Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Dron jako sojusznik w operacjach lotniskowych : integracja operacji dronów na lotniskach

Leśnikowski Władysław

Wiedza Obronna

|

2023

|

nr 3

PL

W artykule została poruszona problematyka bezzałogowych statków powietrznych i ich wykorzystania w operacjach lotniskowych. Obsługa statków powietrznych przez drony w przeprowadzaniu inspekcji, konserwacji posiada wiele czynników mających wpływ na jego jakość, bezpieczeństwo, czas i oszczędności. Drony w przeprowadzaniu inspekcji statków powietrznych, infrastruktury lotniskowej mają wpływ w procesie ograniczania ryzyka wpływu człowieka na obsługę techniczną statków powietrznych, wyeliminowania awarii czynnika ludzkiego oraz zmniejszenia ryzyka utraty zdrowia czy życia w czasie wykonywania tych procedur. Autor omawia również w artykule wykorzystanie dronów w procesie obsługi technicznej, napraw i remontów samolotów komercyjnych, zarządzaniu ciągłością do lotu. Poruszony został również temat koncepcje systemu ”Smart Hangar”. Zidentyfikowane zostały zagrożenia związane z wykorzystaniem dronów w procesie utrzymania ruchu, zagrożenia związane z tą działalnością.

EN

The article discusses the issue of unmanned aircraft and their use in airport operations. The operation of aircraft by drones in carrying out inspections and maintenance has many factors affecting its quality, safety, time and savings. Drones in the inspection of aircraft and airport infrastructure have an impact in the process of reducing the risk of human influence on the technical maintenance of aircraft, eliminating the failure of the human factor and reducing the risk of loss of health or life during the performance of these procedures. The author also discusses in the article the use of drones in the process of maintenance, repair and overhaul of commercial aircraft, and flight continuity management. The concept of the "Smart Hangar" system was also discussed. Threats related to the use of drones in the maintenance process and the risks associated with this activity have been identified.

2

Analysis of past aircraft incidents in respect of occurrence of aircraft accident

Tomaszewska Justyna, Woch Marta, Zieja Mariusz, Parandyk Mikołaj

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

227--236

EN

Aviation safety is the science and practice of risk management in aviation. It includes the prevention of aviation accidents and incidents through research, education of aviation personnel, passengers and the general public, and the design of aircraft and aviation infrastructure. The aviation industry is subject to considerable regulation and supervision. Despite this, aviation incidents continually occur. Most of these are of low consequence and involve only the loss of money or the temporary frightening of the crew and bystanders. Unfortunately, there are also accidents in which people die, and this loss is already unimaginably high. The chapter covers topics that include an analysis of aviation incidents, comparing the type of incident, the causes of the incident and the consequences the incident has caused. Also the models of safety management in aviation are presented and compared, so that the number of unsafe situations can be significantly reduced.

3

Review of risk assessment tools and techniques for selected aspects of functioning aerodrome operator

Marzec Dominika, Fellner Radosław

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2023

|

z. 136

5--22

EN

The safety risk management is crucial for aviation industry companies. Each of aviation organizations (i.e. airlines, aerodrome operators, General Aviation entities, etc.) has different specificity and deals with different factors. Numerous studies on safety risk management have been conducted, however authors of presented paper have seen a need to review one of the its’ numerous aspect - the risk assessment from the perspective of aerodrome operator. The variety of risk assessment tools and techniques gives many possibilities, but can also cause disarray if rules or selection criteria for their use have not been developed. The aim of the article is to present the risk assessment tools and techniques, that may be the most beneficial and useful for selected safety aspects of aerodrome functioning. For this purpose, existing risk assessment techniques and tools were collected and briefly reviewed, as well as their usefulness for the aerodrome operator was verified according to the proposed issues related to the safety of aerodrome operations. Analysis have shown that a manual summarizing and reviewing risk assessment tools and techniques could be useful for aerodrome operators.

