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1

Human factors influencing the reliability and safety of vehicles, Kenya case study

Kamwara Eric, Szpytko Janusz

Journal of KONBiN

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2024

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Vol. 54, iss. 2

107--113

EN

This paper investigates how human decisions and actions in maintenance practices influence the reliability and safety of vehicles in the Kenyan transportation sector. It specifically addresses several human factors that play a crucial role in influencing the reliability and safety of vehicles. Neglecting the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule, employing inadequately skilled maintenance personnel, utilizing substandard replacement parts, and exhibiting poor driving habits emerge as key contributors to the compromised reliability and safety within the country's road transportation sector. The research underscores the substantial implications of these human factors, shedding light on their profound influence on the overall condition and security of vehicles in the Kenyan transportation landscape. This paper aims to contribute valuable insights for improving maintenance practices and fostering a safer and more reliable environment within the country's transportation sector, ultimately promoting enhanced safety standards and operational efficiency.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy wpływu decyzji i działania człowieka w zakresie procesu obsługiwania na niezawodność i bezpieczeństwo pojazdów w kenijskim sektorze transportu drogowego. Zaniedbanie zalecanego przez producenta harmonogramu konserwacji, zatrudnianie niewystarczająco wykwalifikowanego personelu konserwacyjnego, wykorzystywanie części zamiennych poniżej akceptowalnego standardu i wykazywanie złych nawyków jazdy przez kierowców, to kluczowe czynniki przyczyniające się do obniżonej nie-zawodności i bezpieczeństwa w sektorze transportu drogowego w kraju. Mają one istotny wpływ na ogólny stan i bezpieczeństwo pojazdów w kenijskim krajobrazie transportowym. W artykule dokonano analizy istniejących praktyk w zakresie eksploatacji wybranej klasy środków transportu i sformułowano uwagi ukierunkowane na możliwość poprawy praktyk w zakresie użytkowania i obsługiwania, z ukierunkowaniem na poprawę bezpieczeństwa i wydajności operacyjnej.

2

Managing selected areas of preparation military personnel for their assigned roles in the state

Sylwestrzak Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

531--549

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to identify the research gap in the management of the process of competence preparation of soldiers in the context of their social roles and expectations of citizens. To achieve this goal, the first part of the paper explains the concepts of professional training and activities that shape a professional serviceman. The second part of the paper is devoted to social competence vs. emotional intelligence in the management of military personnel. The third part analyzes the results of a study of the extent to which military personnel fulfill the roles assigned to this formation in society. Design/methodology/approach: The research presented in this study is based on the analysis of the literature and critical review of selected areas of professional preparation of military personnel. The literature study also took into account secondary sources, which were research communications in the subject area. Using methods of logical deduction and inference, conclusions and recommendations were derived, which are presented in the final part of the article. The combination of different research methods made it possible to obtain a broader context of the phenomenon under study and ensured a higher quality of the research conducted. Personal experience regarding the training of military personnel was also used, as the author is professionally involved in the academic training of military personnel, as discussed in this paper. Findings: The dynamics and high level of complexity in the modern world of VUCA, moreover the expectations of societies force the continuous improvement of the process of competence preparation of military personnel. Studies indicate that the profession of a soldier is oriented towards fulfilling the basic needs of the other which are the needs for security and protection of private property and more broadly of society as a whole. In the research, those interviewed presented that they feel a moral responsibility to fulfill their role primarily to society and their own conscience. This is confirmed by the awareness of military personnel as to their choice of vocation in their professional life and service, as well as the properly conducted process of professional development of cadres and the correct direction of competence development. However, in areas such as the opinions of subordinates, one can find opinions suggesting demonstrated deficiencies in social behavior, especially in superiors, which should be monitored in professional development and supplemented as necessary. Research limitations/implications: Continuous changes in the sphere of security, customs, trends and in the structure of societies result in the emergence of new expectations and needs addressed to military personnel. This is a contribution to continuing research on the directions of development in the field of competence development in a dynamically changing environment. Practical implications: The recommendations developed on the basis of the research is the identified need to develop professional competence in the emotional intelligence (competence) of military personnel, especially in the cognitive and social aspects, ensuring the adaptation of soldiers to function under threat conditions. This should result in the expansion of the periodic evaluation questionnaires, to which soldiers are subjected, with indicators and measures relating to the individual assessment of competence preparation in relation to social and emotional competence, and the preparation of a program to improve the diagnosed shortcomings in this area. Originality/value: Based on the conducted research, the article proposes original system solutions for managing the competence development of military personnel in their roles in society.

