

Vol. 11, no 1

212--219

EN

The article presents the tests results of the prototype design of hydraulically assisted injector that is designed for gas supply into diesel engines. The construction of the injector allows for its positioning in the glow plug socket, so that the gas is injected directly into the combustion chamber. The cycle analysis of the four-cylinder Andoria ADCR engine with a capacity of 2.6 dm3 for different crankshaft rotational speeds allowed to determine the necessary time for fuel injection. Because of that, it was possible to determine the required mass flow rate of the injector, for replacing as much of the original fuel by gaseous fuel. To ensure a high value of flow inside the injector, supply pressure equal to 1 MPa was applied. High gas supply pressure requires high value of valve opening forces. For this purpose a injector with hydraulic control system, using a liquid under pressure for the opening process was designed. On the basis of air pressure measurements in the flow line after the injector, the analysis of opening and closing of the valve was made. Measurements of outflow mass of the injector were also carried out. The results showed that the designed injector meets the requirements necessary to supply ADCR engine with CNG fuel.

15

Numerical study on in-cylinder blending by means of a simultaneous direct injection of two liquid fuels in a heavy duty compression ignition engine

Kapusta Ł. J., Teodorczyk A.

Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery

|

2015

|

nr 128

5--18

EN

Dual fuel combustion has been recently of high interest, mainly in terms of utilization of fuels different than diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Depending on the properties of a fuel which is additional to diesel fuel, and the type of the additional fuel supply method the combustion process may be strongly modified comparing to single fuel combustion. Nowadays the modification of the combustion process becomes the reason for implementing the dual fuelling process. However, still the main reason for its implementation remains the utilization of nonconventional fuels in compression ignition engines. Among different types of dual fuel systems the one based on simultaneous direct injection of two fuels seems to be most flexible one. It allows to stratify the charge in the cylinder, blend two different fuels at any ratio and does not decrease volumetric efficiency. Therefore, this study aims at mixture formation in a heavy duty engine employing simultaneous direct injection of two different liquid fuels. Special attention was paid to spray breakup and simultaneous evaporation of two fuels which are the key processes in mixture formation.

16

Numerical simulations of dual fuel combustion in a heavy duty compression ignition engine

Kapusta Ł. J., Teodorczyk A.

Combustion Engines

|

2015

|

R. 54, nr 4

47--56

EN

In this study dual fuel direct injection was studied in terms of utilizing in compression ignition engines gaseous fuels with high octane number which are stored in liquid form, specifically liquid propane. Due to the fact that propane is not as much knock-resistant as natural gas, instead of conventional dual fuel system a system based on simultaneous direct injection of two fuel was selected as the most promissing one. Dual fuel operation was compared with pure diesel operation. The performed simulations showed huge potential of dual fuel system for burning light hydrocarbons in heavy duty compression ignition engines. However, further secondary fuel injection system optimization is required in order to improve atomization and lower the emissions.

PL

W niniejszej pracy przeanalizowano dwupaliwowy układ zasilania oparty na bezpośrednim wtrysku dwóch paliw w kontekście wykorzystania gazowych paliw o dużej liczbie oktanowej, mianowicie propanu, w silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym. Z uwagi na to, iż propan nie jest tak odporny na spalanie stukowe jak metan, zamiast konwencjonalnego układu dwupaliwowego łączącego wtrysk bezpośredni i pośredni zdecydowano się na zastosowanie koncepcji zasilania opartej na bezpośrednim wtrysku dwóch paliw. Praca silnika w trybie dwupaliwowym została porównana z pracą silnika wyłącznie na oleju napędowym. Przeprowadzone symulacje pokazały duży potencjał układów dwupaliwowych w kontekście wykorzystania lekkich węglowodorów w silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym dużej mocy. Jednak, dalsza optymalizacja układu paliwowego jest niezbędna, aby poprawić proces rozpylenia paliwa i obniżyć emisję.

17

Badania symulacyjne bezpośredniego wtrysku gazu ziemnego do komory spalania dwupaliwowego silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym

Biały M., Wendeker M.

Logistyka

|

2014

|

nr 6

1876-1884

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań numerycznej analizy kąta początku wtrysku paliwa alternatywnego do komory spalania silnika Diesla. Na podstawie geometrii silnika ADCR, produkcji Andoria-Mot, wykonano model CFD obejmujący komorę spalania oraz kanały w głowicy wraz z dyszą wtryskiwacza CNG. Model umożliwił przeprowadzenie symulacji procesu napełniania, sprężania oraz procesu tworzenia mieszanki. Za pomocą specjalnie opracowanego wtryskiwacza sprężonego gazu ziemnego, zamontowanego w gnieździe świecy żarowej, gaz dostarczano do przestrzeni roboczej silnika. Inicjację procesu spalania realizowano za pomocą wtrysku dawki pilotażowej oleju napędowego, po czym spalano metan. W pracy określono dopuszczalny przedział kątowy wtrysku CNG, ze względu na ciśnienie zasilania gazu, ciśnienie panujące w przestrzeni roboczej, czy prędkość obrotową wału korbowego silnika z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania z grupy AVL. Proponowane rozwiązanie przyczynia się do obniżenia zużycia ropopochodnego paliwa (oleju napędowego), zmniejszy emisję toksycznych składników zawartych w gazach spalinowych oraz korzystnie przełoży się na nakłady finansowe ponoszone na zakup paliwa do silników trakcyjnych i stacjonarnych wyposażonych w jednostkę o zapłonie samoczynnym.

