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1

The effect of meteorological conditions on the course of development stages and yield of winter wheat in southern Poland

Skowera Barbara, Kulig Bogdan, Ziernicka-Wojtaszek Agnieszka, Grygierzec Wiesław, Ziółkowska Elżbieta, Lepiarczyk Andrzej

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

157--166

EN

Yield and the course of crop vegetation are the result of the interaction between the level of cultivation technology and the course of meteorological conditions, which are a variable production factor. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of meteorological conditions on the course of development stages and yield of winter wheat cultivated in two technological variants (A1 - medium-intensive and A2 - intensive). The paper uses data on yield and timing of winter wheat development stages from four Experimental Stations for Variety Testing (Pol. Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych - COBORU) experimental stations from 2007-2016 located within the Upper Vistula and Upper Oder River basins. To determine the dependence of the length of development stages of winter wheat on the values of selected meteorological elements, the linear regression metod, correlation coefficient. It was found that the lengths of the selected developmental stages are positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with the sum and number of days with precipitation in these stages. A 1°C increase in air temperature resulted in a shortening of the shooting - heading and heading - full maturity periods by 2.5 and 2.8 days respectively. An increase of 100 mm of precipitation in the periods sowing - full maturity and heading - full maturity resulted in an increase of these periods by 5 and 10 days. Increasing the number of days with precipitation by 10 days in the sowing - full maturity and heading - vax maturity stages resulted in extending these stages by 4.1 to 4.4 and 7 to 7.5 days for the A1 and A2 cropping technologies, respectively.

2

The evaluation of energy from grapevine shoots used as biomass depending on the cultivar

Klimek Kamila E., Kapłan Magdalena, Maj Grzegorz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

120--128

EN

The article examines the influence of physicochemical traits on yield depending on the variety and year of cultivation. Four common to Poland grape cultivars, i.e. ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’, ‘Seyval Blanc’, and ‘Solaris’, were evaluated by analysing, among others, number of clusters per bush, their weight, number of berries, and the yield per hectare, number of woody shoots, weight of woody shoots, and the diameter of woody shoots. Energy and emission parameters were evaluated by conducting technical evaluation (lower heating value, ash content, volatile matters content, moisture content, fixed carbon) and elemental analysis (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen contents) of one-year, two-year and three-year vine shoots. In addition, emission factors for CO, CO2, NOx, SO2 and dust were estimated. The study showed that there was no significant differences between years under study (2020, 2021 and 2022) and energy and emission parameters. It was observed that the highest LHV (lower heating value) occurred in the ‘Regent’ cultivar while the lowest level in the ‘Rondo’ cultivar. As regards energy-emission parameters, a significant influence of cultivar (‘Solaris’, ‘Rondo’, ‘Seyval Blanc’ and ‘Regent’) was shown on the parameters studied except for nitrogen content and NOx emission index. The interaction of year and cultivar showed no significant differences except for the moisture content.

3

Diversity of Aphids Associated with Field and under Greenhouse Crops (Wheat, Barley and Chili Pepper) across the Dryland Climate in Algeria

Bakroune Nourelhouda, Hachemi Ali, Ouamane Abdelmoneim Tarek, Boultif Meriem, Rouahna Houria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

99--109

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of aphids associated with the field and under greenhouse crops in an arid climate in southeastern Algeria (Biskra province). Using yellow basins for the insects sampling, a total of 6683 specimens of aphids were collected and identified into 33 species, five (05) subfamilies: Aphidinae, Pemphiginae, Chaitophorinae, Pterocommatinae, and Greenideinae; and six tribes: Aphidini, Macrosiphin, Pemphigini, Panaphidini, Chaitophorini and Greenideini, and 22 genera. The Macrosiphini tribe is quantitatively most dominant with 20 species (61%) of the inventoried aphid population, followed by the aphidini which groups together 9 species representing 27% of the aphids inventoried. The other tribes are less represented, including one species for each tribe (12% in total). Aphis gossypii was the predominant species 29.67% of the inventoried species, followed by Rhopalosiphum maidis (15.22%) and Rhopalosiphum padi (15.07%). In terms of total wealth (S), there was a strong and positive correlation between the diversity of aphids and crops (R2 = 0.73), and also a significant relationship (df = 15, Pr > F = 0.024). Shannon’s index spatial interpolation indicates a higher diversity on agricultural lands in the study area. Shannon’s diversity and evenness index values were greater in pepper under greenhouse in Dhibia station (H′ = 2.01, E = 0.84) compared to barley and wheat, in El Haouch and Saada, respectively (H′ = 1.18, E = 0.30 and H’ = 1.45, E = 0.21).

