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Human-aware Contingent Planning

Andrés Ignasi, Barros Leliane Nunes de, Delgado Karina Valdivia

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2020

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Vol. 174, nr 1

63--81

EN

Contingent planning models a robot that must achieve a goal in a partially observable environment with non-deterministic actions. A solution for this problem is generated by searching in the space of belief states, where a belief state is a set of possible world states. However, if there is an unavoidable dead-end state, the robot will fail to accomplish his task. In this work, rather than limiting a contingent planning task to the agent's actions and observations, we model a planning agent that is able to proactively resort to humans for help in order to complete tasks that would be unsolvable otherwise. Our aim is to develop a symbiotic autonomous agent, that is, an agent that, proactively and autonomously, asks for human help when needed. We formalize this problem and propose an extension of a translation technique to convert the contingent planning problem with human help into a non-deterministic fully observable planning problem that can be solved by an off-the-shelf efficient FOND planner.

2

Analiza wybranych zachowań i postaw żywieniowych dziewcząt vi klasy szkoły mistrzostwa sportowego badania wstępne

Bartkowicz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2014

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nr 86

99--109

PL

Celem badania była analiza wybranych zachowań, postaw żywieniowych młodych gimnastyczek i koszykarek w szkole mistrzostwa sportowego. Stwierdzono, że 61% dziewcząt spożywało regularnie I śniadanie, 20% II śniadanie, 80% obiad, zaś kolację ok. 60%. Zauważono zbyt małe spożycie ryb, kasz i ryżu, pieczywa razowego i warzyw. Pozytywnym zachowaniem było niskie spożycie żywności typu fast-food, chipsów. Połowa badanych dziewcząt oceniła swoją wiedzę żywieniową i sposób odżywiania się na poziomie dobrym. Dziewczęta z masą ciała 53 kg i poniżej oceniły swoją wiedzę i sposób żywienia jako dobre i bardzo dobre. Po przekąski między posiłkami 52% dziewcząt sięgało „rzadko” zaś około 40% „nigdy”. Dziewczęta wykazały się negatywną postawą wobec własnej sylwetki, co zwiększa ryzyko pojawienia się zaburzeń odżywiania.

EN

The aim of study was to analyze selected nutrition behaviors and attitudes of young athletes from Sport Mastery School. It was found that: 61% girls ate regularly I breakfast, 20% lunch, 80% dinner and about 60% supper. Most often overlooked meal was tea. Observed too small intake of fish, groats, race, whole grain bread, vegetable. Positive behavior was low intake of fast-food and crisps. Half of the respondents assessed their nutrition knowledge on good level. Girls with body weight 53 kg and below decided place nutrition’s knowledge on the level of good and very good. Rarely ate snack 52,0% girls and about 40% never. The girls showed negative attitude towards their own shape.

3

Reliability and uncertainty in determining search area during Search-and Rescue action

Barciu Z.

Polish Maritime Research

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2012

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nr 1

21-30

EN

Sea accident occurring far away from the base of rescue ships generates – for SAR action coordinator - problem of determining search areas on the basis of information which sometimes may be incomplete and uncertain, e.g. an unknown number of launched life rafts and persons in water (PIW), as well as that of sending, to the area, a non-rescue ship nearest to place of occurrence of the accident. Variety of operational states of life rafts (number of persons on raft, drift anchor etc) produces different wind leeways as a result of which search areas for the objects would be in a different distance from the last known position (LKP), e.g.: - search areas for life rafts without drift anchor, with an unknown number of castaways on board, -search areas for life rafts with drift anchor, with an unknown number of castaways on board, and - search area for the PIW. To sweep determined search areas the coordinator makes use of a ship nearest to place of danger. In this paper has been made an attempt to determine measures which would make SAR action coordinator capable of deciding which area should be searched first by using a ship nearest to place of the action.

4

Quantification of Positive and Negative Attacker's Information

Gruska D.P.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2012

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Vol. 120, nr 3/4

311-324

EN

Different techniques for expressing an amount of information on secrete data which can be obtained by a process observation are presented. They are based on information theory and they express certainty about sets of private actions which execution is guaranteed by a given observation and sets of actions which execution is excluded by a given observation. Moreover, the case when an intruder has same preliminary belief on secrete data is discussed. It is shown how the presented technique could be applied for such case. As regards working formalism, probabilistic process algebra is used for description of systems as well as attacker's belief.