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  1. 3 Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
  2. 2 Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
  3. 2 Archives of Thermodynamics
  4. 2 International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
  5. 2 Logistyka
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  1. 5 Szymak P.
  2. 2 Ceran B.
  3. 2 Chmielowiec J.
  4. 2 Januszko R.
  5. 2 Khazaee I.
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  1. 2 2023
  2. 2 2021
  3. 1 2019
  4. 3 2018
  5. 3 2016
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1
Content available Simulating energy management in a lightweight hybrid vehicle with fuel cells and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries
Harahap Dedy Ramdhani, Chang Wei-Chin, Chiu Chun Chieh, Tang Jing-Jou
Mining Machines
|
2023
|
vol. 41, iss. 4
261--273
EN
A compact electric vehicle was simulated utilizing the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR), a MATLAB/Simulink-based program. The primary power source for the vehicle was a 200W small Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, complemented by AA-type Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries serving as backup energy sources. Each NiMH battery had a voltage of 1.2V and a capacity of 1.9Ah. The performance of both the PEM fuel cell and the NiMH batteries was evaluated using an electronic load to meet the power requirements of the hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle operated in three distinct modes: Starting Mode, Accelerating Mode, and Steady Mode, each with its specific configurations. Simulation results revealed that the batteries successfully initiated the drivetrain in the Starting Mode, while the fuel cell provided support during the Accelerating Mode. InSteady Mode, as the battery state of charge decreased, the PEM fuel cell seamlessly supported the battery andpowered the load simultaneously. Various matching schemes were analyzed to meet thedynamic performance requirements of the vehicle and achieve theoptimal synergy between the fuel cell and NiMH battery. The study aimed to identify the most effective configuration to ensure efficient energy management and dynamic performance in different operational modes of the hybrid vehicle.
2
Content available Multi-symptom measurement based fault detection of the PEM fuel cell system
Polak Adam, Kluczyk Marcin
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
|
2023
|
Vol. 33, no. 2
197--205
EN
The proper functioning of the fuel cell system depends on the proper operation of all its subsystems. One of the key subsystems is the oxidant supply system, which is responsible for supplying oxygen for the electrochemical reaction taking place in the cell. It also transports the reaction products, i.e., water, outside the fuel cell stack, and in some cases removes excess heat generated in the stack. Changes in the technical condition of machine individual elements always result in changes in operating or residual parameters; however, it is necessary to select appropriate diagnostic methods to be able to use these changes to assess the machine’s technical condition. This article presents the results of research focused on assessing the possibilities of diagnosing the oxidant supply subsystem, in particular, too low an oxidant flow leading to oxygen starvation and cathode flooding, based on the analysis of the voltage occurring in individual cells of the stack as well as on the basis of vibration and acoustic emission (AE) measurements. The presented results show that the faulty operation of that system can be indicated either through electrical and vibroacoustic/acoustic emission measurements.
3
Content available remote A comparative study of two energy management schemes for a fuel-cell hybrid power system of four-wheel-drive electric vehicle
Soumeur Mohammed Amine, Gasbaoui Brahim, Hartani Mohammed Amine, Abdelkhalek Othmane
Journal of Power Technologies
|
2021
|
Vol. 101, nr 1
34--43
EN
This papers investigates energy management strategies (EMSs) for the hybrid Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell four-wheel-drive electric vehicle (4WDEV). A comparative study of two EMSs for 4WDEV hybrid powertrain source was carried out with a view to improving the vehicle's dynamic response during transients and minimizing hydrogen consumption. Three distributed energy resources (DERs), with the PEM Fuel Cell as the primary source, power the 4WDEV vehicle. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) includes batteries and supercapacitor devices as the backup unit, in addition to covering autonomy hours. The proposed EMS aims to ensure optimal operation of the vehicle at variable motor speed and torque, taking into consideration the boundaries of the storage devices such as the states of charge and the DC bus voltage.
4
Content available Exergetic sustainability indicators of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell at variable operating conditions
Xu Bing, Chen Yan, Ma Zheshu
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2021
|
Vol. 42, no 1
183--204
EN
Based on the exergetic sustainability indicators of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, this paper studied the effects of irreversibility of thermodynamics on some exergetic sustainability indicators of PEM fuel cell under changing operating temperature, operating pressure and current density. Some conclusions are drawn by analyzing the curves. As the operating temperature increases, the negative impact of PEM fuel cell on various parameters due to irreversibility decreases; As the operating pressure increases, the negative impact of PEM fuel cell on various parameters due to irreversibility decreases; On the other hand, with the increase of current density, the negative impact of the PEM fuel cell on various parameters due to irreversibility increases.