4

An explainable AI approach to agrotechnical monitoring and crop diseases prediction in Dnipro region of Ukraine

Laktionov Ivan, Diachenko Grigorii, Rutkowska Danuta, Kisiel-Dorohinicki Marek

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

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2023

|

Vol. 13, No. 4

247--272

EN

The proliferation of computer-oriented and information digitalisation technologies has become a hallmark across various sectors in today’s rapidly evolving environment. Among these, agriculture emerges as a pivotal sector in need of seamless incorporation of highperformance information technologies to address the pressing needs of national economies worldwide. The aim of the present article is to substantiate scientific and applied approaches to improving the efficiency of computer-oriented agrotechnical monitoring systems by developing an intelligent software component for predicting the probability of occurrence of corn diseases during the full cycle of its cultivation. The object of research is non-stationary processes of intelligent transformation and predictive analytics of soil and climatic data, which are factors of the occurrence and development of diseases in corn. The subject of the research is methods and explainable AI models of intelligent predictive analysis of measurement data on the soil and climatic condition of agricultural enterprises specialised in growing corn. The main scientific and practical effect of the research results is the development of IoT technologies for agrotechnical monitoring through the development of a computer-oriented model based on the ANFIS technique and the synthesis of structural and algorithmic provision for identifying and predicting the probability of occurrence of corn diseases during the full cycle of its cultivation.

5

Growth and Development of Sweet Corn Plants in the Agro-Ecological Conditions of the Western Region of Ukraine

Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Butenko Andrii, Masyk Ihor, Onychko Tetiana, Davydenko Gennadiy, Bondarieva Liudmyla, Hotvianska Anna, Horbunova Karine, Yevtushenko Yevhen, Mykola Vandyk

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 4

216--222

EN

The results of research on the influence of growing technology and its individual elements on the growth, development and photosynthetic activity of corn plants hybrid Moreland F1 under conditions of Western region of Ukraine are presented. The purpose of the research was to determine influence of cultivation technology elements on the formation and efficiency of assimilation apparatus of sweet corn plants. Research was conducted during 2019–2021 on sod–podzolic soil using field, calculation–weighting, and mathematical–statistical methods. Dynamics peculiarities of individual leaf surface area of the plant and agrocenosis of corn as a whole by the stages of crop development have been determined. Based on the results of statistical and correlation analyses, dependences between main indices of photosynthetic activity and corn yielding capacity, as well as those that change the most under influence of agrotechnology elements, were determined. Reaction of the crop on the change in intensity level of cultivation technology has been established, which is manifested through the functional response of individual photosynthetic plant system and the crop as a whole and is expressed in strengthening of their assimilation activity. Optimal limits of biometric indices of photosynthetic activity of sweet corn plants in crops when being reached, a productive grain yield is formed, have been presented.

6

Design and application of an ontology to identify crop areas and improve land use

Riaño Maddyzeth Ariza, Rodriguez Andres Ovidio Restrepo, Velandia Julio Barón, García Paulo Alonso Gaona, Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 3

1409--1426

EN

Agricultural development in Colombia has been characterized by being carried out in a local and traditional way, where important basic aspects are not always considered for the best performance of crops. These characteristics are presented in official government documentation distinguished by its heterogeneity. Ontologies in the domain of agriculture allow the organization and structuring of information to represent knowledge in such a way that the homogeneity of agricultural data dispersed in different types of documents such as manuals, weather reports, and official technical sheets is achieved. In accordance with the above, this work presents the development of an ontology in the agricultural domain to facilitate the identification of cultivation areas and improve land use, relating the basic concepts for an effective crop development according to the specifications and recommendations proposed in Colombian government documentation, using the Methontology methodology. This is achieved with the application of descriptive logic that, based on rules, generates inferences to identify the cultivation options and cultivable areas that present the highest performance. The interaction and use of the ontological model and inference rules are done through a web application made with Python and Flask. The precision of the model is evaluated using historical data of crops produced, making a comparison between the real data and the results obtained through the ontological model, obtaining as a result 80% reliability.