3

An aviation accident report data-driven approach to scenario design for a centrifuge-based dynamic flight simulator

Lewkowicz Rafał

Journal of KONBiN

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2023

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Vol. 53, iss. 4

161--189

EN

The use of flight simulators in investigating an aviation incident or accident related to human errors has been identified as an important part of a strategy to improve safety. This study aimed to replicate a real flight of the MiG-29 aircraft using a centrifuge-based dynamic flight simulator and to determine the simulator’s accuracy in recreating in-flight aircraft performance. A 60-second recording of the real flight of the MiG-29 aircraft, captured by the flight data recorder, was chosen for replication in the HTC-07 human training centrifuge simulator. To evaluate how accurately the simulator replicates the performance of the aircraft, the linear accelerations and angular velocities acting on a pilot during the real flight were compared with those during the replication of that flight in the simulator. The fit of these parameters was assessed using the root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) and the correlation coefficient (r). The highest replication accuracy was achieved for the vertical component of the linear acceleration (RMSPE=2068; r=0.98), while the worst result was obtained for the longitudinal component (RMSPE=14205; r=0.31). Inaccuracies were much more pronounced for the angular velocity. The roll angular velocity had the lowest replication error (RMSPE=12640). However, its correlation with the recorded velocity during the real flight was very weak (r=-0.02). Despite some inaccuracies in replicating other components of the acceleration and angular velocity vectors, the HTC-07 simulator seems valuable for investigating aviation incidents or accidents related to human factors.

PL

Wykorzystanie symulatorów lotu w badaniach incydentu lub wypadku lotniczego, którego przyczyną mógł być błąd ludzki, zostało uznane za ważną część strategii poprawy bezpieczeństwa lotów. Celem tego badania było odtworzenie rzeczywistego lotu samolotu MiG-29 w dynamicznym symulatorze lotu opartym na wirówce przeciążeniowej oraz ocena, czy symulator ten może dokładnie odtworzyć osiągi samolotu podczas lotu. Do odtworzenia w wirówce przeciążeniowej – symulatorze HTC-07 wybrano 60-sekundowe nagranie rzeczywistego lotu samolotu MiG-29, zarejestrowane przez pokładowy rejestrator danych lotu. W celu oceny, jak dokładnie symulator odtwarza osiągi samolotu porównano przyspieszenia liniowe i prędkości kątowe działające na pilota podczas rzeczywistego lotu z przyspieszeniami działającymi podczas replikacji tego lotu w symulatorze. Dopasowanie tych parametrów oceniono za pomocą średniokwadratowego błędu procentowego (RMSPE) oraz współczynnika korelacji (r). Największą dokładność replikacji osiągnęła składowa pionowa przyspieszenia liniowego (RMSPE = 2068; r = 0,98), podczas gdy najgorszy wynik miała składowa podłużna (RMSPE = 14205; r = 0,31). Niedokładności były znacznie bardziej widoczne w przypadku prędkości kątowej. Prędkość kątowa przechyłu miała najniższy błąd replikacji (RMSPE = 12640), jednak jej korelacja z zarejestrowaną prędkością podczas rzeczywistego lotu była bardzo słaba (r = -0,02). Pomimo niedokładności w odtwarzaniu pozostałych składowych wektorów przyspieszenia i prędkości kątowej, symulator HTC-07 wydaje się cennym narzędziem do badania incydentów lub wypadków lotniczych związanych z czynnikiem ludzkim.

4

Maritime situational awareness аs a key measure for safe ship operation

Melnyk Oleksiy, Bychkovsky Yuriy, Voloshyn Andrii

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 114

91--101

EN

The maritime industry is a high-risk industry, which constantly has to make decisions in a rapidly changing environment. Therefore, understanding the essence of "situational awareness" is very important for making the right decision. In this regard, it is obvious that a correct situation analysis, based on a theoretical basis, creates the proper prerequisites for making the right decision in a developing situation, and vice versa. Considering this fact, this article proposes to study the factors that influence this phenomenon, their regularities and connections. It presents the data of a survey among seafarers to determine the level of understanding of situational awareness as a predominant component of the human factor in most accidents in the maritime industry.