5
Content available Robust Diagnosis of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Bond Graph Methodology – Physical and Electrical Faults Detection and Isolation
Sallami Abderrahmene, Mzoughi Dhia, Allagui Hatem, Mami Abdelkader
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2019
|
Vol. 13, no 4
194--203
EN
Fuel cells are currently experiencing an invigorating resurgence, both at the industrial and research levels. Diagnosis of stack performance is of importance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) research. In this paper, a bond graph (BG) approach was used for modelling, simulation and robust diagnosis of a PEMFC. In literature, several PEMFC diagnosis methodologies were outlined in terms of efficiency and applicability. This paper described the linear fractional transformations (LFT) method to make it capable for handling the PEMFC diagnostics; an approach based on LFT-BG was developed to diagnose hydration and cells deterioration faults that may occur within a fuel cell. Simulation and experimental diagnostic testing results of a 1.2 kW Nexa fuel cell were presented and used to show the dynamic behaviour of the system variables and assessing the performance of the observer.
6
Content available Wykorzystanie ogniwa paliwowego z membraną polimerową do zasilania pojazdu nawodnego
Szymak P., Januszko R.
Przetwórstwo Tworzyw
|
2018
|
T. 24, Nr 2 (182)
47--55
PL
Niestabilne ceny ropy naftowej, czy też aspekty ekologiczne związane z redukcją emisji dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery przyczyniły się do poszukiwań nowych źródeł energii. Jedną z technologii nowych źródeł energii elektrycznej, gwałtownie rozwijających się w ostatnim czasie są ogniwa paliwowe, m.in. z membraną polimerową, charakteryzujące się wysoką gęstością energetyczną oraz sprawnością w porównaniu do klasycznych źródeł energii elektrycznej, czyli akumulatorów. Z uwagi na ekologiczną, efektywną i cichą pracę technologia ta znajduje zastosowanie w wielu różnych urządzeniach. W niniejszym artykule zajęto się problemem zastosowania technologii ogniw paliwowych z membraną polimerową PEMFC (ang. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) do zasilania elektrycznego bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodnego BPN w zastosowaniach militarnych. W ramach zrealizowanej pracy opracowano scenariusze misji rozpoznawczej dla BPN, opracowano symulator systemu zasilania BPN, bazujący na ogniwach paliwowych oraz przeprowadzono testy numeryczne.
EN
Unstable oil prices, or ecological aspects associated with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, have contributed to the search for new sources of energy. One of the technologies of new sources of electricity, rapidly developing in recent years are fuel cells, among others with a polymer membrane, characterized by high energy density and efficiency compared to conventional sources of electricity, i.e. batteries. Due to its ecological, efficient and quiet operation, this technology is used in many different devices. This article deals with the use of the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) fuel cell technology for the electrical supply of unmanned surface vehicle USV in military applications. As part of the work carried out, scenarios of reconnaissance missions were developed for USV, USV fuel cell simulator was developed, and numerical tests were performed.
7
Content available Dynamic characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module
Cieśliński J. T., Kaczmarczyk T. Z., Dawidowicz B.
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2018
|
Vol. 39, no 4
125–-140
EN
The paper describes a fuel cell based system and its performance. The system is based on two fuel cell units, DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter, microprocessor control unit, load unit, bottled hydrogen supply system and a set of measurement instruments. In the study presented in the paper a dynamic response of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system to unit step change load as well as to periodical load changing cycles in the form of semi-sinusoidal and trapezoidal signals was investigated. The load was provided with the aid of an in-house-developed electronic load unit, which was fully PC controlled. The apparatus was commissioned by testing the steady-state operation of the module. The obtained efficiency of the fuel cell shows that the test apparatus used in the study provides data in substantial agreement with the manufacturer’s data.
8
Content available A new power management strategy for PV-FC-based autonomous DC microgrid
Bhat Nempu P., Sabhahit Jayalakshmi N.
Archives of Electrical Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 67, nr 4
815--828
EN
Solar energy is widely available in nature and electricity can be easily extracted using solar PV cells. A fuel cell being reliable and environment friendly becomes a good choice for the backup so as to compensate for continuously varying solar irradiation. This paper presents simple control schemes for power management of the DC microgrid consisting of PV modules and fuel cell as energy sources and a hydrogen electrolyzer system for storing the excess power generated. The supercapacitor bank is used as a short term energy storage device for providing the energy buffer whenever sudden fluctuations occur in the input power and the load demand. A new power control strategy is developed for a hydrogen storage system. The performance of the system is assessed with and without the supercapacitor bank and the results are compared. A comparative study of the voltage regulation of the microgrid is presented with the controller of the supercapacitor bank, realized using a traditional PI controller and an intelligent fuzzy logic controller.
