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1
Content available remote Chemiczne wymywanie metali ciężkich z zanieczyszczonych gleb
Głodniok Marcin, Zawartka Paweł, Ratajski Piotr, Mrzygłód Tomasz
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2022
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T. 101, nr 11
969--972
PL
Sztucznie zanieczyszczone za pomocą roztworów azotanów: Cu, Zn, Ni i Pb próbki gleby ogrodowej i uniwersalnej oraz próbkę gleby pobraną z terenu skażonego przemysłowo poddano ekstrakcji za pomocą 10-proc. roztworu kwasu cytrynowego, kwasu winowego, wersenianu disodu lub wersenianu tetrasodu, mieszając z prędkością 500 rpm przez 24 h. Zawartość metali ciężkich w ekstrakcie oznaczono metodą spektrometrii płomieniowej FAAS. Wersenian disodu wykazywał dużą skuteczność wymywania metali ze wszystkich badanych gleb. Najbardziej podatnymi na ługowanie pierwiastkami były miedź (Cu) i cynk (Zn), a najsłabiej ołów (Pb).
EN
Garden and universal soil samples were mixed with solns. of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb nitrate, then dried and conditioned. Artificially contaminated soils and a soil sample taken from an industrially polluted area were extd. with 10% solns. of citric acid, tartaric acid, disodium edetate or tetrasodium edetate, while mixing at 500 rpm for 24 h. The content of heavy metals in the extract was detd. by FAAS. Disodium edetate was highly effective for leaching for all the soils studied. Regardless of the leaching soln. used, the most susceptible elements to leaching were Cu and Zn, while Pb was the weakest.
2
Content available Bacterial selection of the Pseudomonas genus with the capacity to treat water and contaminated soils
Escudero-López Henry Joel, Serrano-Carrillo Karla Anabel, Jácome-Pilco Carlos Rodrigo, Sanaguano-Salguero Herminia del Rosario, Bayas-Morejón Isidro Favian
Journal of Water and Land Development
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2022
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no. 53
238--241
EN
In the present work, bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus native to the Ecuadorian Amazon with the capacity to treat contaminated water and soils were selected. For this purpose, 20 soil samples from Amazon region with evidence of contamination were analysed. For identification, each sample was assigned a code according to the sampling area: Joya de los Sachas (S), Minga (M) and Siete de Julio-Shushufindi (SH). The cultures were performed in the combination of Bushnell Hass (BH) + Luria Bertani (LB) and Müeller-Hinton (MH) + Brucella agar (BA) media, all with the addition of diesel to verify their efficacy in the growth of bacteria capable of surviving in contaminated media. The combination with ideal results was that of BH + LB, by means of Gram-staining it was determined that 19 of the samples had interest microorganisms. To characterize the isolates at the species level, biochemical tests of: catalase, citrate, glucose, hemolytic activity and urease were applied, which allowed to confirm the existence of the Pseudomonas of interest. The results indicated that P. stutzeri (in samples S1 and M1), P. aeruginosa (in SH2 and SH5) and P. putida (in S7, S8, S10 and SH4) obtaining a total of 8 isolates (40%) of interest from the initial 19. With the results obtained from this work, an optimal culture method was standardized for the selection of bacteria with potential for treating contaminated soils and water.
3
Content available Wpływ działalności Zakładów Chemicznych „Złotniki” we Wrocławiu na środowisko glebowe terenów przyległych w świetle całkowitej zawartości metali ciężkich
Musztyfaga E., Cuske M., Pora E., Szopka K.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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2014
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nr 153 (33)
16--22
PL
Artykuł porusza zagadnienia związane z oddziaływaniem Zakładów Chemicznych „Złotniki” S.A. we Wrocławiu na środowisko glebowe obszarów znajdujących się w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynik, iż działalność obiektu wpływa istotnie na poziom wzbogacania gleb w pierwiastki metaliczne na terenach przyległych. Stwierdzono nadmierne wzbogacenie gleb w miedź i cynk.
EN
The article discusses issues related to the impact of the Chemical Works "Złotniki" SA in Wrocław on soil conditions of areas in the immediate vicinity. Analyses show that the activity of the object significantly affect of the level of enrichment metallic elements in adjacent areas. It was over-enrichment of copper and zinc analyzed soils.
4
Content available Ultrasonic cleaning of plant roots in their preparation for analysis on heavy metals
Cuske M., Karczewska A., Gałka B.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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2014
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nr 155 (35)
25--32
EN
The paper focuses on ultrasonic method used for cleaning of root material collected from a pot experiment. In the experiment, red fescue was grown on differently contaminated soils amended with organic additions. Determined were total concentrations of Cu and Zn in root material pre-pared for analysis by hand washing and the use of ultrasonic bath. The results indicate significant differences between the two methods.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania metody ultradźwiękowego czyszczenia materiału korzeniowego pobranego z doświadczenia wazonowego. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano różnie zanieczyszczone gleby z dodatkami organicznymi a następnie wysiano kostrzewę czerwoną. Oznaczono całkowite zawartości Cu i Zn w wybranych próbkach korzeni kostrzewy po ich oczyszczaniu ręcznym oraz po zastosowaniu oczyszczania metodą ultradźwiękową. Wyniki wskazują na znaczne różnice pomiędzy zastosowanymi metodami.