4

Analysis of impact of atmospheric attenuation and measurement uncertainties on laser hazard distances in navigable airspace for visible cw laser radiation

Młyńczak Jarosław

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2023

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Vol. 30, nr 2

259--272

EN

This document provides a simplified solution to the problem of calculation of laser hazard distances defined in the Advisory Circular 70-1B by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration regarding atmospheric attenuation (assuming its constant value) and measurement uncertainties. The calculation approaches and examples presented in this document do not specify the procedure that should be followed in the case of atmospheric attenuation, nor do they take into account the uncertainties associated with the measured parameters. The analysis presented in the article complements to some extent AC 70-1B and can be used by those who need such a simplified solution regarding illumination of landing or taking off aircrafts. The article presents a sample analysis for a typical laser pointer, where the necessary parameters of the laser beam along with the appropriate uncertainties were determined in accordance with the methods accredited by the Polish Centre for Accreditation while the appropriate laser hazard distances were calculated taking into account different atmospheric attenuation coefficients.

5

Air transport safety in UAV operational conditions

Bolz Katarzyna, Nowacki Gabriel

Journal of civil engineering and transport

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2023

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Vol. 5, No. 1

9--23

EN

The article presents the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles in air transport. The use of UAVs in the airspace has become widespread, despite many implemented legal regulations, there are many incidents that threaten not only aircraft during the flight, but also the airport infrastructure. The potential threats and the chances of implementing remedial measures were analyzed. An attempt to evaluate the possibility of maintaining aviation safety at an appropriate level in the conditions of UAV operational conditions has been done. The main research problem was defined as follows: How would implementing unmanned aerial vehicles into the air transport system influence the acceptable level of safety? The article uses theoretical methods such as: system analysis, analysis and synthesis in the field of literature, analogy, comparative method. In terms of empirical methods, an original diagnostic survey was carried out, based on a selected group of people related to the explored topic. In addition, the observation method was used by the feedbacks and observations of the group of air traffic controllers from civil airports (located in Poland). The article describes the current transformation of air transport, taking into account the planned modernizations. It presents the Pansa UTM system as one of the countermeasures, monitoring and securing the movement in the airspace. Furthermore, the transponder issue was raised in relation to the enhancement of the UAV identification system, with a detailed explanation of the importance of the TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System). Referring to the prospects for the development of air transport, the latest design concepts for cargo drones were presented. The issue of full transport autonomy of UAVs was analyzed based on the requirements of legal regulations. The comparison of benefits and threats in conjunction with the conducted empirical methods allowed for the development of conclusions confirming the research hypothesis and indicating the possibility of using remedial measures in the process of UAV evolution.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano możliwości wykorzystania bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w transporcie lotniczym. Dokonano analizy potencjalnych zagrożeń oraz szans wdrożenia środków zaradczych. Podjęto próbę ewaluacji możliwości utrzymania bezpieczeństwa lotnictwa na należytym poziomie w warunkach operacyjności BSP. Główny problem badawczy został zdefiniowany następująco: W jaki sposób implementacja bezzałogowych statków powietrznych do systemu transportu lotniczego wpłynie na utrzymanie akceptowalnego poziomu bezpieczeństwa? W artykule zastosowano takie metody teoretyczne jak: analiza systemowa, analiza i synteza w obszarze literatury, analogia, metoda porównawcza. W zakresie metod empirycznych przeprowadzono autorski sondaż diagnostyczny, realizowany w oparciu o wytypowaną grupę osób związaną z badaną tematyką. Ponadto zastosowano metodę obserwacji, realizowaną dzięki opiniom i spostrzeżeniom grupy kontrolerów ruchu lotniczego lotnisk cywilnych(rozlokowanych na terenie Polski). Artykuł opisuje obecną transformację transportu lotniczego z uwzględnieniem planowanych modernizacji. Przedstawia system PansaUTM jako jeden ze środków zaradczych, monitorujących i zabezpieczających ruch w przestrzeni powietrznej. Ponadto poruszono kwestię transpondera w odniesieniu do wzmocnienia systemu identyfikacji BSP, ze szczegółowym wyjaśnieniem znaczenia systemu zapobiegającego zderzeniom statków powietrznych TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System). W nawiązaniu do perspektyw rozwoju transportu lotniczego zaprezentowano najnowsze koncepcje konstrukcyjne dronów cargo. Analizowano kwestię pełnej autonomii transportowych BSP w oparciu o wymogi regulacji prawnych. Porównanie korzyści i zagrożeń w połączeniu z przeprowadzonymi metodami empirycznymi pozwoliły na wypracowanie wniosków potwierdzających hipotezę badawczą oraz wskazanie możliwości zastosowania środków zaradczych w procesie ewolucji BSP.

