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1

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment with emphasis on horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes

Prasad Majeti N. V., Elchuri Sailaja V.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2022

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R. 27, NR 1-2

35--51

EN

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) discharged into environment has several adverse impacts. PPCPs are widely utilised for veterinary as well as cosmetic and personal health reasons. These are members of the expanding class of substances known as Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). Antibiotic resistance in the environment and garbage generated by PPCP endanger life. The World Health Organisation (WHO) now recognises antibiotic resistance as a significant global health problem due to the expected increase in mortality caused by it. In the past ten years, mounting data has led experts to believe that the environment has a significant impact on the development of resistance. For human diseases, the external environment serves as a source of resistance genes. It also serves as a major pathway for the spread of resistant bacteria among various habitats and human populations. Large-scale DNA sequencing methods are employed in this thesis to better comprehend the dangers posed by environmental antibiotic resistance. The quantification of the number is an important step in this process. Metagenomic measurement of the number of antibiotic resistance genes in various contexts is a crucial step in this process. However, it’s also crucial to put this data into a broader context by integrating things like taxonomic information, antibiotic concentrations, and the genomic locations of found resistance genes.

2

Wybrane aspekty występowania enterokoków w serach tradycyjnych

Pluta Antoni Stanisław, Garbowska Monika, Stasiak-Różańska Lidia, Berthold-Pluta Anna

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2021

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nr 2

134--142

PL

Enterokoki są dobrze przystosowane do funkcjonowania w środowisku sera i wraz z innymi bakteriami mlekowymi stanowią grupę niestarterowych bakterii mlekowych. Ich aktywność proteolityczna i lipolityczna przyczynia się do rozwoju typowych właściwości sensorycznych serów. Dzięki wytwarzaniu bakteriocyn enterokoki wpływają na mikrobiotę sera, z jednej strony ograniczając ewentualny rozwój drobnoustrojów patogennych i powodujących psucie a z drugiej strony stymulują procesy autolityczne innych bakterii mlekowych. Dzięki tym cechom drobnoustroje te mają potencjał do stosowania jako kultury dodatkowe lub ochronne do serów. Niektóre gatunki Enterococcus wykazują cechy wirulencji i antybiotykooporność i z tego powodu rodzaj ten nie posiada statusu QPS (qualified presumption of safety).

EN

Enterococci are well adapted to function in the cheese environment and, along with other lactic acid bacteria, constitute a group of non-starter lactic bacteria. Their proteolytic and lipolytic activity contributes to the development of typical sensory properties of cheeses. By producing bacteriocins, enterococci influence the cheese microbiota, on the one hand, limiting the possible development of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, and, on the other hand, stimulating the autolytic processes of other lactic bacteria. Due to these characteristics, enterococci have the potential to be used as adjunct or protective cultures for cheeses. Some Enterococcus species show virulence and antibiotic resistance and therefore the genus does not have qualified presumption of safety status (QPS).

3

Monitorowanie oporności na antybiotyki

Żabicka D.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2017

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nr 7-8

27--31

PL

Oporność na antybiotyki jest obecnie jednym z najważniejszych zagadnień programów ochrony zdrowia na świecie. Praca omawia zasady i cele monitorowania oporności na antybiotyki oraz krajowe i międzynarodowe programy monitorowania oporności, w tym Europejską Sieć Monitorowania Oporności na Antybiotyki (ang. European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network, EARS-Net), koordynowaną przez Europejskie Centrum Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorób (ECDC), i Globalny System Monitorowania Oporności na Antybiotyki (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, GLASS), koordynowany przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia (WHO).

EN

Antimicrobial resistance is now one of the leading subjects of healthcare worldwide. The article describes the purpose and scope of the antimicrobial resistance surveillance, as well as national and international antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs, including the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net), coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC), and the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO).

4

Culturable airborne bacteria and isolation of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from outdoor environments on European side of Istanbul, Turkey

Sivri N., Bağcıgil A. F., Metiner K., Şeker D. Z., Orak S., Durak S. G., Sönmez V. Z.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 3

77--86

EN

This study is aimed to investigate culturable airborne bacteria concentrations and the composition of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in eleven different locations on the basis of specific activities conducted within different parts of the European side of Istanbul. The highest bacterial levels were observed at the Bakirkoy station (1 100 CFU/m3) while the second highest levels were found at the Bahcelievler station (1 040 CFU/m3) in October; the lowest levels (10 CFU/m3) were measured at other different stations (Atakoy, Yesilkoy). Fifteen methicillin-resistant isolates [Staphylococcus hominis (n=11), S. cohnii spp. cohnii (n=2), S. sciuri (n=1), S. capitis spp. capitis (n=1)] were identified. The disc diffusion method was used to identify the antimicrobial resistance of these isolates, it was observed that the most common resistance was to penicillin (P) (n=11), doxycycline (DO) (n=4) and tetracycline (T) (n=5). None of the isolates was resistant to imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin (IPM, AMC, VA). However, multiple antimicrobial resistance was found to be 26.7%. The results of this study revealed the importance of isolated methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the stations with densely active human population and traffic, for public health. As a result, the importance of resting along known shorelines, where culturable airborne bacteria concentrations are much lower, and its importance for human health have been emphasized.