7

Map Based Information Support System on Land Use: Case of Horná Nitra, Slovakia

Pipíšková Petra, Muchová Zlatica, Dežerický Dávid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 3

162--173

EN

A significant problem of the current land management in Slovakia is the long-term separation of usage and property rights. More than 91% of agricultural land is leased and used by larger agricultural enterprises (9%). Current common agricultural policies of the EU have been the subject of criticism for a long time, as inappropriate settings force farmers to manage unsustainably with a negative impact on biodiversity. Substantial, reliable and beneficial mutual information sharing between those who do business on the land, who own the land and who use the surrounding landscape, either as a living space for housing or relaxation and recreation might help to mitigate some issues. In this paper, the authors present an implemented proposal for multi-layer map and analytical support for land and soil use assessment. The model area includes the land units managed by the Agricultural Cooperative of Horná Nitra. The approach includes the identification of undesirable combinations according to criteria (degree of protection, area, type of use, erosion risk, and ecological stability) on each land block. This concept enabled the visualization and quantification of risks in the area in question through an online GIS application with a web interface.

8

Water Supply of the Ukrainian Polesie Ecoregion Drained Areas in Modern Anthropogenic Climate Changes

Kuzmych Lyudmyla, Furmanets Oleh, Usatyi Serhii, Kozytskyi Oleh, Mozol Nazar, Kuzmych Anna, Polishchuk Vitalii, Voropai Halyna

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2022

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Vol. 69, nr 1

79--96

EN

The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of anthropogenic climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. Reclaimed lands are the main factor of sustainable agricultural production in Ukraine and guarantors of its stability. The area of drained lands in Ukraine is about 3.2 million hectares, including 2.3 million hectares drained with the help of closed drainage; in an area of 1.3 million hectares a two-way regulation of the soil water regime is carried out. An increase in air temperature and uneven distribution of precipitation, which has a torrential, local character in the warm period, do not allow for the effective accumulation of moisture. The recurrence of droughts in different justified climatic zones of Ukraine has increased by 20–40%, which prevents sustainable agricultural production in the zone of sufficient atmospheric moisture, in particular the Polesie Ecoregion. In this paper, the analysis of water consumption of reclaimed lands in the Polesie Ecoregion of Ukraine is carried out, on the examples of the drainage system “Maryanivka” and the calculation of the water supply for the corn and winter wheat.

9

Improving Water Supply Capacity of Drainage Systems at Humid Areas in the Changing Climate

Kuzmych Lyudmyla, Voropay Galyna, Moleshcha Nelya, Babitska Olena

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2021

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Vol. 68, nr 1

29--40

EN

The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. The paper presents the results of the research on improving the available water supply of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine in a changing climate. It was specified in the face of increasing water scarcity providing the optimal water regime regulation on drained lands is possible due to the increase in the available water supply of drainage systems. It can be achieved thanks to the accumulating capacity of reclaimed areas, namely usage of free soil capacity of the aeration zone and open canals, accumulation of water reserve volumes in storage tanks due to the accumulation of surface and drainage runoff. Taking into account the design features of different types of drainage systems, existing water management technologies, characteristics of water sources and their close proximity to the drainage systems, the technological schemes of water intake from rivers and reservoirs, and its supply to the drained areas for irrigation needs were developed. In a face of increasing water scarcity, it is also expedient to apply resource-saving technologies to control the available water supply for crops.

10

Electrosaving system of stable management of crop cultivation in highlands and lowlands

Veranyan G., Mkhoyan A., Tokmajyan V., Bayunts H.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2018

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Vol. 7 Nr 2

Bibliogr. 4 poz.