5

Depression in work environment - its causes, symptoms and prevention

Gembalska-Kwiecień Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

71--82

EN

Purpose: This paper addresses the problem of depression. Depression is one of the most common mental health problems faced by employees, regardless of their position. WHO research indicates that various forms of depression will become, along with cardiovascular diseases, the most frequent health condition of people in developed regions of the world. Treatment in most cases restores health, yet it is highly disturbing that half of the patients do not undergo treatment for various reasons, thus depriving themselves of the chance to return to normal life and work. The purpose of this paper is to highlight this very important problem. Design/methodology/approach: Literature research of the subject was carried out. Findings: The risk of incidence of depression at work can and should be minimized. First of all, overall physical and mental health of employees should be taken care of. Therefore, we should take care of healthy sleep, healthy diet, practice sports and tourism, and find time to develop our passions and interests outside of work. Of course, the key issue here is the work environment. It is important for the employee to follow the basic rules of hygiene at mental or physical work. That is, not to burn the candle at both ends, not to overwork, not to set excessive, and thus often unrealistic goals to achieve, use rational breaks at work and, above all, take care of good relations with our colleagues. Also, report problems with professional work on an ongoing basis. Practical implications: The issues discussed in this paper significantly affect the improvement of methods related to work environment management and the desired shaping of attitudes and behavior of employees regarding the approach to the issue of depression, a problem related to work environment that has been downplayed so far. Originality/value: A holistic approach to depression. Defining it as an interdisciplinary problem. It should be handled by doctors of various specialties, especially psychiatrists, of course, but also general practitioners, neurologists, gastroenterologists, cardiologists and many other physicians. It also requires the attention of non-medical specialists.

6

Conflict in work environment - its causes, prevention, methods of solving

Gembalska-Kwiecień Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

59--70

EN

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Institute of Economics and Informatics, Zabrze; Anna.Gembalska-Kwiecien@polsl.pl, ORCID: 0000-0001-9275-0447 Purpose: This paper attempts to present the essence of the problem of conflicts in the work environment, as well as their most important causes and methods of solving them. Attention was also drawn to the possibility of creative resolution of the disputed issues. The essence of conflict is problematic, due to various definitions and concepts assigned to the term. In the presented paper, conflict will be defined in a way that enables consideration of its constructive, as well as functional aspects. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire addressed to employees. Literature research of the subject was carried out. Findings: When several or a dozen or so people are to cooperate, conflicts are inevitable and even useful, they occur in all teams, regardless of their nature. Teams that are aware that constructive conflicts are needed and are prepared to resolve them work effectively, even when difficult or crisis situations arise. Members of such teams are not surprised by them, they know how to act in such situations and what behaviors of other participants of the conflict they can expect. Therefore, constructive conflicts do not deteriorate employees' efficiency, atmosphere or relations in the team. Practical implications: The issues discussed in this paper significantly affect the improvement of methods related to work environment management and the desired shaping of attitudes and behavior of employees regarding a constructive approach to the issue of conflict at work. Originality/value In company management, the greatest attention should be paid to people as the subjects of all activities. Therefore, it is worth considering and asking the question what to do in a conflict situation, what actions to take, so that the conflict is not only a destructive phenomenon, but so that by searching for its multifaceted solutions, it becomes an instrument of organizational innovation and can lead to constructive solutions and creative changes in the company.

7

Metoda oceny ryzyka wystąpienia sytuacji potencjalnie wypadkowej na rusztowaniu

Błazik-Borowa Ewa, Czarnocki Krzysztof, Czarnigowska Agata, Szer Iwona, Szer Jacek, Hoła Bożena

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 7-8

42--50

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metodę oceny ryzyka wystąpienia sytuacji potencjalnie wypadkowej na rusztowaniu. Metoda składa się z zestawu badań, które są niezbędne do oceny pracy na rusztowaniu w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa, i modelu ORWKIZ, który określa sposób wyznaczenia grupy zagrożenia, jakie występuje na rusztowaniu. Model uwzględnia czynniki prawno-społeczno-ekonomiczne, czynniki środowiskowe, czynniki organizacyjne, czynniki techniczne i czynniki ludzkie. Badanie bezpieczeństwa pracy na rusztowaniach w Polsce wykazało, że na prawie 90% rusztowań występuje wysokie zagrożenie wystąpienia sytuacji niebezpiecznej, a tym samym wypadkiem. Grupą czynników, które najbardziej się do tego przyczyniają, są czynniki środowiskowe.