EN

The article presents the results of numerical analysis of timing injection angle of an alternative fuel injection into the combustion chamber of the Diesel engine. Based on the ADCR engine geometry, production Andoria-Mot, a CFD model of combustion chamber and ducts in the engine head with CNG injector nozzle was made. Model enabled the simulation of the filling, compress and mixture creation process. Using a specially developed, compressed natural gas injector, mounted in the socket of the glow plug, the gas was supplied to the working space of the engine. Initiation of the combustion process was carried out by a pilot injection of diesel oil, then methane was combusted. The paper defines the acceptable range of angular CNG injection, due to the pressure of the gas supply, the pressure in the working space, the engine speed rotation by means of AVL simulation software. The proposed solution helps to reduce the consumption of petroleum fuel (diesel), reduce the release of toxic components contained in the exhaust gases and, preferably, will translate into financial expenditures incurred for the purchase of fuel for traction and stationary engines equipped with compression-ignition unit.

18

The effect of addition of LPG and camelina oil esters on noise and vibration in a dual fuel CI engine

Szczurowski K., Radkowski S., Walczak D., Zieliński Ł.

Diagnostyka

|

2014

|

Vol. 15, No. 4

53--57

EN

With the development of internal combustion engines, engineers attempt to reduce the noise and vibration generated. Due to the high cost of fuel, are increasingly looking for new sources of power in order to reduce costs. In diesel engines, an increasingly popular method is the admixture of propane-butane. This follows because of the price of the fuel as well as to improve the efficiency of combustion. With the development of this type of dual fuel power seems to be a reasonable study of the effects of LPG to generate noise and vibration, as well as an attempt to evaluate the combustion process. The article describes preliminary studies on these phenomena example Yanmar L70 with a modified injection system of diesel and LPG in the gaseous phase. The paper presents the results of noise and vibration of dual fule engine using different shares of LPG and camelina oil esters.

PL

Wraz z rozwojem silników spalinowych, inżynierowie podejmują próby redukcji emitowanego hałasu i generowanych drgań. Ze względu na wysokie koszty paliwa, coraz częściej poszukuje się nowych źródeł zasilania w celu obniżenia kosztów. W silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym, coraz bardziej popularną metodą jest domieszka propan-butanu. Wynika to ze względu na cenę tego paliwa jak również na poprawę efektywności spalania. Wraz z rozwojem tego typu zasilania dwupaliwowego rozsądnym wydaje się być badanie wpływu dodatku LPG na emisję hałasu oraz generowanie drgań, jak również próba oceny procesu spalania. W artykule opisano wstępne badania dotyczące tych zjawisk na przykładzie silnika Yanmar L70 ze zmodyfikowanym układem zasilania oleju napędowego oraz instalacją LPG w fazie gazowej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań wibroakustycznych podczas pracy silnika pod obciążeniem dla różnych udziałów dawki LPG oraz podczas zamiany części oleju napędowego olejami estrowymi.

19

LES numerical study on n-hexane injection in a compression ignition engine

Kercheva B., Kapusta Ł. J., Teodorczyk A.

Archivum Combustionis

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2014

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Vol. 34 nr 2

155--167

EN

The aim of the study was the comparison of different approaches to modeling the injection process in a heavy duty compression ignition engine. The conducted numerical investigation concerned n-hexane direct injection into the engine combustion chamber. Simulations were performed using AVL Fire software, a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code based on the control volume method. In order to achieve engine conditions, computational model was built basing on piston and cylinder geometry of a real engine and the mesh deformation was defined according to crank mechanism dimensions of the engine. In presented simulations for modeling dispersed phase the Lagrangian approach was used. For capturing the turbulent patterns present in the flow, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach was used. Three different nozzle outflow conditions were compared. In the simplest case, constant flow rate was defined. In the second one, linear stage of increase and decrease of flow rate was defined, and in the third one – the most advanced – data collected during previously done in-injector cavitating flow simulations were used to define the flow parameters on the nozzle outlet. Calculated results for all cases were analyzed and compared. The focus was on the initial stage of the spray. The results show that the way of defining parameters at the outlet influences not only the initial stage of the spray but the whole process.

20

Impact of engine control on the energetic inter change ability of diesel oil by gas in dual fuel GI engine

Stelmasiak Zdzisław

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 4

425--434

EN

A compression ignition engine fuelled simultaneously with two fuels: a fuel with low cetane number used as the main fuel, and Diesel oil used to initiation of ignition, is assumed to be called as a dual fuel engine. This system is perfectly suited to adaptation to supply of CNG gas in majority of compression ignition engines. Such adaptations can concern both an older engine equipped with classic injection system, and modern engine with common rail system. In traction engines, interchangeability of liquid fuel by the gas belongs to important issues, what is a condition of profitability of the adaptation and operation of dual fuel engines. In the paper are presented test results of the 1CA90 engine with piston pump to injection of liquid fuel, and a system with mixer to supply of the gas; and the SB3.1 engine equipped with common rail system and injection of the gas in area of the inlet valve. On the base of performed tests one has shown variability of energetic fraction of the CNG gas in total energy supplied to the engine. The tests were performed in complete field of variability of engine parameters, i.e. rotational speed and engine load. Obtained results have shown that in spite of decreasing fraction of the gas at partial loads of medium size traction engines, substantial reduction of operational consumption of the Diesel oil is possible. Due to significant differences in price of the CNG gas and the Diesel oil, it gives considerable savings in operational costs of the engines. It should encourage users of the engines to adaptation of the fuelling to the CNG gas. In the paper is presented a proposal of control system to dual fuel traction engine, from maintaining its performance parameters point of view.