EN

Agriculture is one of the strategic spheres of the economy in highland and lowland regions, the main impact of its development by farmers is the management of stable regimes of cultivating crops. Nowadays in Armenia and Artsakh, agriculture develops mainly due to enlarging mostly agricultural crop lands. As a means of solving the main task, one method of calculating the parameters of irrigation regimes is suggested in the case of drip and sprinkle irrigation.

11

Szacunek emisji gazów cieplarnianych z uprawy kukurydzy na kiszonkę metodą LCA

Hryniewicz M., Grzybek A.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2016

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R. 24, nr 1

63--73

PL

W pracy oszacowano emisje gazów cieplarnianych w wybranej technologii uprawy kukurydzy na kiszonkę za pomocą metody LCA (ang. Life Cycle Assesment). Emisja skumulowana wyniosła 3,38 (t CO2eq)·ha-1. Ilość emisji odniesiona do plonu otrzymanego z hektara wyniosła 56,35 (kg CO2eq)·ha-1. W strukturze emisji największy udział miały emisje z operacji związanych z produkcją i przechowywaniem nawozów naturalnych – 37,68% (obornik – hodowla 6,99%, obornik – przechowywanie 14,28%, obornik – przechowywanie N2O 5,11%, gnojowica – hodowla 1,87%, gnojowica – przechowywanie 7,40%, gnojowica – przechowywanie N2O 2,03%), następnie emisje z gleby w grupie operacji związanych z uprawą – 30,32% (dla N całkowitego: z saletry amonowej – 4,67%, NPK – 0,97%, Polifoski – 0,71%, mocznika – 7,58%, gnojowicy 4,67%, obornika – 11,72%), emisje związane z paliwem do produkcji i uprawy kukurydzy na kiszonkę – 17,69% oraz emisje grupy operacji związanych z produkcją nawozów mineralnych – 14,24% (Polifoska – 0,46%, mocznik – 7,51%, NPK wieloskładnikowy – 0,69%, saletra amonowa – 4,44%, sól potasowa 1,14%).

EN

The study estimated greenhouse gas emissions in selected technology for maize for silage cultivation with LCA implementation. Cumulative emissions was 3.38 t CO2eq·ha-1. Emissions amount related to the yield obtained per hectare was 56.35 kg CO2eq·ha-1. The structure had the largest share of greenhouse emissions from operations related to the production and storage of natural fertilizers – 37.68% (manure – breeding 6.99%, manure storage – 14.28%, manure storage N2O 5.11%, slurry breeding 1.87%, slurry – storage 7.40%, slurry – storage N2O 2.03%), followed by emissions from soil in group operations related to the cultivation – 30.32% (for N total: ammonium sulphate – 4.67%, NPK – 0.97%, Polifoska – 0.71%, urea – 7.58%, slurry – 4.67%, manure – 11.72%), emissions associated with fuel production and crop – 17.69%, and emissions of operations related to the mineral fertilizers production – 14.24% (Polifoska – 0.46%, urea – 7.51%, NPK – 0.69%, ammonium sulphate – 4.44%, potassium salt – 1.14%).

12

Evaluation of biogas production and usage potential

Kalinichenko A., Havrysh V., Perebyynis V.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 3

387--400

EN

The aim of the research is the development of theoretical and methodical bases for determining the feasibility of plant raw materials growing for its further bioconversion into energy resources and technological materials to maximize profit from business activities. Monograph, statistics, modelling and abstract logical methods have been used during the research. Directions of biogas usage have been examined. Biogas yields from different crops have been analyzed. It has been determined that high methane yields can be provided from root crops, grain crops, and several green forage plants. So, forage beet and maize can provide more than 5,500 m3 of biogas per hectare. Attention is paid to the use of by-products of biogas plants, especially carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is an important commodity and can increase profitability of biogas plant operating. It can be used for different purposes (food industry, chemical industry, medicine, fumigation, etc). The most important parameters of the biogas upgrading technologies have been analyzed. If output of an upgrade module is more than 500 nm3/h, investment costs of different available technologies are almost equal. According to experts, it is economically feasible to use anaerobic digestion biogas systems to upgrade biomethane provided their performance is equivalent to 3,000 litres of diesel fuel per day. The economic and mathematical models have been suggested to determine the feasibility of growing plant materials to maximize the gross profit. The target function is the maximum gross income from biogas utilization. It has the following limitations: annual production of biogas, consumption of electricity, heat and motor fuels. The mathematical model takes into account both meeting own requirement and selling surplus energy resources and co-products including carbon dioxide. In case of diesel fuel substitution, an ignition dose of diesel fuels has been considered. The algorithm for making a decision on construction of a biogas plant has been offered.

