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1

Phosphate Conversion Coating - A Short Review

Burduhos-Nergis Diana Petronela, Sandu Andrei Victor, Burduhos-Nergis Dumitru Doru, Vizureanu Petrica, Bejinariu Costica

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 3

1029--1034

EN

Phosphating is the process of depositing, by conversion, a layer of insoluble phosphate compounds, on the metal’s surface. Although phosphate coatings have been studied since the early nineteenth century, they are not only still being studied, but are an area of interest due to their many applications. The advantages of these types of coatings are well known, such as the low cost of the deposition process, the improvement of corrosion resistance properties, and the improvement of wear resistance and adhesion of further deposited layers such as paint. All this, leads to studies on the constant improvement of the properties of the phosphate coating, by modifying the parameters of the phosphating process, as well as by modifying/replacing the substances used in the phosphating solutions with “environmentally friendly” solutions. Also due to these advantages, several researchers are studying the possibility of using phosphate coatings in fields such as civil engineering or medicine (biomaterials coatings). This paper aims to present some essential aspects of phosphating and to bring to the fore the latest research on “eco-friendly” phosphating solutions and the possibility of using the phosphating process in other fields, such as the medical field. Also, the paper aims to discuss the possibility of eliminating/reducing the harmful effect that the use of phosphating has on the environment.

2

Structure-property relationships and corrosion behavior of laser‑welded X‑70/UNS S32750 dissimilar joint

Maurya Anup Kumar, Pandey Shailesh M., Chhibber Rahul, Pandey Chandan

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 2

art. no. e81, 2023

EN

This research aims to study the microstructure characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of the dissimilar autogenous laser beam welded joint of pipeline steel (X-70) and super duplex stainless steel (sDSS 2507). Pipelines for the transmission of oil and gas and risers for offshore oil and gas drilling require this dissimilar joint. A dissimilar joint must maintain its properties and be defect-free under such challenging operating conditions. The microstructure of the interface, weld zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were all investigated thoroughly using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). This dissimilar joint had signifcant microstructure anomalies in the weld and interfaces. Microstructure inhomogeneity’s effect on welded joint mechanical properties, including microhardness, tensile and impact strength, was also studied. The linear potentiodynamic polarisation test in neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was used to study this weldment’s corrosion behavior. The corroded surfaces were examined using an OM and SEM for the surface morphology investigation of corroded specimens. The macro-optical investigation has revealed full penetrations in the weld without any inclusions or porosities. The interface between the sDSS 2507 weld zone and the X-70 coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) indicated a peak hardness of 418 Hv0.5. With an average of 345 Hv0.5, the WZ’s hardness variation was reported to be in the 298-420 Hv0.5 range. The hardness of the X-70/sDSS 2507 weld interface was assessed to be greater than that of the other region of weldments. An untempered martensitic region in WM and the CGHAZ of X-70, and the presence of M-A components are credited with the increase in hardness. The welded joint achieved reasonably excellent strength and ductility and met the marine and offshore standards requirements. The base metals and weldment for X-70 and sDSS 2507 have respective ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of 610±6 MPa, 995±8 MPa, and 675±10 MPa. The tensile findings revealed that the fracture location for weldment was evident in the X-70 base metal, ensuring that the weld metal was of adequate strength for the laser-weld joints. It was observed that the weldment’s WM had the lowest impact strength. The Charpy impact toughness of the weld metal, however, was higher than both the ASME standard (>41 J) and the EN 1599:1997 standards (>47 J). The sDSS 2507 BM (310±4 J) clearly outperforms the weld zones (185±3 J) and X-70 base metal (295±2 J) in terms of impact strength. The electrochemical corrosion test shows the corrosion potential, and the weld zone's corrosion rate is between sDSS 25,070 (- 260±1.3 mV, 0187±0.002 mm/year) and X-70 base metal (- 454±1.8 mV, 0.321±0.017 mm/year). Additionally, the surface morphologies and the electrochemical measurements matched significantly.