EN

The paper presents a method for assessing the risk of adverse events related with the work on scaffoldings. The method involves collecting input directly on site, and feeding it into a purpose-built model (ORKWIZ) to determine the level of risk. The model accounts for factors related with legal, social, economic, environmental, organizational, technical and behavioural aspects of work. The method applied to the analysis of a large sample of Polish construction sites with scaffoldings indicated that almost 90% of scaffoldings posed a considerable hazard. The factors that contributed the most to the scale of risk are the environmental factors.

8

Tygiel kulturowy a zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem produktu

Małkowska Joanna, Grela Edyta, Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena

Problemy Jakości

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2022

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R. 54, nr 2

16--24

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present how the cultural melting pot, ubiquitous in international corporations, contributes to building and ensuring a safety culture in the company. By organization, we mean a company with an aviation profile, on the basis of which the analysis was based, and where the product safety is understood as ensuring the safety of the aircraft flight. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the observation method which was based on the practical experience of the authors in implementing the Safety Management System. The publications and statistics related to the above system were analysed, the conclusions were presented in a comparative analysis. Findings/conclusions: The research evaluation showed that the awareness of the influence of cultures on ensuring the quality of products and services also translates into ensuring human safety. The combination of the cultural aspects with ensuring product safety is a signpost for the effective implementation of the Safety Management System in organizations. Despite many cultural differences, between employees, the organization should provide a work environment that aims at ensuring product safety as much as possible. The meaning of the word safety should be unambiguous for all employees across the organization. Research limitations: The research may be limited by focusing on an arbitrarily selected group of countries for analysis. The article compares the cultural aspects as well as the product quality management process characteristic of two countries: Poland and Singapore. In the future, to better understand the phenomenon of cultural impact on product safety, a larger number of countries, characterized by a diverse culture, should be analysed. Practical application: The applied methodology of implementing the Safety Management System, based on the analysis of the cultural aspects, can be used by industries whose priority is to ensure product safety – such as, for example, aviation or medicine. Originality/value: The aspect of cultural impact on ensuring product safety presented in the article may be an example of building foundations for the implementation of the Safety Management System in an organization.

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, jak tygiel kulturowy, wszechobecny w międzynarodowych korporacjach, przyczynia się do zbudowania i zapewnienia kultury bezpieczeństwa w organizacji. Poprzez organizację rozumiemy firmę o profilu lotniczym, na bazie której została oparta analiza, a gdzie bezpieczeństwo produktu rozumiane jest jako zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa lotu statku powietrznego. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: W artykule użyto metody obserwacji, która została oparta na doświadczeniu praktycznym autorek przy wdrażaniu Systemu Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem (ang. Safety Management System). Przeanalizowano publikacje i statystyki związane z powyższym systemem, a wnioski z nich poddano analizie porównawczej. Wyniki/wnioski: Ocena badawcza ukazała, iż świadomość wpływu kultur na zapewnienie jakości produktów i usług przekłada się również na zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa człowieka. Połączenie aspektów kulturowych z zapewnieniem bezpieczeństwa produktu stanowi drogowskaz do skutecznego wdrożenia Systemu Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem w organizacjach. Pomimo wielu różnic kulturowych pomiędzy pracownikami organizacja powinna zapewnić środowisko pracy dążące do jak największego zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa produktu. Znaczenie słowa bezpieczeństwo powinno być jednoznaczne dla wszystkich pracowników organizacji. Ograniczenia: Ograniczeniem badań może być skoncentrowanie się na wybranej arbitralnie grupie państw do analizy. W artykule porównane są bowiem aspekty kulturowe, a także proces zarządzania jakością produktu, charakterystyczne dla dwóch państw: Polski i Singapuru. W przyszłości w celu szerszego rozpoznania zjawiska wpływu kulturowego na bezpieczeństwo produktu należałoby poddać analizie większą liczbę państw charakteryzujących się zróżnicowaną kulturą. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Zastosowana metodyka wdrażania Systemu Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem, oparta na analizie aspektów kulturowych, może zostać wykorzystana przez branże, których priorytetem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa produktu – takie jak np. lotnictwo czy medycyna. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Przedstawiony w artykule aspekt wpływu kulturowego na zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa produktu może stanowić przykład w zakresie budowania podwalin do wdrożenia Systemu Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem w organizacji

9

Impact of the human factor on the security of information resources of enterprises during the Covid-19 pandemic