13

Energy efficiency of hybrid rye cultivation in relation to the manner of soil cultivation

Majchrzak L., Piskier T.

Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 18, No. 3

85--91

EN

In a one-factor field experiment, carried out in 2011-2012 in Demo Farma in Drzęczewo near Gostyń in Wielkpolskie Voivodeship, the size and structure of energy inputs incurred for cultivation of hybrid rye and index of energy efficiency were compared. The size of energy accumulated was not varied by the compared systems of field cultivation, because it depended mainly on inputs of energy accumulated brought in the form of materials (approx. 85%). The use of no-tillage cultivation reduced energy inputs brought in the form of fuel by 2.4% and in the form of aggregates (by 34.5% in comparison to tillage cultivation). The compared systems of field cultivation diversified the size of hybrid rye seed crop by 4.7%, value of the energy efficiency index by 3.9% and the size of the accumulated energy inputs by 0.9%.

PL

W jednoczynnikowym doświadczeniu łanowym, prowadzonym w latach 2011-2012 w Demo Farmie w Drzęczewie koło Gostynia w województwie wielkopolskim porównywano wielkość i strukturę nakładów energetycznych poniesionych na uprawę żyta hybrydowego oraz wartość wskaźnika efektywności energetycznej. Wielkość nakładu energii skumulowanej nie była zróżnicowana przez porównywane systemy uprawy roli, zależała ona bowiem w głównej mierze od nakładów energii skumulowanej wniesionej w formie materiałów (około 85%). Zastosowanie uprawy bezorkowej zmniejszyło nakład energii wniesionej w formie paliwa o 2,4%, a w formie agregatów o 34,5% (w porównaniu do uprawy orkowej). Porównywane systemy uprawy roli różnicowały wielkość plonu ziarna żyta hybrydowego o 4,7%, wartość wskaźnika efektywności energetycznej o 3,9%, a wielkość skumulowanych nakładów energetycznych o 0,9%.

14

Plony i chemizm roślin wielowariantowego doświadczenia na modelowym złożu odpadów paleniskowych energetyki węglowej

Siuta J., Dyguś K. H.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2013

|

Nr 35

9--31

PL

Rekultywacyjną efektywność kompostów i osadu z oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych badano na złożu popiołu elektrociepłowni węglowej umieszczonym w pojemnikach cylindrycznych o średnich 80 i 100 cm wysokości [Siuta i in. 1996]. Jest to drugi etap doświadczenia. Etap pierwszy zrealizowano w latach 2005–2006. Glebotwórcze złoże użyźniono 4 różnymi kompostami i osadem ściekowym [Siuta, Wasiak, Madej 2008]. W tych samych lizymetrycznych pojemnikach badano plonotwórczą efektywność osadu ściekowego i kompostu (z odpadów komunalnych) na złożach: odpadu paleniskowego, wapna z flotacji rudy siarkowej i bezpróchnicznego piasku gliniastego lekkiego. We wszystkich wymienionych złożach był wariant bez organicznego użyźnienia [Siuta i in. 1996]. Wegetacyjna i plonotwórcza efektywność osadu ściekowego była ewidentnie duża, ale jej wielkość zależała od glebotwórczych właściwości złoży. Popiół z energetycznego spalania węgla wykazał znaczny plonotwórczy i glebotwórczy potencjał we wszystkich wariantach użyźnionych masą organiczną. Plonowanie roślin zwiększało się sukcesywnie w miarę postępu neutralizacji alkalicznego odczynu i koncentracji soli rozpuszczalnych. W opracowaniu omówiono też rekultywacyjną efektywność osadów ściekowych na rozległych złożach odpadów paleniskowych, wapna z flotacji rudy siarkowej oraz na składowisku odpadów posodowych o powierzchni 108 ha, gdzie plony bujnej roślinności są kompostowane.

