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Detection of multi-nutrients deficiency in cereal plants by the use of chlorophyll fluorescence

Jaszczuk Zuzanna M., Bąba Wojciech

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

224--233

EN

Nutrient deficiency (ND) stands as a prominent environmental factor that significantly impacts global plant growth and productivity. While numerous methods have been employed for detecting nutrient deficiencies in plants, many of them are invasive, time-consuming, and costly. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) signals have emerged as a non-destructive tool for the identification of specific nutrient deficiencies, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), across various plant species. In this pioneering study, ChlF measurements were employed for the first time to detect a combination of nutrient deficiencies, including deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphorus (-NP), nitrogen and potassium (-NK), potassium and phosphorus (-KP), and a complete NPK deficiency (-NPK). The experiment was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) plants, which were grown under controlled laboratory conditions. An optimal hydroponic system was established to facilitate eight experimental conditions, namely: control, -N, -P, -K, -NP, -NK, -KP, and -NPK. Measurements were systematically collected at two-day intervals over a span of 24 days. Our findings demonstrate that chlorophyll fluorescence signals can enable the differentiation of various nutrient deficiencies even prior to the onset of observable symptoms. Furthermore, the examination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters enables us not only to identify a singular macronutrient deficiency but also to detect multiple macronutrient deficiencies concurrently in a plant.

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Efficiency of Probiotic Application for the Remediation of Contaminated Soils in Agrocenoses

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Mostoviak Ivan, Lavrinenko Inna, Shpyrna Vladyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

94--99

EN

The problem of soil contamination is relevant today. Soil contamination is generally associated with intensive industrial activities, inadequate waste management, mining, military activities, or accidents. Pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) are accumulating in soil and have major indirect impacts on biodiversity, quality of groundwater resources, and food safety. Soil contamination of agricultural land is a particular threat. Due to the military action and other conditions, the numbers of sites where potentially polluting activities have taken place are increasing in Ukraine. The cultivation of agricultural crops on soils with a medium or high level of toxicity is only possible after the remediation of this area. The use of biological methods to intensify soil remediation processes, thereby reducing the additional burden on the environment, is becoming more widespread. The application of probiotics is an innovative and ecological method for the restoration of contaminated soils. This will enable to improve the conceptual approaches to the implementation of an ecologically safe model for the restoration of contaminated land under the conditions of military action in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to assess the phytotoxic effect of soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products before and after probiotic application. The seedling method was used to determine the remediation potential of contaminated soils. An express test of Triticum aestivum was used to determine soil phytotoxicity. The research results show the negative impact of soil contamination with heavy metals and petroleum products on the biometric indices of Triticum aestivum plants and positive dynamics of biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in variants after probiotic treatment (86–92% compared to the control). The obtained data show that a significant phytotoxic effect is observed by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in all studied variants. The highest phytotoxic effect (33.56–42.70%) was observed in variants with combined contamination (PP+Zn+Pb). The results of probiotic application show a phytotoxic effect of less than 20% by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum for all studied variants. Therefore, the results of the research can be used to develop recommendations for the remediation of land contaminated by military actions in Ukraine and the creation of sustainable agroecosystems.

3

CropSyst model for wheat under deficit irrigation using sprinkler and drip irrigation in sandy soil

Noreldin T., Ouda S., Mounzer O., Abdelhamid M. T.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2015

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no. 26

57--64

EN

CropSyst (Cropping Systems Simulation) is used as an analytic tool for studying irrigation water management to increase wheat productivity. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted to 1) calibrate CropSyst model for wheat grown under sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, 2) to use the simulation results to analyse the relationship between applied irrigation amount and the resulted yield and 3) to simulate the effect of saving irrigation water on wheat yield. Drip irrigation system in three treatments (100%, 75% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc) and under sprinkler irrigation system in five treatments (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of ETc) were imposed on these experiments. Results using CropSyst calibration revealed that results of using CropSyst calibration revealed that the model was able to predict wheat grain and biological yield, with high degree of accuracy. Using 100% ETc under drip system resulted in very low water stress index (WSI = 0.008), whereas using 100% ETc sprinkler system resulted in WSI = 0.1, which proved that application of 100% ETc enough to ensure high yield. The rest of deficit irrigation treatments resulted in high yield losses. Simulation of application of 90% ETc not only reduced yield losses to either irrigation system, but also increased land and water productivity. Thus, it can be recommended to apply irrigation water to wheat equal to 90% ETc to save on the applied water and increase water productivity.

