Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current motor. Part 2: Software

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2023

|

nr 26(1)

17--31

EN

The software for an optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current (DC) motor is presented in Part 2 of the article. The structure of the designed control system was described in Part 1. The developed system processes data received from an infrared transmitter. The project was upgraded in successive stages of development, and it ultimately evolved into a small computer with a motor controller. The designed system automatically adjusts the motor’s rotation and speed. The user is tasked only with conveying operational commands. The entire system is based on a single microcontroller. The designed optoelectronic system receives user commands (the program can be modified to support free-space optical communication networks conforming to all communication standards). The system activates the motor, counts the number of rotations and adjusts the motor’s position.The designed system operates on the following principle: the user sends commands to the motor via a remote control with an infrared diode. The keys on the remote control have been programmed with different commands. The transmitted data are processed by the system which activates the motor and sets the desired motor speed. The task is completed, and the system is ready to process the next command. If the number of rotations differs from the preset value, the motor’s position is adjusted. If the physical position of the rotor axis is altered, the system corrects the offset to the last programmed position. The designed system can be easily adapted to various types of motors and IR controllers.

2

An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current motor. Part 1: Electrical and electronic design

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2023

|

nr 26(1)

5--15

EN

An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current (DC) motor is presented in Part 1 of the article. The software for the designed motor is described in Part 2. A system for processing data from an infrared transmitter was built. The project was upgraded in successive stages of development, and it ultimately evolved into a small computer with a motor controller. The designed system automatically adjusts the motor’s rotation and speed. The user is tasked only with conveying operational commands. The entire system is based on a single microcontroller. The designed optoelectronic system receives user commands (the program can be modified to support free-space optical communication networks conforming to all communication standards). The system activates the motor, counts the number of rotations and adjusts the motor’s position.The designed system operates on the following principle: the user sends commands to the motor via a remote control with an infrared diode. The keys on the remote control have been programmed with different commands. The transmitted data are processed by the system which activates the motor and sets the desired motor speed. The task is completed, and the system is ready to process the next command. If the number of rotations differs from the preset value, the motor’s position is adjusted. If the physical position of the rotor axis is altered, the system corrects the offset to the last programmed position. The designed system can be easily adapted to various types of motors and IR controllers.

3

Metrological Aspects of Controlling the Rotational Movement Parameters of the Auger for Dewatering Solid Waste in a Garbage Truck

Wójcik Waldemar, Bereziuk Oleh V., Lemeshev Mykhailo S., Bohachuk Volodymyr V., Polishchuk Leonid K., Bezsmertna Oksana, Smailova Saule, Kurmagazhanova Saule

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2023

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Vol. 69, No. 2

233--238

EN

In the article, a device for measuring the parameters of the rotational movement of the auger for dewatering solid waste is proposed based on the analysis of signal processing methods and measurement of physical quantities. It can be used in the development of high-performance special vehicles for transporting waste as the main link in the structure of machines for the collection and primary processing of solid waste. The structural scheme of the means and block diagram of the microcontroller control program algorithm for implementation of the device for measuring the parameters of the rotational motion are proposed. The main technical characteristics of the proposed means are given. The results of experimental tests for measuring the parameters of rotational motion are shown. The results of experimental studies, which are given in the work, confirmed the reliability of the measured parameters.

4

Optoelectronic system for controlling an alternating current motor. Electrical and electronic design

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2022

|

nr 25(1)

59--75

EN

A control system for a three-phase induction motor was designed with the use of optoelectronic components and methods. Motor speed was controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. This solution ensures a wide range of rotational speeds, constant torque and effective start-up of an induction motor. The designed motor is supplied with direct current converted to three-phase alternating current. The adopted solution relies on renewable sources of energy to produce DC power. The designed electric motor is controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. Input voltage with the desired waveform is generated by the motor’s electronic system that relies on two microcontrollers. The presented solution features a user interface.

5

Digital approach to thermionic emission current to voltage conversion for high-voltage sources of electrons

Kania Bartosz

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

|

T. 12, nr 4

78--81

EN

The thermionic emission current is used in many vacuum devices such as evaporators, rare gas excimers, or electron beam objects for highenergy physics. The stability of the thermionic emission current is a very important requirement for the accuracy of those devices. Hence, there is a number of control systems that use a feedback signal directly proportional to the emission current in order to stabilize the thermionic emission current. Most of them use feedback from a high-voltage anode circuit to a low-voltage cathode circuit. However, there is a novel solution that uses linear cathode current distribution and processing of two cathode circuit voltage signals for converting the emission current to voltage. However, it is based on old-fashioned analog technology. This paper shows the thermionic emission current to voltage conversion method with the use of a digital control system. A digital realization of a multiplicative-additive algorithm is presented and proper work in closed-loop mode is confirmed.