9
Content available remote First experiences with a liquid organic hydrogen carrier and the influences on a PEM fuel cell
Gulden J., Sklarow A., Luschtinetz T.
Instal
|
2016
|
nr 12
23--24
EN
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are a promising form to store hydrogen. However, the process of dehydrogenation has to be demonstrated for applications with proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells which require very pure hydrogen. Here we document the measured degradation effects due to CO contamination on a PEM fuel cell that is supplied with hydrogen from a LOHC. In addition the possible causes for the occurrence of CO are discussed.
PL
Ciekłe organiczne nośniki wodoru (LOHC) są przyszłościowymi sposobami przechowywania wodoru. W pracy proces odwodornienia przedstawiono tylko dla zastosowań z ogniwami paliwowymi typu membranowa wymiana protonów (PEM), które wymagają bardzo czystego wodoru. W pracy zamieszczono wyniki pomiarów wpływu degradacji ogniwa paliwowego typu PEM, które jest zasilane wodorem z LOHC, w zależności od zawartości CO. Dodatkowo w artykule omówiono możliwość wystąpienia CO.
10
Content available remote Zastosowanie ogniw paliwowych PEM do zasilania elektrycznego bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodnego
Szymak P., Januszko R.
Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka
|
2016
|
nr 12
731--741
PL
Niestabilne ceny ropy naftowej, czy też aspekty ekologiczne związane z redukcją emisji dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery przyczyniły się do poszukiwań nowych źródeł energii. Jedną z technologii nowych źródeł energii elektrycznej, gwałtownie rozwijających się w ostatnim czasie są ogniwa paliwowe, charakteryzujące się wysoką gęstością energetyczną oraz sprawnością w porównaniu do klasycznych źródeł energii elektrycznej, czyli akumulatorów. Z uwagi na ekologiczną, efektywną i cichą pracę technologia ta znajduje zastosowanie w wielu różnych urządzeniach. W niniejszym artykule zajęto się problemem zastosowania technologii ogniw paliwowych do zasilania elektrycznego bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodnego BPN w zastosowaniach militarnych. W ramach zrealizowanej pracy opracowano scenariusze misji przeciwminowej dla BPN, opracowano symulator systemu zasilania BPN, bazujący na ogniwach paliwowych oraz przeprowadzono testy numeryczne.
EN
Unstable oil prices or the environmental aspects associated with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere have contributed to the search for new energy sources. One of the technologies for new sources of energy, rapidly developing in recent times, are the fuel cells with high power density and efficiency comparing to the conventional sources of electricity, i.e. batteries. Due to the ecological, efficient and quiet operation, this technology is used in many different devices. This article addresses the problem of using fuel cells to electric power of surface unmanned vehicle USV in military applications. Within the carried out work, scenario for counter-mine mission mine was designed, simulator of power supply system of USV, based on the fuel cells was developed and numerical tests were carried out.
11
Content available Designing a PID controller to control a fuel cell voltage using the imperialist competitive algorithm
Shamel A., Marefati M., Alayi R., Gholaminia B., Rohl H.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2016
|
Vol. 10, nr 30
176--181
EN
In this article, an optimized PID controller for a fuel cell is introduced. It should be noted that we did not compute the PID controller’s coefficients based on trial-and-error method; instead, imperialist competitive algorithms have been considered. At first, the problem will be formulated as an optimization problem and solved by the mentioned algorithm, and optimized results will be obtained for PID coefficients. Then one of the important kinds of fuel cells, called proton exchange membrane fuel cell, is introduced. In order to control the voltage of this fuel cell during the changes in the charges, an optimal controller is introduced, based on the imperialist competitive algorithm. In order to apply this algorithm, the problem is written as an optimization problem which includes objectives and constraints. To achieve the most desirable controller, this algorithm is used for problem solving. Simulations confirm the better performance of proposed PID controller.