Kobis Paweł, Karyy Oleh

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 24, No. 2

210--227

EN

This article aims to determine the impact of the human factor on the security of information resources of enterprises during the Covid-19 pandemic. The theoretical section of the article describes the phenomenon of the human factor in the security of intangible resources, and isolates the most important mistakes noted in the literature made by employees, clients, and business partners, affecting the level of security of the information system of business entities. The empirical section of the article contains an analysis of selected, current research by recognised business intelligence companies around the world, providing for the impact of the human factor on information security, along with comparing them to data from before the Covid-19 pandemic. The presented research was conducted both among the IT staff as well as persons who on a daily basis manage information resources in enterprises. The data was acquired with the use of electronic questionnaires and through an analysis of data coming from particular security software produced or distributed by the authors of reports. The research results contain an applicable, critical analysis. It has been proven that the current Covid-19 pandemic affects the security of information resources, and that remote work practiced in modern enterprises carries an increased risk of errors in information management. The purpose of the article is to present how changing the way of working during the pandemic affects information security, and to show the problems which modern enterprises are facing.

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu czynnika ludzkiego na bezpieczeństwo zasobów informacyjnych przedsiębiorstw podczas pandemii Covid-19. W części teoretycznej artykułu opisano zjawisko czynnika ludzkiego w bezpieczeństwie zasobów niematerialnych oraz wyodrębniono najważniejsze błędy odnotowane w literaturze przez pracowników, klientów i partnerów biznesowych, wpływające na poziom bezpieczeństwa systemu informatycznego podmioty gospodarcze. Część empiryczna artykułu zawiera analizę wybranych, aktualnych badań uznanych wywiadowni gospodarczych na całym świecie, dotyczących wpływu czynnika ludzkiego na bezpieczeństwo informacji, wraz z porównaniem ich z danymi sprzed pandemii Covid-19. Prezentowane badanie zostało przeprowadzone zarówno wśród pracowników IT, jak i osób na co dzień zarządzających zasobami informacyjnymi w przedsiębiorstwach. Dane pozyskano za pomocą ankiet elektronicznych oraz poprzez analizę danych pochodzących z określonego oprogramowania zabezpieczającego produkowanego lub dystrybuowanego przez autorów raportów. Wyniki badań zawierają stosowną, krytyczną analizę. Udowodniono, że pandemia Covid-19 wpływa na bezpieczeństwo zasobów informacyjnych, a praca zdalna praktykowana w nowoczesnych przedsiębiorstwach niesie ze sobą zwiększone ryzyko błędów w zarządzaniu informacją. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, jak zmienia się sposób pracy w czasie pandemii wpływa na bezpieczeństwo informacji, a także pokazuje problemy, z jakimi borykają się współczesne przedsiębiorstwa.

10

Czynnik ludzki jako zasada sztuki wojennej na przykładzie obrony Lanckorony w 1771 roku

Przybylak Michał

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2021

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Nr 4

91--108

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę zobrazowania roli czynnika ludzkiego jako zasady sztuki wojennej na przykładzie obrony zamku w Lanckoronie w 1771 roku. Potyczka ta - jedna z niewielu zwycięskich dla strony polskiej podczas konfederacji barskiej z lat 1768-1772 - dowodzi, że strona słabsza pod względem liczebnym i jakościowym ma szansę na zwycięstwo. Może je osiągnąć przez stworzenie przewagi na gruncie czynnika ludzkiego, zwłaszcza morale. Autor dąży do zdefiniowania czynnika ludzkiego jako zasady sztuki wojennej oraz określenia jego składowych. Posługując się głownie metodą historyczną, przedstawia przebieg krótkiego boju o Lanckoronę z 20 lutego 1771 roku oraz wskazuje, w jakich jego momentach czynnik ludzki odegrał kluczową i decydującą rolę. Wnioski z analizy pozwoliły na ustalenie, że takie czynniki jak przywództwo, morale, inicjatywa, kreatywność i wytrzymałość pozwoliły słabszej stronie, polskim obrońcom, uzyskać przewagę i osiągnąć zwycięstwo nad Rosjanami.

EN

The article attempts to illustrate the role of the human factor as the principle of the art of war, based on the example of the defense of the castle in Lanckorona in 1771. This skirmish - one of the few victorious for the Polish side during the Bar Confederation of 1768-1772 - is a perfect example of the fact that the weaker party, both quantitatively and qualitatively, can win by creating an advantage in the field of the human factor, especially morale. The author defines the human factor and its components as the principles of the art of war. Then, with the use of historical methods, he describes the course of the short battle of Lanckorona on February 20, 1771, and indicates the moments when the human factor played a decisive role. The results of the analysis allowed to conclude that it was precisely the factors such as leadership, morale, initiative, creativity and endurance that enabled the weaker Polish defenders to build an advantage, and thus to achieve victory over the Russians.

