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The study of the evolution of the microstructure and creep properties of Super 304H austenitic stainless steel after aging for up to 50,000 h

Zieliński A., Wersta R., Sroka Marek

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e89, 1--24

EN

The paper discusses several aspects of degradation of Super 304H steel subjected to long-term aging up to 50,000 h at 650 and 750°C. The study includes microstructure examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy along with X-ray microanalysis of a wide range of precipitates. The Super 304H steel has a structure characteristic for austenitic steels with annealing twins and single primary NBX precipitates of various sizes. Long-term aging leads to precipitation of several phases such as M23C6, MX carbides, σ phases, Z phase and ε-Cu phase. The precipitation processes lead to changes in the creep strength of the tested steel, the value of which strongly depends on the aging temperature used, which is measurably shown by the creep tests carried out with the elongation measured during the test.

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Impact of long-term ageing on σ phase precipitation process in steels with austenitic matrix

Zieliński Adam

Journal of Metallic Materials

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2020

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Vol. 72, no. 4

31--39

EN

Super 304H, HR3C and Sanicro 25 grade austenitic matrix steels are used in the construction of pressure components of boilers with supercritical operating parameters. The article presents the results of microstructure examination in delivery condition and after ageing for up to 50,000 hours at 700°C. The microstructure examination was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The precipitates were identified using transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the study analysed the σ phase precipitation process and its dynamics depending on the ageing time. It has been shown that the intermetallic σ phase plays a significant role in the loss of durability of the tested steel. It is related to its significant increase due to the influence of high temperature, and its coagulation and coalescence dynamics strongly depend on the ageing/operating temperature level. The qualitative and quantitative identification of the intermetallic σ phase precipitation process described in the study is important in the analysis of the loss of durability of the tested steels under creep conditions.

PL

Stale o osnowie austenitycznej w gatunkach Super 304H, HR3C i Sanicro 25 stosowane są w budowie elementów ciśnieniowych kotłów o nadkrytycznych parametrach pracy. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań mikrostruktury w stanie dostawy oraz po starzeniu do 50 000 godzin w temperaturze 700°C. Badania mikrostruktury wykonano wykorzystując skaningową i transmisyjną mikroskopię elektronową. Identyfikację występujących wydzieleń przeprowadzono przy użyciu transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej. W pracy w szczególności analizowano proces wydzieleniowy fazy σ i jego dynamikę w zależności od czasu starzenia. Pokazano, że międzymetaliczna faza σ odgrywa istotny wpływ na utratę trwałości badanej stali. Związane jest to z jej znacznym wzrostem wskutek oddziaływania wysokiej temperatury, a jej dynamika koagulacji i koalescencji zależy silnie od poziomu temperatury starzenia/eksploatacji. Identyfikacja jakościowa i ilościowa opisanego w pracy procesu wydzieleniowego międzymetalicznej fazy σ ma istotne znaczenie w analizie utraty trwałości badanych stali w warunkach pełzania.

3

Study of the Weldability of Austenitic PH Steel for Power Plants

Ziewiec A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2B

1109--1114

EN

The article presents the results of Transvarestraint test of a modern precipitation hardened steel X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3 with copper. For comparison, the results of tests of conventional steel without the addition of copper X5CrNi18-10 are presented. The total length of all cracks and the maximum length of cracks were measured. The study of microstructure (LM, SEM) showed that the austenitic stainless steel X10CrNiCuNb18-9-3 is very prone to hot cracking. After performing the Transvarestraint tests three types of cracks were observed: solidification cracks occurring during crystallization, liquation cracks due to segregation in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and surface cracks. Niobium carbonitrides dispersed in the bands of segregation are the reason of high susceptibility to liquation cracking. Segregation of copper occurring during solidification causes of surface cracking. A combined effect of copper and stresses contributes to formation of hot microcracks. These microcracks propagate to a depth of 20-30 μm.