12
Content available Analytical investigation and improvement of performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell in mobile applications
Khazaee I.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 20, no. 2
319--328
EN
In this study, the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in mobile applications is investigated analytically. At present the main use and advantages of fuel cells impact particularly strongly on mobile applications such as vehicles, mobile computers and mobile telephones. Some external parameters such as the cell temperature, operating pressure of gases (P) and air stoichiometry affect the performance and voltage losses in the PEM fuel cell. Because of the existence of many theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models of the PEM fuel cell, it is necessary to compare the accuracy of these models. But theoretical models that are obtained from thermodynamic and electrochemical approach, are very exact but complex, so it would be easier to use the empirical and smi-empirical models in order to forecast the fuel cell system performance In many applications such as mobile applications. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the semi-empirical relation of a PEM fuel cell with the least voltage losses. Also, the results are compared with the existing experimental results in the literature and a good agreement is seen.
13
Content available Application PEM fuel cells in distributed generation
Ceran B., Bernstein P. A.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2014
|
No. 79
157--163
EN
In this article the laboratory stand for testing the cooperation of three energy sources has been presented. The aspects of the use of PEM cells in distributed generation have been studied. The measurement results of parallel cooperation of the fuel cell with wind turbine and photovoltaic cell have been presented.
14
Content available remote Usability evaluation of PEM fuel cell and supercapacitors application in the Emergency Power Backup System
Malinowski M., Chmielowiec J., Paściak G., Świeboda T.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2013
|
R. 89, nr 8
201--204
EN
Evaluation of FC/SC-based UPS has been done in terms of energy containers usability in the power emergency generation system. The Uninterruptible Power Supply delivers electric support for connected loads basing on hydrogen energy direct conversion into electricity with aid of low-temperature PEM fuel cell and additional energy carriers – supercapacitors. The paper contains description of design and rules of operation, and measurement results that have been determined under various conditions to examine usefulness of FC/SC implementation.
PL
Na podstawie badań skonstruowanego zasilacza awaryjnego typu UPS bazującego na ogniwie paliwowym typu PEM-FC oraz dodatkowych magazynach energii – superkondensatorach, dokonano oceny sensowności wykorzystania tych zasobników energii w systemie awaryjnej generacji energii elektrycznej. Praca zawiera opis projektu i zasady działania oraz wyniki pomiarowe, otrzymane w różnych warunkach działania zasilacza.
15
Content available Numerical investigation of channel geometry on the performance of a PEM fuel cell
Khazaee I., Mohammadiun M.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 18, no. 1
85--98
EN
A complete three-dimensional and single phase model for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was used to investigate the effect of using different channels geometry on the performances, current density and gas concentration. The proposed model was a full cell model, which includes all the parts of the PEM fuel cell, flow channels, gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and the membrane. Coupled transport and electrochemical kinetics equations were solved in a single domain; therefore no interfacial boundary condition was required at the internal boundaries between cell components. This computational fluid dynamics code was employed as the direct problem solver, which was used to simulate the three-dimensional mass, momentum, energy and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC. The results showed that the predicted polarization curves by using this model were in good agreement with the experimental results and a high performance was observed by using circle geometry for the channels of anode and cathode sides. Also, the results showed that the performance of the fuel cell improved when a rectangular channel was used.
16
Content available Ocena przydatności zastosowania ogniwa paliwowego typu PEM-FC oraz superkondensatorów w układzie zasilania awaryjnego
Malinowski M., Paściak G., Chmielowiec J.
Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki
|
2012
|
Z. 259
43--44
PL
Na podstawie badań skonstruowanego zasilacza awaryjnego typu UPS bazującego na ogniwie paliwowym oraz superkondensatorach dokonano oceny sensowności wykorzystania powyższych zasobników energii w systemie awaryjnej generacji energii elektrycznej. Układ UPS zapewnia podtrzymanie podłączonych odbiorników elektrycznych dzięki bezpośredniej konwersji chemicznej energii wodoru na energię elektryczną, wykorzystując niskotemperaturowe ogniwo paliwowe (PEM-FC) oraz buforowe magazyny energii – superkondensatory. Implementacja układu typu stos ogniwa paliwowego – superkondensatory uwidacznia szereg ich zalet, w porównaniu do konwencjonalnych zasobników energii – akumulatorów. Zalicza się do nich długi czas pracy, duża ilość cykli ładowanie – rozładowanie, czy krótki czas osiągania ponownej gotowości do awaryjnego podtrzymywania zewnętrznych odbiorników. Jednak znane są również pewne wady tego typu rozwiązania będące głównie wynikiem zasady działania oraz sposobu obsługi ogniwa paliwowego. Praca zawiera opis budowy i sposobu działania zbudowanego zasilacza UPS oraz wyniki pomiarów wykonanych w warunkach zróżnicowanego obciążenia, na których podstawie porównano opisywaną konstrukcję do komercyjnie dostępnych, akumulatorowych zasilaczy UPS.
