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1
Content available Wybrane metody badań środków smarowych
PL
W artykule omówione zostały właściwości fizykochemiczne środków smarowych, wybrane w oparciu o wieloletnie doświadczenie Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych. Problemy w eksploatacji smarowanych urządzeń wskazują na szczególne znaczenie właściwości reologicznych w zakresie niskiej i wysokiej temperatury, stabilności oksydacyjnej i mieszalności. Właściwości te, pomimo że istotne dla eksploatacji urządzeń, są stosunkowo mało znane i rzadko stosowane w praktyce laboratoryjnej wielu instytutów. Właściwości olejów smarowych i smarów plastycznych określone za pomocą omówionych w artykule testów laboratoryjnych są przydatne dla odpowiedniego ich doboru do warunków pracy smarowanych urządzeń. W artykule zastosowano terminologię zaczerpniętą z dokumentów normalizacyjnych opisujących wybrane testy laboratoryjne.
EN
In this article selected physicochemical properties of lubricants have been discussed. The selection of properties was based on the Institute’s many years of experience. Problems in the operation of lubricated equipment, indicate the particular importance of rheological properties in low and high temperature, oxidative stability and lubricants compatibility. These properties, although important for the operation of equipment, are relatively unknown and rarely used in the laboratory practice of many Institutes. The properties of lubricating oils and greases determined by the laboratory test methods described in this article, are useful for their proper selection for operating conditions of lubricated equipment. In this article, the terminology of standard test methods is used.
PL
W artykule omówiono problematykę jakości cieczy chłodzących stosowanych w instalacjach przemysłowych. Przedstawiono wyniki wykonanych badań cieczy eksploatacyjnych w instalacjach przemysłowych. Wskazano kryteria, które powinny być spełnione, aby instalacje mogły prawidłowo funkcjonować oraz na konieczność monitorowania jakości cieczy chłodzących w celu zapobiegania awariom i unikania kosztów napraw związanych z ich usuwaniem.
EN
The article discusses the problem of quality of cooling fluids in industrial applications. Presented are examples of conducted research and obtained results for fluids working in real industrial installations. The criteria that should be met for the installation to function properly and the need to monitor the quality of these fluids are listed in order to prevent accidents and avoid the cost of repairing them.
3
Content available remote Wybrane zagadnienia stosowania i doboru cieczy eksploatacyjnych w wiropłatach
PL
Przedstawiono koncepcję uporządkowania systemu doboru i asortymentu cieczy eksploatacyjnych stosowanych w wiropłatach, użytkowanych w Polsce, uwzględniającą zarówno sprzęt typu zachodniego jak i typu rosyjskiego. Postuluje się kwalifikowanie środków smarowych na podstawie procedur obowiązujących w NATO, w taki sposób, że dla określonych zastosowań nie posługuje się konkretnymi nazwami handlowymi, a przypisanymi kodami NATO, dla produktów spełniających określone wymagania jakościowe i posiadającymi Joint Service Designator. Wskazano na konkretne korzyści wynikające z uproszczenia gospodarki magazynowej, obsługi oraz procedur zakupu. Postuluje się powołanie interdyscyplinarnego zespołu, w skład którego wejdą przedstawiciele wszystkich zainteresowanych instytucji, celem opracowania bieżąco aktualizowanej bazy danych o produktach, które mogą być zamiennie stosowane w wiropłatach (i innym sprzęcie lotniczym) użytkowanych w Polsce.
EN
An idea of arranging the system of selection and classification of working liquids used in rotorcrafts in Polish service is presented. The system includes both kinds of stuff: of western countries type and of Russian type. Classifying of lubricants based on NATO procedures is suggested. The methodology of classification does not use trade names for particular applications of lubricants, but assigned NATO codes for the products meeting particular quality requirements and possessing Joint Service Designator. In the article are indicated remarkable benefits, which result from simplification of storage procedures, service and purchase procedures. It is proposed to establish an interdisciplinary team consisting of representatives of all interested organizations in order to elaborate a currently updated database concerning products, which may be used optionally in serving in Poland rotorcrafts and other airships.