3

Effect of Tin Addition on the Degradability and Corrosion Properties of a New Zn-1.0 wt.% Mg Alloy

Long Zhouling, Lang Haiyang, Ou Jun

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 4

1209--1216

EN

In this study, to investigate effects of tin addition on the microstructures and corrosion properties, Zn-1Mg-xSn (x = 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 wt.%) ternary zinc alloys were prepared. The experimental results indicated that the Zn-1Mg-2.0 wt.% Sn alloy has the better mechanical properties compared with pure zinc and Zn-1Mg alloy. The tensile strength of the alloy material is 173.2±3.7 MPa, the yield strength is 120.7±2.4 MPa, the elongation is 5.64±0.08% and the hardness is 76.9±0.8 HV. The average degradation rate of the alloys immersion in SBF solution for 60 days is 0.16±0.03 mm/year, and the Zn-1Mg-2.0 wt.% Sn alloy hemolysis rate is only 0.81±0.02%. It is confirmed that the addition of tin is effective to improve the mechanical properties and degradation of Zn-1Mg alloy. It may be a candidate of the clinical application requirements of the degradable implant materials in orthopedics.

4

Investigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Al 7075/Garnet Metal Matrix Composites by Two-stage Stir Casting Process

Sambathkumar Mani, Navaneethakrishnan P., Sasikumar K. S. K., Gukendran Rangasamy, Ponappa K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

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Vol. 66, iss. 4

1123--1129

EN

The impact of Garnet addition into the AL7075 aluminium matrix on the physical, mechanical and corrosion properties are studied in this research paper. Al 7075/garnet composites are fabricated by using two-stage stir casting method in different (0, 5, 10, 15) volume percentages. Photomicrograph of prepared samples revealed the uniform distribution of garnet reinforcement into the base matrix. The corrosion rate is calculated by potentiodynamic polarization method. The actual density is increased by around 1.2% for al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite as compared to base alloy. Micro hardness of al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite is raised by around 47 (34%) compare to as cast base matrix. Al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite tensile strength stood at 252 Mpa, which is 40% greater than the base alloy. Al 7075 / 15% garnet composites reduce around 97% of corrosion rate than the base matrix. Alloy elements influenced the corrosion than Garnet reinforcement.

5

Corrosion Behaviour Correlation of the Secondary Aluminium Casts in Natural Atmosphere and Laboratory Conditions

Kuchariková L., Liptáková T., Tillová E., Bonek M., Medvecká D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 4

1455--1462

EN

The secondary aluminium alloys are very important material in actual industry from economic and ecological point of view. The secondary aluminium used for production of casts, however, contains some elements, i.e. iron, – affecting physical, chemical and mechanical behaviour. The subject of our investigation has been corrosion behaviour in natural atmosphere of the hypoeutectic AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys with various content of iron, because the Fe content affects not only mechanical properties but corrosion resistance, as well. Three types of the AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys were exposed for 9 months in natural atmosphere and the measure of their degradation by corrosion was found by determination of the weight loss and the light microscopy. In addition, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and evaluation of surface changes were used. The corrosion behaviour in natural atmosphere was compared to results of the carried out electrochemical and exposure laboratory experiments in chloride solutions.

6

Corrosion properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-(Cu, Au) metallic glasses in artificial physiological fluid

Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna, Nowosielski Ryszard, Babilas Rafał

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 3

716--723

EN

The Mg-Zn-Ca-(Cu,Au) alloys were considered as resorbable materials for orthopedic short- term implants. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of Au and Cu addition on corrosion properties of Mg69Zn25Ca5Au1, Mg69Zn25Ca5Au0.5Cu0.5 and Mg69Zn25Ca5Cu1 metallic glasses. The analysis of corrosion results allowed to describe the influence of 0.5 and 1 at.% of Au and Cu on the corrosion resistance in artificial physiological fluid. The Mg69Zn25Ca5Au0.5Cu0.5 and Mg69Zn25Ca5Cu1 metallic glasses exhibit lower corrosion resis-tance in comparison with Mg69Zn25Ca5Au1 alloy. The increase of Cu content caused the increase of hydrogen evolution volume and the high cathodic activity. The Mg69Zn25Ca5Au1 metallic glass shows the decrease of hydrogen evolution volume and manifests the low corrosion current density and the high polarization resistance, indicating the high corrosion resistance.