11

Berlik Marcin, Ewertowski Tomasz

Journal of KONBiN

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2021

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Vol. 51, iss. 3

75--86

EN

The purpose of this publication is to discuss the issues related to the operator sleep deficiency, its effects and the resulting risk. The issue is discussed on the example of a pilot, as a position in which the probability of occurrence of the phenomenon is high, with consequences of its occurrence that can be very severe. Despite the fact, the authors try to present the issues in a universal way enabling reference to a wide spectrum of different types of operators. In the article, concepts such as risk and fatigue are characterized. Furthermore, short and long-term fatigue are discussed, as well as the impact of shift work on human health and reliability. The second part presents methods of fatigue monitoring useful in aviation. The summary emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to the issue of crew fatigue in the management and the need for actions before commencing with work.

PL

Celem publikacji jest omówienie zagadnień związanych z niedoborem snu operatora, jego skutków oraz wynikającego z nich ryzyka. Powyższe zagadnienie omawiane jest na przykładzie pilota jako stanowiska, na którym prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia zjawiska jest wysokie, a konsekwencje jego wystąpienia mogą nieść za sobą bardzo dotkliwe skutki. Mimo to autorzy starali się przedstawić problematykę w sposób uniwersalny, umożliwiając odniesienie treści do szerokiego spektrum różnego rodzaju operatorów. W pierwszej części artykułu scharakteryzowane zostały takie pojęcia jak ryzyko i zmęczenie. Omówiono także rodzaje zmęczenia: krótkotrwałe i długotrwałe oraz wpływ pracy zmianowej na stan zdrowia i niezawodność człowieka. W drugiej części zaprezentowano metody monitorowania zmęczenia użyteczne w lotnictwie. W podsumowaniu podkreślono konieczność holistycznego podejścia do zagadnienia zmęczenia załóg w zarządzaniu oraz podejmowania działań jeszcze przed rozpoczęciem wykonywania pracy.

12

Development of system of automated occupational health and safety management in enterprises

Bochkovskyi A. P., Sapozhnikova N. Yu.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 107, nr 1

28--41

EN

Purpose: Develop a system of automated occupational health and safety management to improve the procedure for minimizing occupational risks and ensure comprehensive protection of employees from the impacts of negative factors of the systems "man - machine - environment". Design/methodology/approach: The following set of scientific methods was used in the study: analysis of normative-legal documents and scientific-technical literature in the field of building and functioning of occupational safety and health management systems, methods of system analysis, simulation methods, namely discrete-event simulation (DES) of random and dynamic processes, methods of decision theory and data mining. Findings: Based on the results of the research, a system of automated occupational health and safety management, which due to the connection the functionally independent elements (according to a certain scheme) allows to provide comprehensive protection of employees from the impacts of negative factors of the system "man - machine - environment" and reduce occupational injuries and diseases, was developed. This is done by constant monitoring and promt correcting of parameters of impact on the employee of the specified factors. The developed system was implemented in the occupational health and safety management system of the industrial enterprise "Stalkanat-Silur" (Odessa, Ukraine), resulting in reducing the number of accidents, in particular, in dangerous areas of production by 33.3%, increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise through increasing the level of productivity by 5% and reducing in the number of social insurance payments by 11%. Research limitations/implications: The developed system can be implemented both within separate industrial premises and in the enterprise as a whole, but the number of its elements could be changed (increase / decrease) depending on the number of jobs and dangerous areas that need control. Practical implications: The implementation of the proposed system allows to increase the level of economic efficiency of the enterprise by increasing the level of labor productivity due to reducing the negative impact on the employee of harmful factors and compliance with rational mode of work and rest in each workplace, as well as by reducing the number of social insurance payments due to reducing the occupational injuries and diseases. Originality/value: For the first time the system of automated occupational health and safety, which, in contrast to existing automated occupational risk minimization systems and traditional occupational health and safety management systems, provides comprehensive protection of employees from the the impacts negative factors of the system "man - machine - environment", by constant monitoring the parameters of such impact and their prompt correction in case of deviation of the specified parameters from the set criteria, was developed and proposed for use at enterprises, institutions and organizations.

