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1

Musculoskeletal occupational hazards in two challenging working environments. A case study from mining industry and health care

Bartnicka J., Giza D., Ziętkiewicz A., Kowalski G.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2016

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z. 91

181--193

EN

The comparative study of working conditions in areas of mining industry and health care services in the area of MSDs is presented in the paper. The examined working environments are considered as demanding in terms of working organization as well as technical, communication and environmental aspects. Such circumstances need to use of specific rules and requirements for maintaining work safety of MSDs. Taking this as a background, a classification of the factors was defined in selected fields in order to make it possible to extract the similar assessment criteria. These were used to analyze the problem areas in terms of working conditions which influence on prevalence of MSDs. The analysis outcomes are the basis for seeking universal methods and tools supporting work safety assessment among mining workers and medical staff. As a case study, the working activities of mining excavations staff and surgical team members performing surgeries in an operating room were considered.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano studia porównawcze, dotyczące warunków pracy w dwóch środowiskach: w górnictwie węgla kamiennego oraz w ochronie zdrowia. Środowiska poddane analizie nacechowane są wysokim stopniem ryzyka zawodowego, związanego z występowaniem schorzeń w układzie mięśniowo-szkieletowym. Tak zarysowane tło badań stanowiło podstawę do identyfikacji głównych problemów w zakresie ergonomii i pozycji ciała, a także określenie możliwych przyczyn i skutków występowania obciążeń posturalnych. Podstawą badań było dokonanie analizy porównawczej czynników technicznych i organizacyjnych kształtujących warunki pracy na stanowiskach górnika dołowego i chirurga laparoskopowego. Uzyskane wyniki badań, wydawać by się mogło w skrajnie różnych obszarach problemowych, dają podstawę do poszukiwania uniwersalnych metod i narzędzi wspomagających ocenę zagrożeń zdrowotnych.

2

Ergonomic Evaluation of Physical Risk for Packing Line Operators

Lasota A. M.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 26, No. 2

11--20

EN

One of the elements of the logistics system is the subsystem of production, which is composed of physical elements such as machinery and equipment, tools, and, most importantly, people. In addition, systems dependent on the human-operator are particularly prone to problems related to: discomfort, ensuring production quality, increases in training costs and absence. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure of upper limbs to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s) in the sequential packaging of a product, and the analysis of risk factors. Material and methods: To conduct the evaluation, the occupational repetitive action (OCRA) checklist method was applied. Rated activities related to the sequential packaging of furniture in positions located at the conveyor belt. Results and conclusion: High risk ratings occurred at two sites, whereas three were rated as medium. The main risk factors influencing the negative evaluations were: insufficient number of breaks, preventing the staff from getting sufficient rest and a short cycle - less than 15 seconds - due to the pace forced by the conveyor belt. Manufacturing engineers and specialists in the field of health and safety should pay particular attention to the organization of the packaging process, and should develop and implement a rotation system, taking into account the load of the upper limbs.

3

Analysis of packers' workload on the packing line - a case study

Lasota A. M.

LogForum

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2014

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Vol. 10, no. 4

383--392

EN

Background: One of the elements of the logistics system is the subsystem of production, which is a system composed of physical elements such as machinery and equipment, tools, and (most importantly) people. In addition, systems dependent on the human operator are particularly prone to problems related to: discomfort, ensuring production quality and increases in training costs and absenteeism. Material and methods: The study was conducted in an establishment in the furniture industry, in the product packing department. The system under assessment included a position located at the conveyor belt. The aim of the study was to evaluate the load and the risk of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD's) among workers and conduct an analysis of risk factors. For the evaluation method, the Ovako Working posture Analysing System (OWAS) was used. The evaluated activities related to the sequential packing of furniture in positions located at the conveyor belt. Results: The result was 7 tasks qualifying for action category (AC) 1, 4 tasks for AC 2 and 5 activities for AC 4. The main risk factors influencing the negative assessment of posture were keeping the back sloped and twisted, work in a standing position and shifting weight onto one leg. Conclusions and recommendations: On each of the evaluated positions where AC 4 occurred, employees back and legs were particularly vulnerable while retrieving elements. Corrective action in these positions should be carried out as soon as possible. Ergonomic intervention should be linked to: reorganizing positions with particular emphasis on retrieving items as well as the storage of packed products; introduction of employee rotation on such positions to ensure load variation of the musculoskeletal system. After making changes on the test positions, reassessment with the OWAS method is recommended in order to verify the effectiveness of the changes.