7

Wpływ dodatku polimerowych cieczy jonowych na właściwości korozyjne akumulatora kwasowo-ołowiowego

Lota G., Baraniak M., Gabryelczyk A., Kopczyński K., Łęgosz B., Pernak J., Jankowska E., Majchrzycki W., Rzeszutek W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 6

1208--1211

PL

Przedstawiono analizę wpływu dodatku cieczy jonowej do elektrolitu akumulatora kwasowo- ołowiowego na właściwości korozyjne kolektora prądowego wykonanego ze stopu PbCaSn. Wykorzystano wodorosiarczanową( VI) polimerową ciecz jonową oraz ciecze zawierające aniony diwodoroboranowe i diwodorofosforanowe( V). Wykazano pozytywny wpływ wybranych związków na potencjały wydzielania tlenu oraz wodoru, co wskazuje na zwiększoną stabilność elektrochemiczną badanych układów. Ciecze jonowe wpłynęłypozytywnie również na właściwości korozyjne badanych układów, powodując zmniejszenie prądów korozji oraz przesunięcie potencjałów korozji w stronę wartości bardziej dodatnich. Szczególnie widoczne było to dla cieczy zawierającej w swojej strukturze aniony diwodoroboranowe. Związek ten spowodował powstanie warstewki na powierzchni elektrody, która w znacznym stopniu zahamowała proces korozji badanego stopu ołowiu.

EN

A poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine) bisulfate ionic liq. and 2 its modifications with dihydroborate and dihydrophosphate anions were added to the Pb-acid battery electrolyte to study their effect on H2 and O2 evolution potentials and corrosion current and potential. The ionic liq. with bisulfate and dihydroborate anions significantly reduced corrosion current and increased the corrosion potential after 5 h. A passive layer was formed on the working electrode and stopped the corrosion.

8

Wpływ napięcia utleniającego w procesie PEO na budowę i właściwości warstwy tlenkowej uzyskanej na azotowanym tytanie Grade 2

Brojanowska A., Kowalczyk K., Gąglewska N., Sobiecki J. R.

Inżynieria Powierzchni

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2016

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nr 2

42--47

PL

Dyfuzyjne warstwy azotowane typu TiN + Ti2N + αTi(N) wytworzone na tytanie w procesie azotowania jarzeniowego zwiększają jego odporność na korozję. Utlenianie elektrochemiczne azotku tytanu w elektrolitach zawierających wapń i fosfor pozwala na otrzymanie powierzchniowej warstwy TiO2 wzbogaconej w wapń i fosfor. Warstwa ta jest materiałem biozgodnym i bioaktywnym, pozwalającym na dobre połączenie implantu z kością. W artykule opisano nową technologię hybrydową. Jest to połączenie azotowania jarzeniowego i utleniania elektrochemicznego w kwasie fosforowym (V) z dodatkiem diwodorofosforanu wapnia. Warstwy azotku tytanu typu TiN + Ti2N + αTi(N) wytworzono na powierzchni stopu tytanu Grade 2 w warunkach wyładowania jarzeniowego. Procesy utleniania elektrochemicznego przeprowadzono przy użyciu dwóch wartości napięcia utleniającego: 40 i 100 V w 1% kwasie fosforowym (V) zawierającym jony wapnia Ca2+. Zbadano wpływ napięcia zastosowanego w czasie obróbki na morfologię powierzchni, właściwości korozyjne oraz grubość wytworzonych warstw.