6

Methodology for the Performance Evaluation of Airspace Use by Military Aviation

Markiewicz Telesfor Marek

Safety & Defense

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2022

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2

9--17

EN

This paper aims to present the evolution of methods for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of flexible use of airspace by military aviation in terms of the air navigation services performance scheme in European Union countries. Airspace management, which is a part of air traffic management, takes into account the operational needs of civil and military aviation without favouring either of them. However, some military aviation operations cannot be safely interconnected with civil aviation operations as they differ in nature and purpose. There is, therefore, a requirement to set aside airspace for exclusive military use to accommodate such operations. Military aviation must also use airspace in the most efficient and effective manner when conducting its operations. The existing situation provides a rationale for improving the methodology for assessing the efficiency of airspace use by military aviation, regardless of the requirements of the performance scheme for air navigation services intended for civil aviation. This article reviews the development of performance assessment methodologies in the field in question. The findings show considerable variation in the methods used, suggesting the need to establish standard procedures for collecting and processing performance data related to airspace used by military aviation.

7

An Analysis of Rope Tension Forces While Towing a Sailplane

Wojnar Tomasz, Stołtny Bartosz

Safety & Defense

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2022

|

2

27--35

EN

This article presents a model of a rope, which is an example of a rope used when a glider takes off by means of towing with the use of an aerial winch, winding the rope attached to the glider. The finite element method used in MESH software was used for the model. This method allows us to take into account not only bending flexibility but also longitudinal flexibility. Such an approach to the subject of simulation allows for obtaining results relatively quickly while maintaining an appropriate level of accuracy. This allows for further exploration of the phenomena occurring in the glider towing process. The construction of a fast algorithm enables its implementation in the glider towing process control systems. The aim of this article is to present numerical analyzes of commonly used tow ropes. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the synthetic rope commonly used in gliding, comparing the obtained results with the classic steel rope.

8

The effect of the flight experience on the visual behavior of pilots – a preliminary study

Mika Barbara, Grzegorczyk Krzysztof, Galant-Gołębiewska Marta, Maciejewska Marta

Journal of KONBiN

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2022

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Vol. 52, iss. 3

53--76

EN

The eye tracking technique is increasingly used in the context of examining the method of processing visual information from instruments and displays located in the cockpit of an airplane. An important aspect is monitoring the pilot's visual behavior in the most difficult phase of the flight, which is the landing of the plane. Six people participated in the research, divided into three groups according to their experience. The subjects performed three landing approaches in various weather conditions. During the study, the visual behavior of the participants was recorded using the Pupil Invisible eye tracker. Based on the analysis of heatmaps and areas of interest, differences in the distribution and number of fixations in the visual field between pilots with different aviation experience were shown.

PL

Technika eye trackingu znajduje coraz szersze zastosowanie w kontekście badania sposobu przetwarzania informacji wizualnych z przyrządów i wyświetlaczy umieszczonych w kokpicie samolotu. Istotnym aspektem staje się monitorowanie zachowania wzrokowego pilota w najtrudniejszej fazie lotu, jaką jest lądowanie samolotu. W badaniach wzięło udział sześć osób, podzielonych względem doświadczenia na trzy grupy. Badani wykonywali trzy podejścia do lądowania w zróżnicowanych warunkach atmosferycznych. Podczas badania rejestrowano zachowanie wzrokowe uczestników przy wykorzystaniu eye trackera Pupil Invisible. Na podstawie analizy map cieplnych oraz obszarów zainteresowania wykazane zostały różnice w rozmieszczeniu oraz liczbie fiksacji w polu wizualnym pomiędzy pilotami o zróżnicowanym doświadczeniu lotniczym.

