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Emulsions as vehicles for the controlled release of astaxanthin in topical application

Dymek Michał, Sikora Elżbieta

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 42, nr 4

439-–450

EN

In the work, the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (AST) and the influence of the base formulation on the kinetics of AST release were studied. Three stable O/W AST-loaded emulsions, differing in droplet size (12.7 m(E1), 3.8 m(E2), 3.2 m(E3)) and a nanoemulsion (0.13 m, NE) were prepared. The results confirmed very strong antioxidant activity of AST. The emulsion internal phase droplet size did not significantly affect the AST release. The amount of released AST was respectively: 13.60% (E1), 11.42% (E2), 9.45% (E3), 9.71% (NE). The best fit to experimental data was obtained using the Higuchi model for emulsions and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for NE. The results show that the AST release process is limited by the diffusion through carriers and the prepared O/W emulsions can be applied as vehicles for delivery of astaxanthin to the skin, ensuring effective anti-aging action of the cosmetics.

2

Raki słodkowodne w Polsce - potencjał surowcowy, wartości odżywcze, aspekty technologiczne

Śmietana N., Panicz R., Śmietana P.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2017

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T. 71, nr 7

33--36

PL

W branży przetwórczej coraz częściej uwagę przyciągają surowce pozyskiwane z organizmów, które ze względu na rozmaite, czasami problematyczne aspekty związane z dostępnością, przetwórstwem bądź zagospodarowaniem uzysku straciły w swoim czasie na atrakcyjności. Grupą takich organizmów w Polsce są raki słodkowodne. Obecnie w wodach Polski występują cztery gatunki raków: szlachetny (Astacus astacus), błotny (Astacus (Pontastacus) leptodactylus), pręgowaty (pręgowany) (Orconectes limosus) oraz sygnałowy (Pacifastacus lenisculus). Stale rosnące wymagania współczesnego konsumenta oraz nowoczesne rozwiązania technologiczne spowodowały, że organizmy te są uważane za potencjalne źródło surowców jadalnych i niejadalnych. Mięso raków charakteryzuje się małą zawartością tłuszczu (0,8-2,8%) i stosunkowo wysoką zawartością białka (18-20%). Jednakże ze względu na ograniczoną ilość mięsa (12-18%) poszukuje się sposobów ich skuteczniejszego wykorzystania. Dlatego też obecnie szuka się sposobów efektywnego zagospodarowania pancerzy raków jako źródła barwników (astaksantyna), biopolimerów (chitozan) bądź koncentratów białkowych, które produkuje się z oddzielonych fragmentów miękkich raka. Aby określić realne możliwości przemysłowego wykorzystania raków, należy zweryfikować potencjał surowcowy, rozważyć konieczność stosowania rozwiązań technologicznych umożliwiających łatwe odzyskanie surowca mięsnego oraz zagospodarowanie produktów ubocznych, a także przeprowadzić dogłębną analizę ekonomiczną.

EN

More than ever, today processing industry seeks for new solutions to extract various products from diverse organisms, which due to numerous and problematic issues (constant availability, lack of technological solutions, handling and processing problems) were abandoned in the past. Within this group, species of freshwater crayfish play a substantial role, and in Poland four species from this group exist: noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus (Pontastacus) leptodactylus), spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus lenisculus). Growing expectations of the contemporary customers and innovative technological solutions lead to situation in which crayfish are regarded as potential source of edible and inedible raw materials. Crayfish flesh has a low fat kontent (0.8-2.8%) and is relatively rich in protein (18-20%). However, due to low meat share (12-18%) science and industry initiatives quest for efficient methods to utilize by-products as, to a some extent, it was designed for processing of carapace (biopolymer chitosane, pigment astaxanthin) and protein concentrates produced from extracted soft parts of crayfish. In order to fully evaluate availability of crayfish raw material it is crucial to define year-round availability of crayfish, develop or redesign technological solutions to extract crayfish meat and process by-products, and what most important perform an economic analysis.

3

A simplified and small-scale sample preparation technique for determining astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester in hen’s egg yolk

Furusawa N.

Acta Chromatographica

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2014

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Vol. 26, no. 4

587--597

EN

This paper described a fast, simple, and small scale method of sample preparation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled photodiode array (PDA) detector for simultaneous quantification of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester in hen’s egg yolk. The HPLC-PDA was performed on a C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase. Analytes were extracted from the sample using a handheld ultrasonic homogenizer, and purified by MonoSpin®-SI, a centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini-columns, and quantified within 30 min. The proposed method obtained average recoveries for the three analytes in the range of 70.5–101.1% with relative standard deviations ≤5.0%. The quantitation limits were 0.3 μg g -1 for AX, 0.5 μg/g for CX, and 1.0 μg g−1 for ACAEE, respectively.

4

Mikrobiologiczna produkcja karotenoidów

Błaszczyk U., Sroka P.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2013

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T. 67, nr 5

32--35

PL

Karotenoidy to związki terpenowe o uznanym korzystnym oddziaływaniu na zdrowie człowieka, produkowane przez rośliny wyższe, a także mikroalgi, drożdże, grzyby strzępkowe oraz bakterie. Karotenoidy pochodzenia mikrobiologicznego są obiecującą alternatywą dla syntetycznych barwników. Kilka mikroorganizmów, takich jak Dunaliella salina, Blakeslea tri spora czy Haematococcus pluvialis, zostało zbadanych pod kątem produkcji karotenoidów na dużą skalę. Niektóre procesy i technologie z udziałem mikroorganizmów wdrożono z powodzeniem do produkcji przemysłowej.

EN

Carotenoids are terpenoid compounds with recognized beneficial effects on human health, which are synthesized de novo in higher plants, microalgae, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. Microbial carotenoids are a promising alternative to synthetic pigments. Several microorganisms such as Dunaliella salina, Blakeslea trispora or Haematococcus pluvialis have been investigated for large-scale production of carotenoids. Some microbial-based processes and technologies have been successfully implemented in industrial production of these pigments.

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Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in the copepod Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda, Calanoida) during ontogenetic development [commun.]

Lotocka M., Styczyńska-Jurewicz E.

Oceanologia

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2001

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No. 43 (4)

487-497

EN

The contents of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters were studied in natural populations of the copepod Acartia bifilosa from the Pomeranian Bay and Gulf of Gdansk in the southern Baltic Sea. Samples dominated by any one of three developmental groups: (1) nauplii, (2) copepodids I-III and (3) copepodids IV-V and adults of Acartia bifilosa were analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As ontogenetic development progressed, significant changes occurred in the proportion of particular pigments in the total pigment pool of the various developmental groups. Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin occurred in all the groups, the former being clearly dominant. However, an increasing percentage of astaxanthin esters was recorded in the copepodids I-III, and even more in the copepodids IV-V and adults group. Most probably, astaxanthin is the main pigment active in copepod lipid metabolism. Carotenoid pigments in copepods very likely act as efficient free-electron quenchers and may be involved as antioxidants in rapid lipid metabolism. The exogenously feeding stages (late nauplii and copepodids) transform plant carotenoids taken from food and are evidently capable of metabolising astaxanthin by esterification and further degradation. It is emphasised that, according to literature data, astaxanthin esters may have an even higher quenching ability. It is suggested that crustacean carotenoid pigments, with their electron donor-acceptor abilities, may replace oxygen in peroxidation processes connected with lipid metabolism. The consequences of such a physiological role of astaxanthin for present-day estimations of energy balances in zooplankton communities are mentioned.