EN

The diffusion nitrided layers of the TiN + Ti2N + αTi(N) type formed on titanium during the glow discharge nitriding process increase its resistance to corrosion. Electrochemical oxidation of titanium nitride in electrolytes containing calcium and phosphorus allows obtaining a TiO2 surface layer enriched in calcium and phosphorus. This layer is a biocompatible and bioactive material which enables a good connection of an implant with a bone. In this paper a new hybrid technology is described. It is a combination of glow discharge nitriding and electrochemical oxidation in phosphoric acid (V) with the addition of calcium dihydrogen-phosphate. The titanium nitride layers of the TiN + Ti2N + αTi(N) type were formed on the surface of titanium alloy Grade 2 under glow discharge conditions. The processes of electrochemical oxidation were carried out with the use of two values of the oxidizing voltage: 40 V and 100 V in 1% phosphoric acid (V) containing calcium ions Ca2+. The influence of the voltage applied during the processing on the surface morphology, corrosion properties and the thickness of the formed layers were examined.

9

The Development of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium – Copper Ribbons

Pastuszak M., Cieślak G., Dobkowska A., Mizera J., Kurzydłowski K. J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2B

1083--1088

EN

The aim of the present work was to plan and carry out an experiment consisting of amorphization of industrial magnesium alloy WE 43 (Mg - 4 Y - 3 RE - 0.5 Zr) modified by the copper addition. Investigated alloy modified with 20% of copper was rapidly quenched with the use of melt spinning technique. The effects of cooling rate on the structure and properties of the obtained material were extensively analyzed. The structure and phase analysis of samples were examined using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) while the thermal stability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructure observations were also conducted. The microhardness tests (HV0.02) and corrosion resistance tests were carried out to investigate the properties of the material. Corrosion resistance measurements were held using a typical three-electrode system. As the result of the research, the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of investigated alloy was determined.

10

Corrosion of Biocompatible Mg66+xZn30-xCa4 (x=0.2) Bulk Metallic Glasses

Nowosielski R., Cesarz-Andraczke K., Sakiewicz P., Maciej A., Jakóbik-Kolon A., Babilas R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2A

807--810

EN

The aim of this paper was to investigate the corrosion resistance of Mg66Zn30Ca4 and Mg68Zn28Ca4 metallic glasses and evaluate the ability of this amorphous alloy use for medical applications as biodegradable medical implants. Taking into account the amount of Mg, Zn, Ca elements dissolved in multielectrolyte physiological fluid (MPF) from Mg66+xZn30-xCa4 (x=0.2) alloys the daily dose of evolved ions from alloys components was determined. Additional goal of the paper was determination of corrosion rate (Vcorr) and amount of hydrogen evolved from amorphous magnesium alloys in simulated environment of human body fluids during 24h immersion and during electrochemical tests. Corrosion studies were done in the multielectrolyte physiological fluid (MPF) at 37°C. The amount of hydrogen evolved [ml/cm2] and corrosion rate Vcorr [mm/year] of amorphous Mg66Zn30Ca4 and Mg68Zn28Ca4 alloys were compared. The work also presents characterization of Mg-based bulk metallic glasses structure in the form of 2 mm thickness plates. Samples structure was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction. Fracture and surface morphology of magnesium alloy samples were identified using scanning electron microscopy.

11

Eksploatacja emulsyjnych cieczy chłodząco-smarujących w obróbce ściernej

Karaś J., Bochnia J., Stępień A.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2015

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nr 1

26--29

PL

W pracy omówiono zagadnienia związane z eksploatacją cieczy chtodząco-smarujących stosowanych w obróbce ściernej. Przedstawiono metody chłodzenia oraz wyniki eksperymentalnych badań emulsji stosowanej bezpośrednio w obrabiarce. Badania przeprowadzono pod kątem wpływu rozwoju bakterii na degradację cieczy chłodząco-smarującej. Wykazano, że mikroorganizmy mogą w istotny sposób pogarszać właściwości przeciwzużyciowe i antykorozyjne stosowanych emulsji chłodząco-smarujących.