EN
Evaluation of FC/SC-based UPS has been done in terms of energy containers usability in the power emergency generation system. The Uninterruptible Power Supply delivers electric support for connected loads basing on hydrogen energy direct conversion into electricity with aid of low-temperature PEM fuel cell and additional energy carriers – supercapacitors. The installation of the hybrid as well as fuel cell stack and supercapacitors reveals significant advantages in comparison to the standard energy storage systems – batteries. Long time of operation, high number of duty cycles and short time of charging can be mentioned as an example. However, there are known some disadvantages which result from fuel cell principle of operation. The paper contains description of design and rules of operation, and measurement results that have been obtained under various conditions of the load. These results were then used to compare commercially available back-up systems with FC/SCbased UPS.
17
Content available Adaptive search for a PEM fuel cell maximum net power
Małek A.
Silniki Spalinowe
|
2011
|
R. 50, nr 2
49-57
EN
Supply method of the fuel cell cathode side significantly affects the durability and efficiency of the hydrogen energy conversion. A fuel cell is a stochastic object. The paper presents air flow control of the PEM fuel cell in order to find and hold the maximum value of the net power produced by the fuel cell stack, regardless of changes of the parameters of the object of control and its outer environment. The Application of an adaptive extremum control with bi-parameter identification provide automatic adjustment of the parameters of a controller to the changing characteristics of an object. The adaptive algorithm contains a number of variables and signals that support the estimation process. The quality and speed of finding an optimal point depends on their values.
PL
Sposób zasilania w tlen strony katodowej ogniwa paliwowego istotnie wpływa na jego żywotność i efektywność wykorzystania energii chemicznej wodoru. Ogniwo paliwowe jest obiektem stochastycznym. W artykule opisano sterowanie powietrzem zasilającym ogniwo w celu określenia i stabilizacji pracy systemu w punkcie maksymalnej mocy netto bez względu na zmieniające się właściwości ogniwa paliwowego i jego otoczenia. Zastosowanie adaptacyjnego sterowania ekstremalnego z identyfikacją dwuparametryczną umożliwia dostosowanie się algorytmu sterowania do aktualnej charakterystyki ogniwa paliwowego. W algorytmie adaptacyjnym istnieje wiele zmiennych i sygnałów wspomagających proces estymacji. Jak wykazano w artykule od ich wartości zależy jakość i szybkość odnajdywania punktu optymalnego.
18
Modelling of PEM fuel cells properties using Matlab/ Simulink environment
Ceran B.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2011
|
No. 66
45--52
EN
In this article there the model of a fuel cell implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment has been presented. The principle of operating of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been described here. A voltage - current characteristic of a cell and curve of power has been presented. The influence of temperature of a working cell on has been studied.
19
Content available Monitorowanie pracy systemu ogniwa paliwowego PEM o mocy 6 kW
Szymak P.
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
|
2011
|
R. 15, nr 2
246-254
PL
W Instytucie Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Okrętowej w Akademii Marynarki Wojennej zaprojektowano i zbudowano demonstrator technologii systemu zasilania elektrycznego oparty na ogniwie paliwowym typu PEM o mocy 6 kW. W artykule opisano strukturę tego systemu, oprogramowanie do monitorowania jego pracy oraz wybrane wyniki przeprowadzanych testów.
EN
In the Institute of Electrical Engineering and Automatics in the Polish Naval Academy, a technology demonstrator of an electric supply system based on PEM fuel cell with power 6 kW was designed and built. In the paper, a structure of the system, a software for monitoring its operation and selected results of carried out tests were presented.
20
Content available Analiza możliwości pracy ogniwa paliwowego HTPEM w trybie elektrolizera
Małek A., Grabowski Ł, Pietrykowski K., Sochaczewski R., Barański G., Szlachetka M., Gęca M.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2011
|
R. 12, nr 10
305-311
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza możliwości wykorzystania wysokotemperaturowego ogniwa paliwowego typu PEM (HTPEM) w trybie pracy elektrolizera. W artykule zaprezentowano także stan wiedzy w dziedzinie elektrolizerów oraz ogniw paliwowych.
EN
This article aims to analyze the possibility of using high-temperature PEM fuel cells (HTPEM) in cell mode. The article contains a description of the current state of knowledge in both fields of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
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