9

Using Heinrich’s (Bird’s) Pyramid of Adverse Events to Assess the Level of Safety in an Airline

Maklakovs Juris, Bitins Aleksandrs, Bogdane Ruta, Shestakov Vladimir

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2021

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Nr 4 (265)

11--20

EN

One of the key concepts in matters of flight safety is that of special (abnormal) situations, with airworthiness regulation and certification of aviation equipment being based on this concept. At the same time, one is forced to admit that today there is no explicit interpretation of the standardized traits of special situations, nor are they not fully elucidated in the scientific literature. In this article we propose a pyramidbased approach to interpreting special (abnormal) in-flight situations, which allows for risk assessment not using risk matrices, but instead relying only on the probabilistic characteristics of the occurrence of events. Using the presence of a causal relationship between the layers of the pyramid, we propose an algorithm for the transition of varying degrees of danger of special situations. This algorithm can be used to develop an on-board device that informs the pilot about the dynamics of transitions from one situation to another, representing each emergency situation in a certain color.

PL

Jednym z kluczowych pojęć w obszarze bezpieczeństwa lotów, na którym opierają się przepisy zdatności do lotu i certyfikacja wyposażenia lotniczego, jest pojęcie sytuacji specjalnych (anormalnych). Z drugiej jednak strony obecnie nie ma jednoznacznej interpretacji standardowych cech sytuacji specjalnych, ani nie są one w pełni wyjaśnione w literaturze naukowej. W niniejszym artykule proponowano piramidalne podejście do interpretacji sytuacji specjalnych (anormalnych) w locie, które pozwala na ocenę ryzyka bez użycia macierzy ryzyka, a jedynie w oparciu o probabilistyczną charakterystykę występowania zdarzeń. Wykorzystując fakt, że zachodzi związek przyczynowo-skutkowy pomiędzy warstwami piramidy, proponujemy algorytm identyfikujący przejścia z jednego stopnia zagrożenia sytuacją specjalną do innego stopnia takiego zagrożenia. Algorytm ten może być wykorzystany do opracowania urządzenia pokładowego, które ma za zadanie informować pilota o dynamice przejść z jednej sytuacji do drugiej i sygnalizować każdą sytuację awaryjną określonym kolorem.

10

Measures taken by the European Union Agency for Aviation Safety to ensure aviation safety

Fortońska Agnieszka

Journal of KONBiN

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2021

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Vol. 51, iss. 2

117--125

EN

The author will discuss the subject of aviation safety. The measures taken by EASA to maintain the high standard of aviation safety will be identified. At the same time, the paper will present the genesis of the establishment of the European Union Agency for Aviation Safety.

PL

Autorka poruszy tematykę bezpieczeństwa lotniczego. Zostaną wskazane środki stosowane przez EASA, aby utrzymać wysoki standard bezpieczeństwa lotniczego. Jednocześnie, w referacie zostanie przedstawiona geneza powstania Agencji Unii Europejskiej ds. Bezpieczeństwa Lotniczego.

11

Wildlife Hazard Management in planning airports

Skakuj Michał, Łukasik Dorota

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2020

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z. 130

85--94

EN

Worldwide anthropogenic changes influence complex aviation-wildlife relationships. Wildlife Hazard Management (WHM) should include nature conservation. The number of bird strikes continuously increases parallel to growth of air traffic and airport infrastructure. In Poland, ca. 200 bird species have been recorded at aerodromes of which some 30 are considered hazardous to aviation. Analysis of wildlife hazard to aviation should be a part of the preliminary documentation for planned aerodromes. Identification and bird strike risk assessment allow preparation of Wildlife Hazard Management plan which includes pro- and reactive mitigation measures. The measures should consider the most up-to-date available WHM tools, including available radar systems. Operational manuals should include the Wildlife Hazard Management as their inherent part already in the planning phase. This requires systemic and interdisciplinary cooperation both at the airport level and at the level of national air traffic safety management. It should include state authorities but also non-governmental organizations involved in nature protection.