EN

This paper deals with problems associated with exploitation of metalworking fluids used in the abrasive machining. The cooling methods were described with presentation of the results obtained during exploitation in the machine. The effect of microbial growth and its influence on guality of coolant was examined. After research it was found that microorganisms deteriorate antiwear and anticorrosion properties of used metalworking fluids.

12

Porównanie właściwości korozyjnych staliwa stopowego ze staliwem posiadającym warstwę azotowaną

Budzynowski T., Mazurkiewicz A., Ropelewski Z.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

2655--2660, CD2

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości korozyjnych staliwa stopowego z warstwą azotowaną i bez niej. Właściwości korozyjne określono z wykorzystaniem badań potencjostatycznych, ustalając stan pasywny przy pomocy potencjostatycznej krzywej polaryzacji.

EN

In the paper were introduced the dates of testing the corrosion properties the alloy cast steels with and without nitriding case. The corrosion properties were defined with potentiostatic test, specifiting passive state with potentiostatic polarization curve.

13

Właściwości strefy spływu w złączu zgrzewanym metodą FSW stopu AW-7020

Dudzik K., Charchalis A.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

3304--3311

PL

W artykule przedstawiono właściwości mechaniczne i korozyjne strefy spływu złącza zgrzewanego metodą FSW. Do badań wykorzystano złącze zgrzewane stopu AW-7020. Badania przeprowadzono stosując następujące metody: - Badania właściwości mechanicznych przy wykorzystaniu statycznej próby rozciągania zgodnie z wymaganiami Norm PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 i PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. - Próbę twardości na przekroju poprzecznym przeprowadzono metodą Vickers’a HV5 zgodnie z wymaganiami Normy PN-EN ISO 6507-1:2006. - Badania metalograficzne wykonano przy wykorzystaniu mikroskopu ZEISS Axiovert 25. - Badania odporności na korozję elektrochemiczną przeprowadzano stosując metodę elektrochemicznej spektroskopii impedancyjnej (EIS) w 3,5 % wodnym roztworze NaCl. Podczas badań zarejestrowano większe właściwości wytrzymałościowe dla złącza zgrzewanego w porównaniu do materiału rodzimego – wszystkie próbki pękały w materiale rodzimym. Próba twardości wykazała, że strefa spływu charakteryzuje się większą twardością niż zgrzeina. Większą odporność na korozję elektrochemiczną zarejestrowano dla próbki z materiału rodzimego i strefy spływu w porównaniu do spoiny zgrzewanej metodą FSW stopu AW-7020.

EN

The results of mechanical and corrosion properties research of chosen part of joint bonded by Friction Stir Welding - retreating side of the weld, were presented. AW-7020 aluminium alloy was used for research. Research included the following methods: - Mechanical properties was carried out using static tensile test in accordance with PN-EN ISO 4136:2011 and PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2010. - Hardness testing in the cross-sections of joints was carried out using Vickers HV5 method in accordance with PN-EN ISO 6507-1:2006. - Microscopic examination was performed by optical microscope ZEISS Axiovert 25. - The corrosion resistance research were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method in 3.5% water solution NaCl. During the study obtained higher strength properties for the FSW joint compared to the native material – all samples cracked in the native material. The hardness test shown that the retreating side of the weld has higher hardness than the weld. Better resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found for the native material and retreating side of the weld then joint welded by FSW of 7020 aluminium alloy.