5
Content available Mercury and aluminium in arable soils in the area of influence of brown coal mine and power plant based on the example of the Bogatynia region (Southwestern Poland)
Kucharczak-Moryl E, Moryl A, Dąbrowska J., Żmuda P.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 15, nr 2
60--66
EN
This study presents research on the content of mercury and aluminium in arable soils within the range of influence of the Coal Mine and Power Plant Turów (Bogatynia region). The results were compared for reference with the region of Zgorzelec, which is situated outside the range of emission and with the results of tests conducted by other authors. The tests did not show a statistically significant increase in the mercury level in arable land from the range of influence of the Coal Mine and Power Plant Turów, neither in comparison to soils from Zgorzelec region. It is noticeable that the maximum level of mercury in the analysed area was nearly twice as high as in the values obtained in soils from industrial area in Opole and 25 times lower than the maximum mercury level found in the soils of Jelenia Góra District. On the other hand, tests of aluminium content showed a significant, nearly 3 times higher level of this metal in the range of direct influence of the Coal Mine and Power Plant Turów in comparison with the Zgorzelec region. The noted values were higher than in soils from industrial area in Opole.
6
Content available Oddziaływanie Huty Cynku Oława na środowisko glebowe terenów przyległych, w świetle całkowitej zawartości metali ciężkich w poziomach powierzchniowych gleb miasta Oławy
Cuske M., Marcinkiewicz M., Szopka K., Karczewska A., Pora E.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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2013
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nr 149 (29)
42--50
PL
Celem pracy jest określenie zawartości wybranych metali ciężkich w poziomach powierzchniowych gleb zlokalizowanych w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie ZM „Silesia” S.A. Oddział Huta Oława. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że wieloletnia działalność huty istotnie wpływa na poziom zanieczyszczenia gleb w Oławie. Stwierdzono nadmierne wzbogacenie gleb w cynk i ołów, co jest efektem specyfiki działalności prowadzonej przez zakład.
EN
The aim of the study is analysis of heavy metals in surface levels of soils located in ZM “Silesia” S.A., Zinc Smelter Oława vicinity. Research showed that long-term smelter activity has a significant impact on the contaminated level of soils in Oława. It was ascertained excessive soil icrease in zinc and lead what is a result of the specific activity of the smelter.
7
Content available Surfactant assisted removal of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from contaminated soils
Ramamurthy A., Schalchian H.
Environment Protection Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 39, nr 3
87--99
EN
The study deals with the removal of residual contaminants Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from soil using surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and Triton x-100. Surfactants were used with and without chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). SDS (10 mM) was the most effective surfactant for removing metals. Replacing distilled water with SDS enhanced metal removal by the factor of 5.5, 28.8, and 29.1 for Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. SDS with EDTA was efficient in removing metals. Interaction of metal ions with respect to adsorption and desorption were also studied.
8
Content available Influence of process parameters on anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in contaminated soil. Preliminary lab-scale study. Part II. Substrates and pH control
Baczyński T.
Environment Protection Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 39, nr 1
5--16
EN
Suitability of various substrates for anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in contaminated soil was tested in lab-scale tests with granular sludge inoculation. Use of carbohydrate-based substances such as starch, sucrose, molasses and whey resulted in acidification, which in extreme cases inhibited DDT removal. A large amount of phosphate buffer prevented pH drop for starch, but not for sucrose. Better results were obtained with calcium carbonate as a buffering agent, which also had little effect on soil salinity. Very good effectiveness of biodegradation was achieved using sodium lactate which, however, caused alkalinisation of the soil, perhaps due to accumulation of sodium carbonate. Alkalinisation did not occur when calcium lactate was used instead. Experiments also demonstrated that Tween 80 surfactant could be successfully used as a substrate, without experiencing problems with pH control.
9
Content available remote Influence of process parameters on anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in contaminated soil preliminary lab-scale study. Part I. surfactant and initial contamination level
Baczyński T.
Environment Protection Engineering
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2012
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Vol. 38, nr 4
113--125
EN
Anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in field-polluted soil was investigated in relation to Tween 80 surfactant dose and initial pollution level. Experiments were carried out as lab-scale tests with flooded soil, inoculated with granular sludge. Higher surfactant doses decreased DDT residual concentration and also reduced DDD metabolite accumulation. However, doses higher than optimum caused DDD production to increase again. Results were also better for lower initial contamination levels - DDD accumulation was smaller whereas formation of terminal metabolite DBP was higher, indicating an enhancement of DDT transformation. Tests with pure compounds spiked in clean soil demonstrated that DDD is degraded slowly. Results point to three possible parallel pathways of anaerobic DDT transformation, not, as commonly reported, only one starting with dechlorination to DDD.
10
Content available Fitoremediacja - niedoceniony potencjał roślin w oczyszczaniu środowiska
Grobelak A., Kacprzak M., Fijałkowski K.