PL

Światowe zmiany antropogeniczne, w tym klimatyczne, wpływają na relacje lotnictwo–środowisko także w obszarze bezpieczeństwa lotniczego i ochrony przyrody. Zarządzanie Zagrożeniami Środowiskowymi powinno uwzględniać ochronę przyrody. Liczba kolizji z ptakami stale rośnie równolegle do wzrostu ruchu lotniczego i rozwoju sieci lotnisk i lądowisk. W Polsce na lotniskach stwierdzono ok. 200 gatunków ptaków, z czego około 30 zagraża bezpieczeństwu lotnictwa. Analizy zagrożeń środowiskowych, w tym dotyczących kolizji ptaków ze statkami powietrznymi, powinny być częścią wymaganej dokumentacji przyrodniczej dla planowanych lotnisk. Pozwoli to na identyfikację i ocenę ryzyka oraz przygotowanie planu zarządzania środowiskiem z uwzględnieniem efektywnych pro- oraz reaktywnych metod zmniejszania ryzyka. Rozwiązania powinny obejmować nowoczesne, zaawansowane narzędzia podnoszenia bezpieczeństwa lotów, w tym także możliwości jakie dają istniejące systemy radarowe. Zarządzanie Zagrożeniami Środowiskowymi powinno być integralną częścią dokumentacji operacyjnej portu lotniczego już na etapie jego planowania. Wymaga to, zarówno na poziomie portu lotniczego jak i krajowego zarządzania bezpieczeństwem ruchu lotniczego, ustanowienia systemowej i interdyscyplinarnej współpracy. Powinna ona obejmować zarówno organy i instytucje państwowe, jak i organizacje zajmujące się ochroną przyrody.

12

Safety Issues Addressing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operation

Kuzmenko Nataliia

Logistics and Transport

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2020

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Vol. 47-48, No. 3-4

103--119

EN

Safe integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles into the European aviation system is currently a top priority for supporting the aviation industry for the entire aviation community. The purpose of the article is consideration of aviation safety issues presenting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight data processing and collision avoidance techniques.

13

Proactive Airport Risk Management in the Context of Global Economics Sustainable Development Ensuring

Kharazishvili Yuri, Šimák Ladislav

Logistics and Transport

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2020

|

Vol. 47-48, No. 3-4

27--37

EN

Proactive airport risk management is an important element of general aviation safety. It is the best tool for ensuring such task as keeping sustainable level of national aviation and economic safety, which is very significant in term of globalization. The article presents the importance of proactive risk management, which is crucial to maintain the appropriate development of national economy.

14

Contemporary Challenges of International Science and Education in the Field of Aviation Safety and Security

Isaienko Volodymyr

Logistics and Transport

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2020

|

Vol. 47-48, No. 3-4

7--16

EN

The article concerns the activities of aviation safety and security institutions in the field of its standards, practices, technologies as also training programs within the international higher education and research institutions, which are National Aviation University and International University of Logistics and Transport in Wroclaw. The purpose of the following article is to pay attention to the civil aviation’s risks by practical experience in accordance with standards, technologies and education.

15

Contemporary Air Navigation System

Ostroumov Ivan

Logistics and Transport

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2020

|

Vol. 47-48, No. 3-4

39--45

EN

The article concerns all types of activities and services provided by air navigation, which duty is to guarantee the aviation safety and efficiency. Also, air navigation system has been discussed in context of procedures, surveillance and on-board equipment and types of navigations, which support the safety.

16

The Role Of Leadership In Aviation Safety And Aircraft Airworthiness

Ayiei Ayiei, Pollock Luke, Khan Fatima Najeeb, Murray John, Baxter Glenn, Wild Graham

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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2020

|

Iss. 12

1--14

EN

Ensuring aircraft are technically safe to operate is the realm of airworthiness, literally worthy of being in the air. This is achieved not only with technological tools and techniques, or with just personnel and manpower, it is guided and supervised by managers and leaders. As such, the objective of this paper is to understand the role leadership plays in maintaining aviation safety and aircraft airworthiness. To this end, a case study of the Hawker Sidley Nimrod XV230 accident that occurred on September 2, 2006 near Kandahar in Afghanistan, was utilized. The study concluded that leadership is a key aspect, specifically finding that leaders are responsible for articulating the organizations vision, strategic objective setting, and monitoring the achievement of those objectives. It was concluded that operational airworthiness is directly dependent on the leadership ability to provide direction, workplace culture, continued learning, and establish risk management systems for safe and airworthy operations.