14

Nanokrystaliczne powłoki wielowarstwowe Cu/Ni wytwarzane metodą elektrokrystalizacji

Trzaska M., Cieślak G.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2013

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Vol. 34, nr 5

559--562

PL

Badania przedstawione w pracy dotyczą nanokompozytowych powłok wielowarstwowych Ni/Cu oraz, w celach porównawczych, także nanokrystalicznych warstw Ni oraz Cu. Warstwy wytworzono metodą elektrokrystalizacji w wyniku reakcji redoks wymuszonej prądem elektrycznym. Do wytwarzania warstw stosowano wieloskładnikowe roztwory elektrolitów z dodatkami inhibitorów szybkości wzrostu krystalitów. Warstwy osadzano na stali węglowej S235JR metodami elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej i transmisyjnej oraz dyfrakcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego scharakteryzowano strukturę materiału wytworzonych warstw. Przedstawiono topograﬁę i morfologię powierzchni wytworzonych warstw oraz ich budowę na przekroju poprzecznym. Mikrotwardość materiału wytworzonych warstw określono sposobem Vickersa. Badania tribologiczne odpomości na zużycie ścierne zrealizowano w ślizgowych skojarzeniach trących w środowisku oleju, za pomocą maszyny typu Amsler-A135. Odporność na zużycie oceniono na podstawie pomiarów głębokości wytarcia oraz współczynnika tarcia. Zrealizowane badania wykazały, że materiał nanokrystalicznych warstw kompozytowych Ni/Cu, podobnie jak warstw Ni oraz Cu, wytworzonych metodą elektrokrystalizacji charakteryzuje się zwartą budową, dobrą adhezją i równomiemą grubością na całej pokrywanej powierzchni. W budowie materiału badanych warstw nie obserwuje się jakichkolwiek nieciągłości i porów, co zapewnia ich dobrą ochronę przed korozją dla materiału podłoża. Nanokrystaliczne warstwy kompozytowe Ni/Cu wykazują korzystne właściwości tribologiczne. Ustalając odpowiednie parametry procesu elektrokrystalizacji wytwarzania takich warstw na powierzchni wyrobów, można efektywnie projektować powłoki ochronne, które poprawiają ich właściwości eksploatacyjne, a zwłaszcza w środowiskach agresywnych lub przy dużych obciążeniach.

EN

The research presented in the article concerns of Ni/Cu multilayer nanocomposite coatings and, for comparison, the layers of nanocrystalline Ni and Cu. The layers were produced by the electrochemical deposition method. The multilayers were manufactured in electrolyte solutions with additives of crystallite growth rate inhibitors. The layers were deposited on carbon steel S235JR substrate. The structure of the multilayer material was characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The topography and surface morphology of the layers and their structure are reported to cross-sections. Microhardness of the material of the layers was determined by Vickers method. Tribological tests for abrasion resistance were carried out in the sliding friction associations in oil using the Amsler type machine A135. The wear resistance was assessed on the basis of measurements of the depth of abrasion and friction factor. Accomplished studies have shown that the Ni/Cu, Ni and Cu nanocrystalline composites produced by electrocrystallization process have a compact structure, good adhesion and uniform thickness over the entire coated surface. In the structure of investigated layers material have not been observed any discontinuities or pores, thus the produced layers exhibited good corrosion protection for the substrate material. Nanocrystalline composite of Ni/Cu layers exhibit favorable tribological properties. In determining the appropriate electrocrystallization process parameters producing such layers on the surface of products can be efﬁciently designed as protective coatings that improve their performances and especially in aggressive environments or at high loads.

15

Zachowanie korozyjne stopów kobaltu w roztworze sztucznej śliny

Loch J., Krawiec H.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2013

|

Vol. 13, iss. 3 spec.

101--106

PL

Stopy kobaltu są materiałami wykorzystywanymi w medycynie oraz stomatologii ze względu na swoje idealne połączenie dobrych właściwości wytrzymałościowych, korozyjnych oraz biokompatybilność. Obecnie stopy kobaltu są jednymi z najbardziej atrakcyjnych materiałów metalowych, używanych do wyrobu implantów w tym: sztucznych stawów biodrowych, kolanowych, dysków miedzykręgowych, śrub zabezpieczających złamania. W stomatologii wykonuje się z nich wszelkiego rodzaju wkręty, stanowiące podstawę do przytwierdzania zębowych protez ceramicznych. Ze względu na powszechne wykorzystanie stopów kobaltu w stomatologii, w pracy podjęto badania elektrochemiczne wybranych stopów kobaltu: Co-Cr-Mo i Co-Cr-W, których celem było określenie właściwości korozyjnych podczas ekspozycji w fizjologicznym roztworze sztucznej śliny, w temperaturze 37 °C, pH = 8,3 i swobodnym dostępie tlenu.