EN

The reclamation efficiency of composts and sewage sludge on coal combustion waste deposits from a coal-fired power station put in cylindrical containers with the diameter of 80 cm and the height of 100 cm each has been examined. It was the second phase of the experiment, the first one took place between 2004 and 2006. Pedogenic deposits were fertilized with five different composts and sewage sludge. In the same lysimetric containers the crop-formation efficiency of sewage sludge and composts (from municipal waste) were examined on the following deposits: combustion waste, lime from the flotation of sulfur ore and humus-less light sandy loam. All the aforementioned deposits featured no variant of organic fertilizing. Sewage sludge produced a great vegetation and crop-formation efficiency, yet its growth depended on pedogenic features of the deposits. Coal combustion ash manifested a significant crop-formation and pedogenic potential in all variants fertilized with an organic matter. Yielding developed gradually along with the increase in neutralization of alkaline reaction and concentration of soluble salts. The study also presents the reclamation efficiency of sewage sludge on the following vast deposits: combustion waste, lime from the flotation of sulfur ore as well as on a 108 ha sodium waste dump where crops of voluptuous vegetation are composted.

15

Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) substratem do produkcji biogazu

Maj G., Piekarski W., Słowik T.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2013

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Nr 2

59--60

PL

Praca przedstawia charakterystykę uprawy i właściwości energetyczne topinamburu. Ponadto zaprezentowano możliwości pozyskiwania biogazu z zielonki słonecznika bulwiastego na tle innych roślin. Badania wskazują, że zawartość metanu w biogazie pozyskanym z tej rośliny energetycznej waha się w przedziale 57,3%-76%. Biogaz z topinamburu daje możliwość uzyskania 65-105 GJha1 energii. Uzyskana ilość biogazu z 1 ha uprawy topinamburu wynosi około 3000 - 5000 m3, co stawia tę roślinę, jako bardzo dobre źródło biogazu.

EN

The paper presents the characteristics of cropping and energetic properties of Jerusalem artichoke. Могеоѵег, shows the opportunity of gaining biogas from forages of sunroot which compared with other plants. Research indicates that content the methane in the biogas gained from this energetic plant ranges from 57.3% - 76%. The biogas obtained from sunchoke can give 65-105 GJha1 of energy. The amount of gained biogas from 1 hectare of crop Jerusalem artichoke is about 3000-5000 m3, what makes this plant as very good source of biogas.

16

Ocena systemów uprawy w aspekcie zużycia paliwa, plonowania roślin i właściwości gleby

Cudzik A., Białczyk W., Czarnecki J., Brennensthul M., Kaus A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2012

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R. 16, nr 2, t. 2

17-27

PL

Celem pracy była ocena systemów uprawy pszenicy ozimej pod kątem zużycia paliwa, wielkości plonu oraz właściwości gleby. Badania przeprowadzono w uprawie pszenicy ozimej realizowanej systemami tradycyjnym, bezorkowym oraz w warunkach siewu bezpośredniego. Analizowano zabiegi wykonywane w ramach uprawy odmiennymi technologiami. Pomiar zużycia paliwa odbywał się z wykorzystaniem Systemu Zarządzania Flotą Fleet Management. Wilgotność i zwięzłość gleby mierzono Penetrologgerem, a zawartość CO2 w glebie ręcznym miernikiem wyposażonym w specjalną sondę. Badania wykazały, że stosowanie uproszczeń uprawowych skutkuje znacznym ograniczeniem zużycia paliwa i niestety przyczynia się do zmniejszenia plonu ziarna. Stwierdzono zróżnicowanie pomiędzy uprawami w wartościach analizowanych właściwości gleby, przy czym największe rozbieżności wystąpiły po jesiennych zabiegach uprawowych. Po zimie oraz w dalszym okresie wegetacji różnice te uległy znacznemu zmniejszeniu.