EN
The modifiers of processing properties of ceramic masses consist mostly of petrol carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and water. They function as a grease medium, antiadhesive, bonding and softening agent.
EN
Chemical compositions and basic characteristics of many oil plants have been presented. Modification possibilities of their chemical composition, quality and productivity by use of new agriculture technique and transgenetic materials have been given. Various vegetable oils were estimated in the aspect of application as components and/or additives for fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other operational fluids.
EN
Chemical compositions and basic characteristics of many oil plants have been presented. Modification possibilities of their chemical composition, quality and productivity by use of new agriculture technique and transgenetic materials have been given. Various vegetable oils were estimated in the aspect of application as components and/or additives for fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other operational fluids.
EN
Chemical composition and basic characteristic of many oil plants have been presented. Modification possibilities of their chemical composition, quality and productivity by use of new agriculture technique and transgenetic materials have been given. Various vegetable oils were estimated in the aspect of application as components and/or additives for fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and other operational fluids.
EN
Chemical composition and basic characteristics of many oil plants have been presented. Modification possibilities of their chemical composition, quality and productivity by use of new agriculture technique and transgenetic materials have been given. Varoius vegetable oils were estimated in the aspect of application as components and/or additives for fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and other operational fluids.
EN
Functions of magnetic fluids in micro- and macroscopic scale, their composition and physicochemical - magnetorheological properties in relation to present and future applications have been described. Control possibilities of the rheological characteristics by use of permanent magnetic field in comparison to typical mechanical properties of these fluids i.e. vibration dumping, friction and elasticity have been presented. Role of magnetic fluids in automatic control of some equipment parameters has been described.
EN
Application of magnetic fluids and also examples of machines and equipment have been described. The fluids can be used for reduction of friction, improvement of sealing, lubrication, and vibration dumping. Some others application have been suggested.
EN
Application of magnetic fluids and also examples of machines and equipment have been described. The fluids can be used for reduction of friction, improvement of sealing, lubrication, and vibration dumping. Some others applications have been suggested.
EN
The main problems with disposal of waste brake fluids in Poland have been presented. It is described the mass balance and the coditions to formation of a collection system of these fluids. Starting from determination of the waste streams and scale of necessary installations, preparation of the disposal system has been postulated.
EN
This paper describes briefly toxicological problems of operational fluids. The toxicological problems are presented by description of terms of toxicity, ecotoxicity, bioconcentration, regulatory limitations and test methods. Description of the test and test results obtained in the Microtox method are given. In summary, human health and environmental hazards are factors that cause more and more concern to the toxicology problems.
EN
Basic dates relate to: chemical composition, classification, grades, methods of testing and properties of paraffin have been presented. Fundamental processes of engineering used in paraffin production technology from different fundamental materials has been discussed. Especially technology used in Oil Refinery "Glimar" Company in Gorlice has been taken into consideration. Paraffin in some branch of industry like for example exploitation liquids (lubricating greases, car cosmetics, meatl protectives) have been reminded.
EN
Comparing products of some renowned companies, physical-chemical characteristics and heat-transfer properties of these products have been presented. Basic test methods useful in performance properties estimating have been described. Some rules governing heat-transfer process and their applicability to oil heat-transfer systems, a description of basic systems and components have been given.
EN
Financial resources and environmental initiatives in Poland in year 1999 have been presented. Biodegradability and ecotoxicity some operational fluids like: engine oils, hydraulic oils, metalworking fluids, lubricating greases, and brake and engine cooling fluids have been described. Problem has been illustrated by considerations about collecting and preventing measures with regard to legal and technical aspects.
EN
Principles of biodegradation, definitions, classifications, and test methods used to biodegradability assessment of wide variety products have been described. Biodegradability test results obtained in different tests for some chemical compounds and typical biodegradability values of different base lubricants measured with the CEC method have been presented.
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