EN

Cobalt alloys are used in medicine and dentistry due to perfect combination of their high strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Currently, cobalt alloys are among the most attractive metallic materials used to manufacture such implants as artificial hip joints, knee joints, intervertebral discs, screws securing the fracture. All kinds of screws used in dentistry for basic fixing of ceramic dental prostheses are made from cobalt alloys. Widespread use of cobalt alloys in dentistry is the reason for electrochemical research on selected cobalt alloys (Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-W). The aim of the research was to determine the corrosion when the alloy is exposed to physiological artificial saliva solution at the temperature of 37 °C, pH = 8.3 and in aerated solution.

16

The analysis of finishing tooling influence on corrosion properties researched by potentiodynamic method

Labuda W., Charchalis A.

Journal of KONES

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2012

|

Vol. 19, No. 2

283-288

EN

Angular momentum pumps are very often applied onboard ships. These pumps are used in cooling circuits of medium and high power engines, power plant boilers and in bilge, ballast and fire installations. Very extensive use of angular momentum pumps on board is connected with their numerous advantages. During operation the wear of marine hull, the rotor and shaft seals take place. The research attempts to increase the service life of shafts. The article presents the research results referring to the analysis of the influence.. of finish treatment (lathing, grinding and burnishing) on the corrosion properties of steel applied to marine pump shafts. The research was performed on a roller of 40 mm in diameter made of X5CrNi 18-10 (AISI 304 L) stainless steel. The lathing process was carried out by means of a WNMG WF 080408 Sandvik Coromant cutting tool with replaceable inserts. The grinding process was performed by grinding attachment for lathes. The 1 - 80x10x32 - 99C 80-N V grinding wheel was used for the process. The process of burnishing was done by SRMD burnisher by Yamato. In addition, the influence of the burnisher passes number on the corrosion properties was determined. The paper will present the results of potentiodynamic research. To conduct the survey the Atlas 0531 EU and IA potentiostat will be used. Determination of parameters of the corrosion process will be executed on Elfit2 computer program.

17

The analysis of finishing tooling influence on corrosion properties researched by EIS

Labuda W., Charchalis A.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 1

237-244

EN

Angular momentum pumps are very often applied onboard ships. These pumps are used in cooling circuits of medium and high power engines, power plant boilers and in bilge, ballast and fire installations. Very extensive use of angular momentum pumps on board is connected with their numerous advantages. During operation the wear of marine hull, the rotor and shaft seals take place. The research attempts to increase the service life of shafts. The article presents the research results referring to the analysis of the influence of finish treatment (lathing, grinding and burnishing) on the corrosion properties of steel applied to marine pump shafts. The research was performed on a roller of 40 mm in diameter made of X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304 L) stainless steel. The lathing process was carried out by means of a WNMG WF 080408 Sandvik Coromant cutting tool with replaceable inserts. The grinding process was performed by grinding attachment for lathes. The 1 - 80x10x32 - 99C 80-N V grinding wheel was used for the process. The process of burnishing was done by SRMD burnisher by Yamato. In addition, the influence of the burnisher passes number on the corrosion properties was determined. The paper will present the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy research. To conduct the survey the Atlas 0531 EU and IA potentiostat was used. Determination of the corrosion process parameters was performed computer programs: AtlasLab 2.0 and EIS Spectrum Analyzer.