PL

Prąd termoemisji elektronowej jest wykorzystywany w wielu przyrządach próżniowych takich jak ewaporatory, ekscymery gazów rzadkich czy w fizyce wysokich energii. Stabilność natężenia prądu termoemisji elektronowej jest ważnym wymaganiem w kontekście dokładności tych przyrządów. Istnieje wiele układów regulacji natężenia prądu termoemisji elektronowej, które używają sygnału sprzężenia zwrotnego wprost proporcjonalnego do natężenia prądu termoemisji elektronowej w celu jego stabilizacji. Większość z nich wykorzystuje sprzężenie od wysokonapięciowego obwodu anody do niskonapięciowego obwodu katody. Istnieje nowe rozwiązanie, które wykorzystuje liniowy rozkład prądu katody oraz przetwarzanie dwóch sygnałów z obwodu katody w celu konwersji natężenia prądu termoemisji na napięcie. Niestety metoda ta bazuje na przestarzałej technologii analogowej. W niniejszej pracy pokazana została konwersja natężenia prądu termoemisji elektronowej na napięcie z użyciem cyfrowego układu automatycznej regulacji. Cyfrowa realizacja algorytmu multiplikatywno-addytywnego została zaprezentowana, a poprawna praca w zamkniętej pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego potwierdzona.

6

Battery Supercharging System in Electrical Vehicles Using Photovoltaic Panels

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2021

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nr 24(1)

27--38

EN

In this project, a system was designed there was designed a system for charging batteries in electric vehicles using photovoltaic panels. Low cost of operation, cheap reliable construction and simple user interface were among the main criterias taken into account. Each energy source was carefully selected and, modules were used so that they could in the way to power the microcontroller and charge the energy storage source. This article is a part of a project related to the design of digital control devices with electric drives carried out at the UWM.

7

Zdalne nauczanie Techniki Cyfrowej w obliczu pandemii COVID_19

Noga Krystyna Maria

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

199--204

PL

Obecne pokolenia w każdym aspekcie swojego życia uzależnione są od mediów cyfrowych. Skuteczność tego medium zmieniła system edukacji. Technika cyfrowa odgrywa ważną rolę w systemie nauczania na studiach inżynierskich, takich jak elektrotechnika. W artykule przedstawiono propozycje wykorzystania środowiska Multisim do nauczania techniki cyfrowej z uwzględnieniem szczególnych warunków wynikających z ograniczonego dostępu do zajęć stacjonarnych, a przede wszystkim do zajęć laboratoryjnych. Zaprezentowano przykłady wykorzystania programu Multisim do wyznaczania charakterystyk statycznych i dynamicznych bramek logicznych. W artykule przedstawiono także wirtualny, cyfrowy układ sterowania pracą windy ładunkowej, jako przykład wykorzystania środowiska Multisim do budowy bardziej zaawansowanych projektów.

EN

The current generations of people are depended on the digital medium in every aspect of their life. The effectiveness of the digital medium has changed the education system. Digital logic is typically a course offered in engineering degree programs, such as electrical engineering. It plays a key role in the hardware curriculum system. The article presents proposals for using the Multisim software to teaching digital logic, taking into account the specific conditions resulting from the limited access to classroom classes, and above all to laboratory classes. Examples of the use of the Multisim software to determine the static and dynamic characteristics of logic gates have been presented. The article also presents a virtual, digital control system for the ship's cargo lift, as an example of using the Multisim to build more advanced projects.

8

Zastosowanie układów programowalnych do cyfrowego sterowania modelami obiektów

Noga Krystyna Maria

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

|

R. 97, nr 2

87--92

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zbudowane w Katedrze Automatyki Okrętowej Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni, do badań naukowych i dydaktyki, modele rzeczywistych obiektów, tj. model pojazdu, model elektrowni okrętowej oraz grawerkę laserową. Urządzenia te są sterowane przy pomocy algorytmów zaimplementowanych w strukturach układów programowalnych FPGA oraz CPLD.