PL

CrosSyst (ang. Cropping Systems Simulation) wykorzystano jako narzędzie analityczne do zarządzania wodą do nawodnień w celu zwiększenia produktywności pszenicy. Przeprowadzono dwa eksperymenty terenowe w celu: 1) kalibracji modelu CropSyst w odniesieniu do pszenicy uprawianej w warunkach nawodnień deszczownianych i kroplowych, 2) zastosowania wyników symulacji do analizy zależności między wielkością nawodnień a plonem i 3) symulacji wpływu oszczędności wody użytej do nawodnień na plon pszenicy. W eksperymentach zastosowano trzy warianty nawodnień kroplowych (100%, 75% i 50% ewapotranspiracji – ETc) i pięć wariantów nawadniania deszczownianego (100%, 80%, 60%, 40% i 20% ETc). Wyniki kalibracji wykazały, że wartość RMSE wynosiła 0,03 i 0,14 t·ha–1 odpowiednio dla ziarna i biomasy. Model umożliwiał symulację dobowego stresu wodnego w ciągu całego sezonu wegetacyjnego. W wariancie 90% ETc nie tylko stwierdzono zmniejszenie strat plonu w każdym z systemów nawodnień, ale także zwiększenie produktywności wody. Dlatego można zalecić stosowanie dawki 90% ETc w celu oszczędności wody i zwiększenia jej produktywności.

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Mikroflora epifityczna triticum aestivum l. wokół składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Tarnowie-Krzyżu

Chmiel M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2010

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T. 10, z. 2

29-38

PL

Badania mikrobiologiczne, prowadzone wokół składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Tarnowie- Krzyżu, miały na celu zbadanie wpływu czynnego składowiska na skład mikroflory epifitycznej. W ramach doświadczenia badano skład ilościowy i jakościowy mikroflory (bakterie, promieniowce, pleśnie i drożdże) pszenicy ozimej odmiany Żura w zależności od sezonu wegetacyjnego, wieku rośliny i lokalizacji uprawy. Ponad 90% izolowanych drobnoustrojów badanych roślin stanowiły bakterie i drożdże. Czynnikiem istotnie różnicującym skład ilościowy mikroflory epifitycznej, niezależnie od punktu badawczego, był wiek rośliny. Czynnikiem różnicującym skład jakościowy mikroflory było stanowisko badawcze. Najrzadziej izolowano promieniowce, które były reprezentowane przez przedstawicieli rodzaju Streptomyces. Skład mikroflory epifitycznej roślin ze stanowiska oddzielonego od czynnego składowiska lasem odbiegał od składu mikroepifitów roślin z pozostałych poletek, co sugeruje inne pochodzenie drobnoustrojów niż w przypadku pozostałych stanowisk. Na poletkach zlokalizowanych najbliżej czynnego sektora składowiska kilkakrotnie stwierdzano występowanie gronkowców, Escherichia coli i grzybów pleśniowych z gatunku Aspergillus flavus, z czego wynika, że obiekt ten może być źródłem ich pochodzenia, mającym wpływ na kształtowanie się składu jakościowego mikroflory.

EN

Microbiological studies carried out in Tarnów-Krzyż aimed at analysing the effect of active waste dumping site on the composition of epiphytic microflora. The number and composition of microflora (bacteria, actinomycetes, mould fungi and yeasts) on winter wheat of the Żura variety were analysed in relation to season, plant's age and location of the crop. Bacteria and yeasts constituted over 90% of the isolated microorganisms from the tested plants. Plant's age was the important factor in differentiating the number of epiphytic microflora irrespective of the study site. The site was the factor important for the composition of microorganisms. Actinomycetes represented by Streptomyces species were the least frequently isolated microorganisms. The composition of epiphytic microflora from sites separated by forest from waste dumping site was different from that of other plots, which suggests different origin of these microorganisms. In plots located nearest to the active part of the dumping site, Staphylococci, Escherichia coli and the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus were found several times. This may indicate the dumping site as a potential source of microorganisms which may influence the composition of plants' microflora.