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EN
Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the experience gained by the Polish Military Contingent in Iraq in the field of logistic support and preparation of military equipment. An additional goal is to present how the process of technical security of the Polish Armed Forces outside the country has evolved. Methods: The aim of the article is to present the experience gained by the Polish Military Contingent in Iraq in the field of logistic support and preparation of military equipment. An additional goal is to present how the process of technical security of the Polish Armed Forces outside the country has evolved. Results: Statements and concepts of the phenomenon of power and the phenomenon of influence from ancient times to the present have been derived and systematized, positive and negative effects accompanying the two phenomena in social human life have been indicated, with an emphasis on the management of people and resources. Conclusions: Statements and concepts of the phenomenon of power and the phenomenon of influence from ancient times to the present have been derived and systematized, positive and negative effects accompanying the two phenomena in social human life have been indicated, with an emphasis on the management of people and resources.
EN
This article presents results of experimental investigations of the lap blind riveted joint. The main goal of the work is determination of destructive load of the blind riveted joints. The blind rivets were originally used in the aircraft structures where access to both sides of the riveted structure is impossible. Blind rivets are now commonly used in many branches of industry because of their low cost. Moreover, the riveting process is uncomplicated. There are many publications about analysis of strength of solid rivets in the research literature. However, the strength analysis of the blind rivets was rarely undertaken. There is the research gap in the analysis of both the strength and the load capacity of blind riveted joints. The influence of selected geometrical parameters of the joint on the stress distribution and the destructive force was not widely described in literature. The first part of the work presents a review of standards and publications related to stress and strength analysis of blind riveted joints. The next part of the study describes experimental investigations of joints. The examined specimens were made out of AW 2017 aluminum alloy, cut from 1[mm] thick sheet. Investigated blind rivets were made out of aluminum alloy. The lap joint with one rivet and the single row five-rivet joint were investigated. Moreover, the different size of hole chamfer were considered. The experimental tests were performed with the use of Zwick-Roell tension machine. The main results of experimental investigations are ultimate shear load diagrams. The influence of both the hole chamfer and the number of rivets on destructive force and shear diagrams of blind riveted joints were in detail analysed. After shear tests, the fractured rivets were magnified in order to explain the failure phenomenon of blind rivets. In the future research works the obtained results will be used in strength analysis of the blind riveted joints using the finite element method.
EN
The article presents comparative analysis of destructive force values for adhesive, adhesive-riveted and titanium alloy riveted joints, widely applied in aircraft industry. The analysis was conducted for three types of assembly joints: adhesive, adhesive-riveted and riveted. The two joints variants considered differed in the length of the lap, the number and the distribution of rivets. The riveted and adhesive-riveted joints tested included two or five rivets. Moreover, two lap lengths were applied for all the tested joint types (adhesive, adhesive-riveted, riveted), 16 and 32 mm. In the case of single-riveted joints (2 rivets) the lap length was 16mm, while for the other sample (5 rivets) - 32 mm. The results of the tests led to observe the increase of the destructive force value in the case of adhesive joints with the increase of the lap length. The observation was not dissimilar for the riveted and adhesive-riveted joints. The comparison of the three joint types of equal lap length indicated that the destructive force value for adhesive-riveted and riveted joints difference was negligible, while lower values could be observed in the case of adhesive joints.
EN
The article presents comparative analysis of destructive force values for adhesive, adhesive-riveted and titanium alloy riveted joints that are widely applied in aircraft industry. An analysis was conducted of three types of assembly joints: adhesive, adhesive-riveted and riveted. The two joints variants differ in the length of the lap, number and distribution of rivets. The riveted and adhesive-riveted joints include two or five rivets. Moreover, two lap lengths were applied for all the tested joint types (i.e. adhesive, adhesive-riveted, riveted) 16 and 32 mm. In the case of single-riveted joints (i.e. 2 rivets) the lap length was 16 mm, while for the other sample (5 rivets) - 32 mm. The results of the tests led to an increase of the destructive force value in adhesive joints with the increase of the lap length. The observation was not the same for riveted and adhesive-riveted joints. The comparison of those three joint types of equal lap length indicated that the difference is negligible between destructive force value for adhesive-riveted and riveted joints, while the lower values are observed for the adhesive joints.
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PL
Miskant olbrzymi należy do grupy roślin energetycznych, i jest wykorzystywany m.in. do produkcji "czystej energii". Z procesami związanymi z pozyskaniem (zbiór), jak również przetwarzaniem (rozdrabnianie, zagęszczanie) pozyskanej biomasy na cele energetyczne, wiąże się znajomość właściwości fizycznych, głównie mechanicznych rośliny. Zakres przeprowadzonych badań obejmował określenie właściwości mechanicznych badanego materiału.
EN
Miscanthus giganteus belongs to the group of energy plants and among other things it is used for "clean energy" production. The processes involving acquisition (harvesting) and processing (shredding, compaction) of biomass acquired for energy production purposes require plant physical (mainly mechanical) properties to be known. The scope of completed tests included determination of mechanical properties for tested materials.
PL
Miskant olbrzymi należy do grupy roślin energetycznych, i jest wykorzystywany m.in. do produkcji "czystej energii". Z procesami związanymi z pozyskaniem (zbiór), jak również przetwarzaniem (rozdrabnianie, zagęszczanie) pozyskanej biomasy na cele energetyczne, wiąże się znajomość właściwości fizycznych, głównie mechanicznych rośliny. Zakres przeprowadzonych badań obejmował określenie właściwości mechanicznych badanego materiału. Uzyskane wyniki mogą zostać wykorzystane przy projektowaniu nowych, bądź ulepszaniu już istniejących procesów technologicznych.
EN
Miscanthus giganteus belongs to the group of plants used to produce energy, and among others it is used to generate "clean energy". The processes involving acquisition (harvesting) and processing (shredding, compaction) of acquired biomass for energy production purposes require knowledge of physical (mainly mechanical) properties of the plant. The scope of completed research covered determination of mechanical properties of the examined material. Obtained results may be used to design new or to improve already existing production processes.
PL
W pracy określono wpływ zastosowanej obróbki hydrotermicznej i następującym po nim oddziaływaniu podciśnienia na zmiany zawartości wody, siły niszczącej, energii koniecznej do zniszczenia pojedynczych ziaren, oraz zmian pola powierzchni rzutu poziomego pojedynczych ziaren. Materiałem wykorzystanym do badań była kukurydza paszowa. Materiał badawczy został poddany obróbce hydrotermicznej (gotowanie przez 20 i 30 minut w temperaturze 100°C) i następnie poddana oddziaływaniu obniżonego ciśnienia (30 kPa) przez 1, 3 i 5 minut. W całym zakresie stosowanych czasów oddziaływania podciśnienia 30 kPa zaobserwowano wyższe wartości sił niszczących dla surowca obrabianego hydrotermicznie 20 minut w stosunku do obrabianego 30 minut.
EN
The work describes the influence of applied hydrothermal treatment and the following vacuum interaction on changes in water content, destructive force, energy necessary to destroy single grains, and changes of surface area of the horizontal projection of single grains. The material used in the tests was feed corn. The test material was put to hydrothermal treatment (cooking for 20 and 30 minutes at 20°C) and then put to lower pressure (30 kPa) action for 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Within the whole time range of 30 kPa vacuum activity, higher values of destructive forces were observed for raw product hydrothermally treated for 20 minutes when compared to the one treated for 30 minutes.
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