EN

Nowadays, while conducting scientific, research, development and design works, various tools are most often used to test and implement new systems and devices. Thanks to this work it is possible to create new solutions and test them. New devices and systems have completely taken over almost every area of the modern world, i.e. industry, communication, medicine, and household. Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) are very often used in these works, especially Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD). Most of the electronic integrated circuits currently being created during prototype construction are implemented in FPGA circuit structures. Programmable systems are also used to digitally control various objects. The article presents models of real objects constructed at the Department of Ship Automation of the Gdynia Maritime University for scientific research and teaching, i.e. vehicle model, ship power plant model and laser engraving machine. These devices are controlled using algorithms implemented in the structures of programmable FPGA and CPLD systems.

9

Stability and robustness analysis of discrete-time fractional-piecewise-constant-order PID controller

Oziablo Piotr, Mozyrska Dorota, Wyrwas Malgorzata

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

|

Vol. 69, nr 5

art. no. e137937

EN

In the paper we propose a fractional-piecewise-constant-order PID controller and discuss the stability and robustness of a closed loop system. In stability analysis we use the transform method and include the Nyquist-like criteria. Simulations for designed controllers are performed for the second-order plant with a delay.

10

A controller for brushless direct current electric motors Part 1: electrical and electronic design

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2020

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nr 23(2)

185--198

EN

A universal controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was designed in the presented article. The system is controlled from the user console where operating parameters are set by the user. Signals are transmitted by cables to microcontrollers which drive and monitor electric motors. Microprocessors communicate via a data bus. The controller contains the user console module and the motor control module. The user console module generates commands, and motors are controlled and monitored by the control module. Motor control modules operate independently, and each brushless motor has a dedicated control module. Brushless motors can be controlled in bipolar or unipolar mode. The control method is selected by the operator. The user console and motor controllers communicate via the I2C bus.

11

A controller for brushless direct current electric motors. Part 2. Software

Syroka Zenon

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2020

|

nr 23(3)

209--220

EN

A universal controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was designed in the presented article. The system is controlled from the user console where operating parameters are set by the user. Signals are transmitted by cables to microcontrollers which control and monitor electric motors. Microprocessors communicate via a data bus. The controller contains the user console module and the motor control module. The user console module generates commands, and motors are controlled and monitored by the control module. Motor control modules operate independently, and each brushless motor has a dedicated control module. Brushless motors can be controlled in bipolar or unipolar mode. The control method is selected by the operator. The user console and motor controllers communicate via the I²C bus.

12

All-Bootstrap Gate-Driver Supply System for a High-Voltage-Gain Resonant DC-DC Converter with Seven Switches

Stala Robert, Mondzik Andrzej, Penczek Adam, Waradzyn Zbigniew, Skała Aleksander

Power Electronics and Drives

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2020

|

Vol. 5 (40)

135--142

EN

This paper presents the concept and implementation of an electronic system for a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. The converter consists of seven switches, five of which being controlled like high-side type. This paper presents a non-typical bootstrap-based gate-driver system so that the converter can run using a single voltage source. The converter requires a special switching pattern to drive seven switches in a steady state and also during the start-up of the converter and the regulation of the output voltage. Therefore, an FPGA-based digital control system is used with various switching algorithms and protection functions implemented. The presented converter is an autonomic device that taps the energy from the main input. Therefore, the electronic system of the converter is equipped with a self-supply system with a wide range of the input voltage. The parameters of the converter such as voltage gain, voltages and power ranges can be scalable for prospective applications with the proposed control system.

13

Wykorzystanie platform Arduino Uno oraz DE2-115 do sterowania modelami aut

Noga K. M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2018

|

Nr 60

85--90

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe stanowisko badawcze i dydaktyczne którym jest zestaw składający się z dwóch odpowiednio zmodernizowanych modeli aut sterowanych radiowo. Zaprojektowane specjalnie na potrzeby laboratorium Techniki Cyfrowej przykładowe cyfrowe sterowanie wykorzystuje platformy DE2-115 oraz Arduino Uno. Modele aut zostały dodatkowo wyposażone w sygnalizację świetlną i dźwiękową oraz po 3 ultradźwiękowe czujniki odległości HC-SR04, które umożliwiają detekcję przeszkody. Modele poruszają się we wspólnej przestrzeni tak, aby unikać kolizji pomiędzy sobą oraz z innymi przeszkodami.

EN

The article presents a new research and teaching laboratory stand consists a set of two appropriately modernized radiocontrolled models of cars. These models of cars have been additionally equipped with lighting - LEDs, buzzers and three ultrasonic distance sensors HC-SR04, which enable detection of a hindrance. Models move in a common space to avoid collisions between themselves and other hindrances. The exemplary digital controlling using the DE2-115 and Arduino Uno platforms are specially designed for the needs of the Digital Technique laboratory.