17

Service Life Extension of Parachutes with Use of Non-Desctructive and Partially Destructive Testing Methods of Textile Materials

Szafran Krzysztof Stanisław, Kramarski Ireneusz

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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2020

|

Iss. 12

113--122

EN

The specificity of personal rescue and reserve parachutes is the fact that they are practically never used for jumping during their service life as they are intended for use only in emergency situations. Therefore, these parachutes throughout the entire period of use are only periodically aired and repacked every 6-12 months. Airing and repacking is necessary even if the parachute is only stored. Rescue and reserve parachutes’ components wear unevenly because the canopy with the suspension lines is inside the container and the cover, while the external components of the harness and the container undergo typical operational wear. Therefore, the service life of rescue parachutes can even reach 20 years (this refers to the canopy with the suspension lines alone). During normal exploitation, parachutes are subjected to non-destructive visual and tactile inspection in preparation for packing. When a parachute reaches its maximum service life, extension of its service life can be calculated based on its technical condition. The procedure for extending parachute’s service life involves non-destructive tests at a fabric air permeability test stand and partially destructive tests at the strength test stand. In the paper, both methods are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Also, observations some regarding the packers’ work and the desired new properties of raw materials that could be introduced to the parachute industry are presented.

18

Trends nad challenges in the aviation systems safety and cybersecurity

Zalewski Janusz, Kornecki Andrew

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2019

|

Vol. 23, No 2

159--175

EN

Aviation systems are an essential component of every nation’s critical infrastructure.Considering millions of passengers flying per year and busy airports, the safe and secure flightand traffic operation is of primary importance to the proper functioning of the society. This paper discusses fundamental problems of providing critical systems safety and cybersecurityin the aviation infrastructure including both airborne and ground systems such as avionics, navigation, air traffic control and management, as well as unmanned systems. It reviews the major challenges and current trends in providing viable solutions. Both industrial practices andresearch approaches are mentioned, including established methodologies and standards, as well as new developments in certification.

19

Analysis of the Aviation Safety Management System by Fractal and Statistical Tools

Bugayko Dmytro, Leshchynskyi Оleg, Sokolova Nataliya, Isaienko Volodymyr, Zamiar Zenon

Logistics and Transport

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2019

|

Vol. 44, No. 4

41--59

EN

World civil aviation is an open-source system that is affected by a large number of related and non-related factors. Aviation safety is one of the prioritized directions in the industry. Its managerial decision-making process is primarily based on a versatile analysis of security data in which the choice of the appropriate mathematical apparatus is fundamental. This article suggests applying fractal-statistical analysis to evaluate the aviation safety management system in terms of determining the random distribution of quantitative dynamics of aircraft crashes with lethal consequences in the period from 1946 to 2017. This allows us to verify the adequacy of probabilistic approaches appliance in analysing the dynamics of aviation disasters. The results of research carried out on the basis of the Hurst exponent have allowed us to conclude that the dynamics of aviation disasters is characterized by the effect of "spatial memory". In other words, these are "hidden laws", for which further investigation can become an effective tool for the development of proactive methods in managing aviation safety.

20

Fatigue Degradation of the Ram-Air Parachute Canopy Structure

Szafran Krzysztof Stanisław, Kramarski Ireneusz

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

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2019

|

Iss. 11

103--112

EN

In this work, the authors continue researching issues related to fatigue of aircraft structures made of fabrics. Parachute systems are widely used in military, sport and recreational aviation. Braking parachutes as well as skydiving and troop parachutes are characterized by the repeated use of parachute canopies, which are exposed to wear and fatigue. Until now, parachutes were difficult to design aviation systems due to their complex and unsteady opening characteristics, large changes in the geometry of canopies, suspension lines and tape risers as well as exposure to stochastic atmospheric turbulence. The fatigue of the canopy fabric, suspension lines and tape risers is a problem that must be addressed by textile designers and designers of reusable parachute systems. The authors of this work demonstrate the complexity of operating a parachute in hard multiple use conditions and propose ways to extend the parachute’s service life without compromising safety.