Journal of Ecology and Health
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2010
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R. 14, nr 6
276-280
PL
Zanieczyszczenie metalami ciężkimi jest problemem o charakterze globalnym. Ze względu na swoje właściwości, metale ciężkie stanowią bardzo specyficzną klasę zanieczyszczeń. W wyniku działalności człowieka i rozwoju przemysłu stężenie metali w glebach wzrasta drastycznie, a ich nawet jednorazowa depozycja powoduje, że mogą pozostać w ekosystemie wodnym lub glebowym przez wiele lat zmieniając tylko formy w jakich występują. Obiecujące możliwości usuwania metali z gleb daje zastosowanie roślin w procesach remediacji. Fitoremediacja obejmuje różnorodne techniki rekultywacji, prowadzi do usuwania zanieczyszczeń z gleby (fitoekstrakcja) lub unieruchamiania (fitostabilizacja), gdzie stworzone warunki glebowe jak i okrywa roślinna powodują zmniejszenie mobilności metali ciężkich. Fitoekstrakcja wykorzystuje niezwykłą zdolność roślin tzw. hiperakumulatorów do kumulowania metali w pędach nadziemnych, które w dalszym etapie procesu mogą zostać usunięte. Technika ta posiada swoje ograniczenia jak i zalety, ale generalnie uważana jest jako przyjazna dla środowiska, ekonomiczna, mało ingerująca w ekosystemy i akceptowalna społecznie. Warunki glebowe oraz stężenie zanieczyszczeń muszą mieścić się w zakresie tolerancji rośliny, co stanowi pewne ograniczenie w stosowaniu metody. Technika ta jest powszechnie postrzegana jako alternatywa dla ingerujących w ekosystem metod fizycznych. Stosowanie metod inżynierii genetycznej oraz poszukiwanie gatunków o odpowiednich cechach otwiera nowe możliwości dla fitoremediacji.
EN
Heavy metal pollution is worldwide problem. Due to their immutable nature, heavy metals are unique class of toxicants. As a result of human activities and onset of industrial revolution, concentration of heavy metals has increased drastically, causing acute and diffuse contamination of soil. Once the heavy metals contaminate the soil or water ecosystem, they remain for many years. Toxic metals can only be remediated by removal from soil. Plant-based remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with heavy metals. Phytoremediation includes a variety of remediation techniques primarily leading to contaminant removal (phytoextraction) or immobilization (phytostabilization), where soil conditions and vegetative cover are manipulated to reduce the heavy metals mobility. Phytoextraction uses the remarkable ability of hyperaccumulator plants to concentrate metals from the environment into the harvestable parts of above ground shoots. This technique has limitations and advantages. Phytoremediation is environmental friendly, a cost-effective, non-intrustive, aesthetically pleasing and socially accepted. Soil conditions and pollutant concentrations must be within the limits of plant tolerance. This technique is widely viewed as the ecologically responsible alternative to the destructive physical remediation methods. Improvement of plants by genetic engineering and screening appreciate plant species opens up new possibilities for phytoremediation.
11
Content available remote Biological activity of soil contaminated by biodiesel
Hawrot-Paw M., Kamieniecka A., Smolik B.
Environment Protection Engineering
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2010
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Vol. 36, nr 3
87-93
EN
The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of biodiesel on the microorganisms biomass and dehydrogenase activity. Biodiesel was introduced into the soil at a concentration of 1.5 and 10%. The influence of biofuel on the amount of biomass of living microorganisms was various and depended on the dose which was used. Stimulation of dehydrogenases activity was observed in 1% dose of biodiesel (about 60-300% higher than the values in non-contaminated soil). Higher doses, within a longer period of time, had a negative influence on microorganisms (reduction of their activity up to 35-92% compared to the control).
12
Content available Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) - Measuring Dielectric Constant of Polluted Soil to Estimate Diesel Oil Content
Olchawa A., Kumor M.
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
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2008
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Vol. 55, nr 1-2
55-62
EN
The paper presents results of experimental study on the possibility of calculating the content of diesel oil in soils from measurements of dielectric permittivity with the TDR technique in a soil-water-air-diesel oil system. Results of calculation were compared with the actual content of diesel oil measured in laboratory conditions. The comparison shows that the content of diesel oil in soils may be precisely determined pn the basid of measurements of dielectric permittivity in contaminated soils.
13
Content available Bioaccumulation of 226Ra in the plants growing near uranium facilities
Tykva R., Podracká E.
Nukleonika
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2005
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Vol. 50,suppl.1
25-27
EN
Radiopollution of soils in the close neighbourhood of a uranium mine and a uranium mill was characterized using measurement of specific 226Ra activity by gamma spectrometry. It was found that it ranged from values lower than the admissible limit of 0.2 Bq.g 1 of soil (averaged over the first 15 cm below the ground surface) to values more than one hundred times higher. Bioaccumulation of 226Ra from the measured soils in plant species which were naturally growing on the analysed sites was analysed. The specific 226Ra activity of aboveground dry plant parts ranged within two orders of magnitude. Currently occurring and simply collected Mentha piperita was found to be useful for biomonitoring of soils.
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