EN

The purpose of the work was to estimate systems for winter wheat cultivation in relation to fuel consumption, crop seize and soil properties. Research was carried out for winter wheat crop carried out with traditional non-plough systems in direct sieving conditions. Operations carried out for cultivation performed with different technologies were analysed. Measurement of fuel consumption was carried out with the use of Fleet Management System. Humidity and compactness of soil was measured by Penetrologger and CO2 content in soil with the use of a hand measure equipped with a special sonde. The research proved that using cultivation simplifications results in a considerable limitation of fuel consumption and unfortunately results in the decrease of seed crop. Differences between cultivations in the analysed values of soil properties were reported, whereas the biggest discrepancies occurred after autumn cultivating operations. After winter and during a further vegetation period, these differences decreased significantly.

17

Plonowanie wybranych odmian pszenicy jarej w uprawie ekologicznej i integrowanej

Kuś J., Jończyk K., Stalenga J., Feledyn-Szewczyk B., Mróz A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 56, nr 4

18-23

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 2008-2010 wykorzystując doświadczenie założone w 1994 r. w Stacji doświadczalnej IUNGPIB w Osinach (woj. lubelskie), w którym porównuje się różne systemy gospodarowania. Celem badań było porównanie plonowania kilku odmian pszenicy jarej w ekologicznym i integrowanym systemie produkcji oraz określenie przyczyn zróżnicowania ich plonów w obu systemach. Zakres badań obejmował: plon ziarna i komponenty plonowania, analizę zachwaszczenia łanu oraz ocenę porażenia podstawy źdźbła i liści pszenicy jarej przez patogeny grzybowe. W systemie ekologicznym, średnio za 3 lata dla czterech odmian, uzyskano o 34% mniejszy plon ziarna niż w uprawie integrowanej, a różnica ta w latach wahała się w granicach od 33 do 36%. W przypadku poszczególnych odmian różnica ta wahała się od 32% (Tybalt i Vinjett) do 38% (Parabola). Mniejszy plon ziarna w systemie ekologicznym był spowodowany mniejszą obsadą kłosów o około 16% oraz obniżoną w podobnym stopniu masą 1000 ziaren. Spośród 9 porównywanych odmian pszenicy jarej uprawianych w systemie ekologicznym wyższym poziomem plonowania wyróżniały się odmiany Tybalt, Żura, Zadra i Vinjett, zaś mniejszym odmiany Bryza, Nawra i Parabola. Stosowanie wsiewki koniczyny z trawami skutecznie ograniczało zachwaszczenie łanu pszenicy jarej, gdyż sucha masa chwastów w fazie dojrzałości woskowej wynosiła średnio tylko 36 g/m2. Nasilenie chorób pszenicy w uprawie ekologicznej było małe, gdyż dobry płodozmian ograniczał rozwój patogenów podstawy źdźbła, a wysokie temperatury i małe opady w czerwcu i lipcu nie sprzyjały rozwojowi chorób liści. Większą podatnością na obie grupy patogenów wyróżniała się odmiana Parabola, zaś mniejszą Tybalt.

EN

The study was conducted in the years 2008-2010 based on the experiment started in 1994 at the Experimental Station of IUNG-PIB in Osiny (Lublin voivodeship), where different crop production systems were compared. The aim of the research was to compare the yields of several cultivars of spring wheat grown in organic and integrated system and to identify the causes of diversification of the yield in both systems. The scope of the research included: grain yield and characteristics of its structure, analysis of weeds and evaluation of leaves and root infestation of spring wheat by fungal pathogens. In organic system, on average for three years for the four varieties, 34% less grain yield was obtained than in integrated system, the difference in the years ranged from 33-36%. The difference for cultivars ranged from 32% (Tybalt and Vinjett) to 38% (Parabola). Smaller grain yield in the organic system was due to lower number of ears (about 16%) and decreased the 1000 grains weight. Among nine compared varieties of spring wheat cultivated in ecological system higher level of yielding distinguished varieties: Tybalt, Zura, Zadra and Vinjett, while the smaller: Bryza, Nawra and Parabola. Undersown clover with grasses effectively limited the weed infestation of spring wheat as dry weight of weeds in dough stage was on average only 36 g/m2. The infestation of spring wheat by diseases in organic system was small because of good crop rotation which limited the development of root pathogens. Moreover the high temperatures and low rainfall in June and July were not conducive to the development of diseases of leaves. Greater susceptibility to pathogens of both groups characterized Parabola variety, while a smaller - Tybalt.