13

Application of the reason model within risk management on railway crossings – a case study

Nedeliakova Eva, Llizbetinova Lenka, Stasiak-Betlejewska Renata, Sperka Adrian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 109

129--140

EN

Despite constant efforts to improve safety in the railway environment, various accidents and incidents happen, resulting in material damage and in the worst case, loss of human lives. This article emphasises the need for proper identification of risks, their constant monitoring, and evaluation of all causes that arise at railway crossings. Furthermore, this paper aims to apply the Reason model to the problems of railway crossings within the case study on the railway network in Slovakia. The timeliness of the problem lies in the possibility of preventing such issues in the operation of rail transport using this model. Prevention is an effective way of averting the serious consequences of accidents in the future.

14

Możliwości zastosowania analizy SWOT/TOWS w procesie projektowania koncepcji bezpieczeństwa behawioralnego

Sadłowska-Wrzesińska Joanna, Marczewska-Kuźma Roma, Jakubowicz Alicja

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2020

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Nr 81

181--200

PL

Obecne podejście do zagadnień bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ochrony zdrowia pracowników musi wykraczać poza ramy uregulowań prawnych oraz rozwiązań technicznych i technologicznych. Współczesny świat pracy wymaga interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do badań nad bezpieczeństwem i uwzględniania czynnika ludzkiego w najwyższym wymiarze – przez podmiotowe traktowanie każdego pracującego. Ten kontekst badań wiąże się z analizą zachowań pracowniczych, a więc z behawioralnym aspektem problematyki bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia w pracy. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zaprezentowanie możliwości wykorzystania analizy SWOT do identyfikacji kluczowych czynników wewnętrznych (sił i słabości) oraz zewnętrznych (szans i zagrożeń) wybranego przedsiębiorstwa w kontekście wdrażania koncepcji bezpieczeństwa behawioralnego (BBS).

EN

The current approach to the issues of occupational health and safety, with particular emphasis on the protection of employee health, must go beyond the framework of legal regulations and technical / technological solutions. The contemporary working world requires an interdisciplinary approach to safety research and taking into account the human factor to the greatest extent – by treating each worker as the subject of the research. This research context is related to the analysis of employee behavior, i.e., the behavioral aspect of safety and health at work. The aim of this study is to present the possibility of using SWOT analysis to identify the key internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors of a selected enterprise in the context of implementing the behavioral safety concept (BBS).

15

The functioning of the work safety management system in a selected enterprise and the problem of employee participation

Gembalska-Kwiecień Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 142

153--165

EN

Purpose: The presented article deals with the analysis of the functioning of the work safety management system in hard coal mining in the example of a selected mine. The basic elements that make up the safety management system are presented, with particular emphasis on employee participation. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire addressed to employees. Literature research of the subject was carried out. Findings: In a modern enterprise, all employees, at all levels, must be involved in creating the desired safety culture. Every regular employee must realistically see respect and compliance with OHS regulations by the supervision and the top management of the Mine. Practical implications: The issues raised in the article significantly affect the improvement of preventive methods related to work safety, including environmental conditions and work organisation, as well as attitudes and behaviour of employees. Originality/value: In safety management, the greatest attention should be devoted to man as the subject of all activities. Because it is the human factor that causes most accidents, and the other factors, often referred to as the work factor, lose their relevance when new technologies and materials are used to provide greater safety.

16

Mobbing prevention as one of the challenges of a modern organization

Gembalska-Kwiecień Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 144

71--85

EN

Purpose: The paper discusses a comprehensive approach to the phenomenon of mobbing within an organization. It shows its characteristics and the causes of this negative phenomenon in an enterprise. It presents the profile of both a mobber and a victim of mobbing. It outlines the course of mobbing, the tactics used in the process and its effects. Design/methodology/approach: Literature research of the subject was carried out. Findings: It also indicates the methods of mobbing prevention, with particular emphasis on the broadly understood prophylaxis, both on the level of organization and the employee. Research limitations/implications: (not applicable) Practical implications: Managerial staff should also develop (or delegate this task to HR or PR department) a program of anti-mobbing activities, taking into account the nature of the organization, improve their qualifications on the management of ethical conflicts, and promote ethical behaviour in the enterprise or institution: promote good practices, appreciate positive behaviour and strongly condemn unethical behaviour. Social implications: Mobbing is a phenomenon that has existed for a long time, but in recent years, in countries where human rights are respected, it was decided to fight this pathology. Originality/value: Mobbing prevention in an enterprise must be a systemic action. First and foremost, it concerns the employer, who should introduce anti-mobbing procedures and immediately react to unacceptable behaviour in the workplace. Employees can also protect themselves from mobbing.