14

Optimal digital control of an uncertain parameter 2nd order plant

Oprzędkiewicz K.

Science, Technology and Innovation

|

2018

|

Vol. 2, no. 1

59--63

EN

In the paper a construction of a control system for 2nd order, uncertain-parameter plant is discussed. The considered model of the plant is described by state space equation or by equivalent transfer function and it describes a huge class of real control plants, for example – electric drives or oriented PV systems. As a controller the digital proportional (P) controller was employed. The control system is going to be implemented at the microcontroller platform. Results are by the example depicted.

15

Synteza transmitancji operatorowej bloku sterowania przetwornicą BUCK z kompensacją indukcyjności pasożytniczej kondensatora

Hapka A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

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R. 94, nr 8

13--16

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano syntezę transmitancji operatorowej (w dziedzinie s) dla bloku sterowania podstawowej wersji synchronicznej przetwornicy BUCK. Otrzymana transmitancja zapewnia kompensację wpływu pasożytniczej indukcyjności kondensatora wyjściowego na przebiegi czasowe w układzie. Proponowane rozwiązanie niweluje występowanie oscylacji napięcia wyjściowego powstających po skokowych zmianach napięcia wejściowego oraz prądu w obciążeniu.

EN

The article presents the synthesis of transfer function of BUCK converter control system. The obtained s-transmittance ensures compensation of the influence of the parasitic inductance of the output capacitor on the time waveforms in the system. The proposed solution eliminates the occurrence of output voltage oscillation arising after step changes in the input voltage and current in the load.

16

Intelligent, energy saving power supply and control system of hoisting mine machine with compact and hybrid drive system

Szymański Z.

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2015

|

Vol. 60, no. 1

239--251

EN

In the paper present’s an analysis of suitableness an application of compact and hybrid drive system in hoisting machine. In the paper presented the review of constructional solutions of hoisting machines drive system, driving with AC and DC motor. In the paper presented conception of modern, energy sparing hoisting machine supply system, composed with compact motor, an supplied with transistor or thyristor converter supply system, and intelligent control system composed with multilevel microprocessor controller. In the paper present’s also analysis of suitableness application an selected method of artificial intelligent in hoisting machine control system, automation system, and modern diagnostic system. In the paper one limited to analysis of: fuzzy logic method, genetic algorithms method, and modern neural net II and III generation. That method enables realization of complex control algorithms of hosting machine with insurance of energy sparing exploitation conditions, monitoring of exploitation parameters, and prediction diagnostic of hoisting machine technical state, minimization a number of failure states. In the paper present’s a conception of control and diagnostic system of the hoisting machine based on fuzzy logic neural set control. In the chapter presented also a selected control algorithms and results of computer simulations realized for particular mathematical models of hoisting machine. Results of theoretical investigation were partly verified in laboratory and industrial experiments.

PL

Przedstawiono analizę celowości wprowadzania, napędów zintegrowanych oraz napędów hybrydowych, do układów napędowych maszyn wyciągowych. Zamieszczono przegląd rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych wybranych hybrydowych oraz zintegrowanych napędów maszyn wyciągowych z silnikami DC i AC. Opisano koncepcję nowoczesnego, energooszczędnego układu zasilania górniczych maszyny wyciągowej, złożonego z silnika zintegrowanego, (tranzystorowego lub tyrystorowego) zasilacza przekształtnikowego, oraz inteligentnego obwodu sterowania zbudowanego na wielopoziomowych sterownikach mikroprocesorowych. Przedstawiono analizę możliwości zastosowania wybranych metod sztucznej inteligencji w układach sterowania, automatyki oraz diagnostyki maszyn wyciągowych. W referacie ograniczono się do analizy metod sterowania rozmytego, metod algorytmów genetycznych oraz nowoczesnych sieci neuronowych II oraz III generacji. Metody te zapewniają realizację złożonych algorytmów sterowania maszyną wyciągową z zapewnieniem energooszczędnych warunków eksploatacyjnych, monitoringu parametrów eksploatacyjnych oraz predykcyjną diagnostykę stanu technicznego maszyny wyciągowej, minimalizującą liczbę stanów awaryjnych. Przedstawiono koncepcję układu sterowania i diagnostyki maszyny bazującej na metodzie: fuzzy-logic neuro set control system (sterowanie rozmyte w sieciach neuronowych). Przedstawiono wybrane algorytmy sterowania oraz wyniki analiz komputerowych wybranych modeli matematycznych maszyny wyciągowej. Wyniki rozważań teoretycznych zostały częściowo sprawdzone w warunkach laboratoryjnych oraz przemysłowych.