18

The analysis of the influence of the burnishing process on corrosion properties of steel applied to sea water pump shafts

Labuda W., Starosta R., Charchalis A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 4

221-228

EN

Angular momentum pumps are very often applied onboard ships. These pumps are used in cooling circuits of medium and high power engines, power plant boilers and in bilge, ballast and fire installations. Very extensive use of angular momentum pumps on board is connected with their numerous advantages. During operation the wear of marine hull, the rotor and shaft seals take place. The research attempts to increase the service life of shafts. The article presents the research results referring to the analysis of the influence of lathing and burnishing on the corrosion properties of steel applied to marine pump shafts. The research was performed on a roller of 40 mm in diameter made of X5CrNi 18-10 (AISI304 L) stainless steel. The lathing process was carried out by means of a WNMG WF 080408 Sandvik Coromant cutting tool with replaceable inserts. The process of burnishing was done by SRMD burnisher by Yamato. In addition, the influence of the burnisher passes number on the corrosion properties was determined. The paper will present the results of potentiodynamic research. To conduct the survey the Atlas 0531 EU & IA potentiostat will be used. Determination of parameters of the corrosion process will be executed on Elfit2 computer program.

19

Antykorozyjne powłoki elektrolityczne na bazie cynku

Osuchowska E., Bieliński J., Lutze R., Kwiatkowski L.

Inżynieria Powierzchni

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2010

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Nr 3

40-47

PL

Przedstawiono proces elektroosadzania powłok stopowych Zn-Cr i Zn-Ni w warunkach prądu stałego i impulsowego. Dyskutowano wpływ składu kąpieli oraz parametrów osadzania na proces elektroosadzania (zawartość Cr/Ni oraz katodowa wydajność prądowa) i właściwości korozyjne otrzymanych powłok stopowych cynku. Otrzymane powłoki stopowe Zn-Cr i Zn-Ni o dobrej jakości zawierały do 3%Cr i do 20%Ni. Zawartość chromu bądź molibdenu w powłoce zależała od składu kąpieli i warunków prądowych. Badania korozyjne wykazały, że wprowadzenie chromu bądź niklu do powłoki Zn zwiększa jej odporność na korozję.

EN

The paper describes the electrodeposition process of Zn-Cr and Zn-Ni alloy coatings with direct and pulse current.The influence of bath composition and process parameters ( the Cr/Ni content and the cathodic current efficiency) on the electrodeposition and corrosion properties of Zn alloy coatings is discussed. Good quality Zn-Cr and Zn-Ni alloy deposited coatings with good quality contained up to 3%Cr and to 20%Ni. The percentage of chromium or nickel in the coatings depended on the bath composition and current conditions. The corrosion studies showed that introduction Cr or Ni additives in Zn coatings increases their corrosion resistance.

20

Powłoki cyny immersyjnej - badanie właściwości korozyjnych

Araźna A., Bieliński J., Królikowski A.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2009

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nr 11

468-469

PL

Warstwy cyny immersyjnej o różnej grubości osadzono na folię miedzianą z roztworu metanosulfonianowego. Odporność na korozję osadzanych warstw określono w roztworze 0,5 M NaCl metodą potencjodynamiczną. Powłoki Sn badane były w stanie dostawy i po starzeniu. Zaobserwowano, że odporność korozyjna warstw o grubości 0,3 žm wzrasta po starzeniu, natomiast grubsze warstwy Sn w niewielkim stopniu zmieniają swoje właściwości korozyjne. Porównując te wyniki z uzyskanymi dla powłok Sn osadzanych z roztworu chlorkowego stwierdzono, że warstwy Sn immersyjnej o różnych cechach morfologicznych mają odmienne właściwości korozyjne po starzeniu.

EN

Immersion tin coatings of different thickness were deposited on copper foil from methanolulfonic bath. Their corrosion behavior in 0.5 M NaCl solution was determined using potentiodynamic polarization method. The Sn coatings were investigated as received and after ageing. It was observed, that corrosion resistance of 0.3 žm thick Sn layers increased after ageing, whereas the corrosion resistance of thicker layers was changed slightly. These results were compared with those for Sn layers obtained from hydrochloric bath. It was found, that immersion tin coating with various morphology showed different corrosion characteristic after ageing.