18

Ocena plonów buraków cukrowych w aspekcie stosowanej technologii produkcji i lokalizacji gospodarstw

Bzowska-Bakalarz M., Ostroga K.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2011

|

R. 15, nr 4

23-31

PL

Trzyletnie badania wyników produkcyjnych gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji buraka potwierdziły zasadność produkcji buraków cukrowych na Lubelszczyźnie (zwłaszcza w rejonie wschodnim) zarówno z przyczyn korzystnych warunków meteorologicznych i glebowych, jak i wysokich plonów przekraczających średnią krajową. Nie udowodniono statystycznie wpływu wielkości plantacji na wartości uzyskanych plonów. W ramach poszczególnych technologii uprawy (rozpatrując ten sam rejon) występują znaczne wahania wielkości uzyskiwanych plonów. Najwyższy plon uzyskano przy zastosowaniu technologii uproszczonej.

EN

Three-year studies on the production results achieved by farms specialised in sugar beet production have confirmed that sugar beet production in the Lubelszczyzna region (especially in its eastern part) is well-grounded, both due to favourable weather and soil conditions and high crops that exceed the national average. The researchers have not found any statistical proof for the impact of the plantation size on obtained crop values. There are high fluctuations in the obtained crop size for individual cultivation technologies (considering the same region). The highest crop has been obtained using simplified technology.

19

Analiza termiczna w badaniach materiałów biologicznych

Szechyńska-Hebda M., Hebda M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2011

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R. 108, z. 2-Ś

227-234

PL

Metody analizy termicznej (TG/DTA/DSC) zintegrowane ze spektometrią masową (MS) są użytecznym narzędziem dla badań fizycznych i chemicznych właściwości materiału, analizy procesu jego termicznej degradacji oraz kontroli gazowych produktów rozkładu. Metody TG/DTA/DSC/MS mogą być stosowane w optymalizacji procesów technologicznych materiałów pochodzenia biologicznego, np. procesu pyrolizy oraz do selekcji odmian roślin uprawnych odpornych na niekorzystne warunki środowiska.

EN

Thermal analysis methods (TG/DTA/DSC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) are a useful tool to study the physical and chemical properties of material, to analyze its thermal degradation and to control the gaseous products of degradation process. TG/DTA/DSC/MS methods can be applied to optimize technological processes of biological materials e.g. wood pyrolysis events, and to selection of crop plants resistant to unfavourable environmental conditions.

20

Ocena skuteczności sproszkowanych ziół do zaprawiania nasion zbóż

Rochalska M., Orzeszko-Rywka A., Tracz M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 55, nr 4

67-72

PL

Celem przedstawionych badań była ocena skuteczności dopuszczonych do stosowania w gospodarstwach ekologicznych ziół: czosnku, krwawnika, rumianku i wrotyczu do zaprawiania nasion zbóż jarych: jęczmienia, owsa i pszenicy. Skuteczność badanych zapraw ziołowych porównywano z zaprawą chemiczną Funaben T. Badane gatunki a nawet odmiany zbóż odmiennie reagowały na zaprawy nasienne. Najbardziej skuteczne były w stosunku do owsa, najmniej skuteczne w stosunku do pszenicy. Najkorzystniej na większość badanych cech wpływały krwawnik i wrotycz, natomiast na masę tysiąca ziarniaków rumianek.

EN

The object of an experiment was to assess the efficiency of herbs such as: garlic, yarrow, chamomile and tansy, permitted to use in ecological farms, for dressing of spring cereal seeds: barley, oat and wheat. Efficiency of examined herbal mordants were compared with chemical mordant Funaben T. Mentioned species and even cultivars of cereals showed different reaction to seed treatment. Herbal mordants were the most effective for oat, the least effective for wheat. Yarrow and tansy were the most profitable, for the most part of examined features, but for the mass of thousand kernels - chamomile.