17

Fractional-order digital filter approximation method for embedded control applications

Tepljakov A., Petlenkov E., Belikov J.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2014

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Vol. 5, nr 2

54--60

EN

Fractional-order calculus presents a novel modeling approach for systems with extraordinary dynamical properties by introducing the notions of derivatives and integrals of noninteger order. In system theory this gives rise to extensions to linear, time invariant systems to enhance the description of complex phenomena involving memory or hereditary properties of systems. Standard industrial controllers, such as the PID controller and lead-lag compensator, have also been updated to beneﬁt from the effects of noninteger integration and differentiation, and have advantages over classical controllers in case of both conventional and fractional-order process control. However, given the deﬁnitions of fractional operators, accurate digital implementation of fractional-order systems and controllers is difﬁcult because it requires inﬁnite memory. In this work we study the speciﬁc implementation of a fractional-order PID controller and fractional-order lead-lag compensator based on an inﬁnite impulse response (IIR) ﬁlter structure obtained by applying the Oustaloup recursive ﬁlter synthesis technique. Software for generating digital fractional-order is developed and tested on an Atmel AVR microcontroller. The results are veriﬁed using a MATLAB/Simulink based real-time prototyping platform.

18

Tuning and digital implementation of a fractional-order PD controller for a position servo

Tepljakov A., Petlenkov E., Belikov J., Astapov S

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

|

2013

|

Vol. 4, nr 3

116--123

EN

Fractional-order calculus offers ﬂexible computational possibilities that can be applied to control design thereby improving industrial control loop performance. However, before theoretical results can be carried over to an industrial setting it is important to study the effects of fractional-order control by means of laboratory experiments. In this paper, we study the practical aspects of tuning and implementing a fractional-order PD controller for position control of a laboratory modular servo system using FOMCON (“Fractional-order Modeling and Control”) toolbox for MATLAB. We provide an overview of the tools used to model, analyze, and design the control system. The procedure of tuning and implementation of a suitable digital fractional-order controller is described. The results of the real-time experiments conﬁrm the effectiveness of used methods.

19

Optimization of a Digital Controller and Observer in a Two-Mass System - the LQ Problem

Pracownik A., Sieklucki G., Tondos M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2012

|

R. 88, nr 2

341-348

EN

The paper describes a proposed control system for a 2-mass electric drive with flexible shaft. The control system utilizes observed state variables: the drive system speed and tensional moment. To meet the motor current limits an additional armature current PI controller is used. Optimization of the stabilizing controller and the state variables observer is based on the discrete-time LQ problem. Further, simulations of the system operation for different resolutions of modelled A/D and DA converters and the processor word lengths (digital control) are described.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia propozycję sterowania 2–masowym układem napędowym (z połączeniem sprężystym). Przedstawiono system regulacji bazujący na obserwowanych zmiennych stanu: prędkości agregatu i momentu skręcającego. W celu spełnienia ograniczeń prądowych silnika zastosowano dodatkowy regulator PI prądu twornika. Optymalizację regulatora stabilizującego i obserwatora zmiennych stanu przeprowadzono w oparciu o dyskretny problem LQ. W części opisującej badania symulacyjne przedstawiono pracę układu z uwzględnieniem różnych rozdzielczości modelowanych przetworników analogowo-cyfrowych, cyfrowo analogowych oraz długości przetwarzanego słowa procesora (regulacja cyfrowa).

20

Wykorzystanie logiki rozmytej do poprawy jakości sterowania cyfrowego serwonapędu

Broel-Plater B.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2011

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R. 15, nr 2

546-555

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sposób poprawy jakości sterowania cyfrowego serwonapędu dzięki użyciu logiki rozmytej. Logika ta została użyta do obliczania wartości nastaw oraz korygowania wartości zadanych serwonapędu zastosowanego do sterowania obrabiarką numeryczną CNC. Rozważania zilustrowano wynikami komputerowych symulacji pracy cyfrowego serwonapędu ACOPOS firmy B&R.

EN

The paper presents a way to improve control performance of a digital servo-drive by means of fuzzy-logic. Fuzzy-logic has been employed to evaluate settings and to correct set-points of a servo-drive used to control a CNC machine tool. The study is illustrated by results of computer-simulated operation of the ACOPOS digital servo-drive manufactured by B&R.