17

Risk and human factor in carriage of dangerous goods by road

Bęczkowska Sylwia, Choromański Włodzimierz, Grabarek Iwona

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 1

19--28

EN

Authors in the article present an original method of risk assessment, taking “human errors" into account in its assumptions, filling an existing methodological gap in this field of study. This article presents a general concept of a method: estimating risk assessment and modeling human factors as the main cause of a road accident. Fuzzy logic techniques have been used to generate the value of the parameter characterizing the human factor. The authors „band” model is used in the calculation of the probability of a traffic accident in the transportation of hazardous products. Literary and original research has been conducted in the development of the model. This new approach to risk assessment takes into account in particular the effect of the human factor on the probability of an accident, as well as the diversity of the different segments making up the total route of a dangerous good. This method is useful for estimating the variability of risk, taking into account the human factor both on planned and existing routes depending on the categorization of road sections, the division into classes of dangerous goods, the effect of possible scenarios, and risks on transport safety.

18

Safety at work in small enterprises based on analysis of technical, organizational and human factors

Niciejewska Marta, Kasian Serhii

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2020

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Vol. 2, Iss. 1

95--106

EN

The small-sized enterprises, i.e. micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), constitute the basis of the Polish economy. They are considered as a key element among all economic entities, primarily driving economic growth by strengthening GDP, but also employment growth and social integration. Most of the Polish workers are employed in enterprises of "small size". Therefore, effective management of work safety in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises is essential. It is very important to ensure appropriate and safe working conditions for employees of "small size" economic entities, but also for their long-term functioning on the market. Unfortunately, the results of publicly available reports indicate a relatively low level of occupational health and safety in "small size" enterprises. Occupational safety is considered primarily through the analysis of the basic triad of factors, which are - "technical safety at work" (T), "organizational safety at work" (O) and "human factor" (L). The paper presents the results of research conducted in "small-sized" enterprises (micro and small enterprises), including the analysis of technical, organizational and human factors. The tools that were used to implement the research assumptions include a questionnaire for the identification of threats in "small-sized" enterprises and the assessment of factors that affect work safety - with statistical analysis.

19

Porównanie innowacyjności w różnych gałęziach polskiego przemysłu z uwzględnieniem produkcji artykułów spożywczych®

Pawłowski Marek, Kułakowska Anna

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2020

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nr 2

216--230

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie innowacyjności w różnych gałęziach polskiego przemysłu z uwzględnieniem produkcji artykułów spożywczych. Omówione zostały istota oraz znaczenie innowacji i innowacyjności, uwarunkowania działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw, rodzaje innowacji oraz czynnik ludzki w organizacjach innowacyjnych jak również działalność innowacyjna przedsiębiorstw w latach 2016–2018 w świetle analiz statystycznych przeprowadzonych przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny.

EN

The aim of the article is to present innovation in various branches of Polish industry, including the production of food products. The essence and significance of innovation and innovation, determinants of innovative activity of enterprises, types of innovation and human factor in innovative organizations as well as innovative activity of enterprises in 2016–2018 in the light of statistical analyzes carried out by the Statistics Poland were discussed.

20

Research of risk taking and deviations from rules at an open pit mine in Serbia

Kirin Snezana, Miljanovic Igor, Brzakovic Miodrag, Trisovic Natasa

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

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nr 2

43--58

EN

Introduction/background: The paper pointed out the main elements of the human risk factor procedures shows the complexity of human risk factor management. Aim of the paper: The aim of this paper is to analyze the human risk factor in open pit mining, especially on compliance with safety rules and regulations. Materials and methods: The presented survey, in the form of a questionnaire, was conducted in an open pit coal mine involving 476 mineworkers. The goals were to determine factors with the biggest influence on risk and to create a model for predicting the behavior of mining workers. Results and conclusions: The obtained results indicate that leadership plays an important role in worker behavior. A supportive leadership style results in more responsible employee behavior and a lower probability of deviation to rules and procedures. The result also indicates that the safe behavior of workers is strongly influenced by the difficult to control factor of "life satisfaction". It has also been found that riskier work and longer work experience increases the likelihood of breaking the rules. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results are partly influenced by national culture. Practical implications: The obtained results indicate the need for continuous improvement in the risk management process and the rules and procedures by applying worker feedback.