PL

Wstęp: Jednym z elementów systemu logistycznego jest podsystem produkcji, który jest układem złożonym z elementów fizycznych takich jak: maszyny i urządzenia, narzędzia pracy, i (co najważniejsze) ludzi. Ponadto systemy zależne od człowieka-operatora są szczególnie podatne na problemy związane z: uciążliwościami, zapewnieniem produkcji, jakości i ze wzrostem kosztów szkolenia i nieobecności w pracy. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono w zakładzie przemysłu meblarskiego na dziale pakowania wyrobów. W skład ocenianego systemu wchodziły stanowiska zlokalizowane przy taśmie transportującej. Celem pracy była ocena obciążenia i ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych (MSDs) u pracowników, analiza czynników ryzyka. Do oceny zastosowano metodę Ovako Working posture Analysing System (OWAS). Oceniono czynności związane z sekwencyjnym pakowaniem mebla na stanowiskach zlokalizowanych przy taśmie transportującej. Wyniki: Do kategorii działań (KD) 1 zakwalifikowano 7 czynności, KD 2 - 4 czynności, KD 4 - 5 czynność. Głównymi czynnikami ryzyka wpływającymi na negatywną ocenę pozycji podczas pracy były: utrzymywanie pleców pochylonych i skręconych, praca w pozycji stojącej, przenoszenie ciężaru ciała na jedną nogę. Wnioski i rekomendacje: Na każdym z ocenianych stanowisk wystąpiła KD 4, szczególnie narażone były plecy i nogi pracowników podczas pobierania elementów stąd działania korekcyjne na stanowiskach powinny być przeprowadzone najszybciej jak to możliwe. Interwencja ergonomiczna powinna być związana z: przeorganizowaniem stanowisk ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pobierania elementów jak również składowania zapakowanych wyrobów; wprowadzeniem systemu rotacji pracowników na stanowiskach w celu zapewnienia zmienności obciążenia układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego. Po dokonaniu zmian na badanym stanowisku zaleca się ponowną ocenę metodą OWAS w celu weryfikacji skuteczności wprowadzonych zmian.

4

A REBA-based analysis of packers workload : a case study.

Lasota A. M.

LogForum

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2014

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Vol. 10, no. 1

87--95

EN

Background: One of the elements of a logistics system is the subsystem of production, which is a system composed of physical elements such as machinery, tools and (most importantly) people. In addition, systemdependent human operators are particularly prone to problems related to discomfort, which can affect production quality and increase training costs and absenteeism. The aim of this study was to assess the workload and risk of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD's) in the process of order fulfillment for the position of packer and to conduct an analysis of risk factors. Methods: The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) evaluation method was used. Activities related to the fulfillment of an order were assessed for three workstations. Results: Five postures qualified for action category (AC) 2, seven postures for AC 3 and one posture for AC 4. The main factors affecting the risk of a negative assessment of posture were keeping the back bent and twisted, keeping the arms raised above the trunk, working in a standing position and the weight of packaged carton. Conclusions: Packers working on research positions face a high level of exposure to the risk of MSD's, therefore corrective actions should be carried out as soon as possible. Ergonomic intervention should be linked to redesigning workstations and methods of working. After making changes to the research workstations, re-evaluation using the REBA method is recommended to verify the effectiveness of the changes.

PL

Wstęp: Jednym z elementów systemu logistycznego jest podsystem produkcji, który jest układem złożonym z elementów fizycznych takich jak: maszyny i urządzenia, narzędzia pracy, i (co najważniejsze) ludzi. Ponadto systemy zależne od człowieka-operatora są szczególnie podatne na problemy związane z: uciążliwościami, zapewnieniem produkcji, jakości i ze wzrostem kosztów szkolenia i nieobecności w pracy. Celem pracy była ocena obciążenia i ryzyka wystąpienia mięśniowo-szkieletowego dyskomfortu (MSDs) w procesie realizacji zamówień na stanowiskach pakowacza, analiza czynników ryzyka. Metody: Do oceny zastosowano metodę Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Oceniono czynności związane z realizacją zamówienia na trzech stanowiskach. Wyniki: Żadną z występujących czynności nie zakwalifikowano do AC 0 i AC 1; do AC 2 zakwalifikowano 5 czynności, AC 3 - 7 czynności, AC 4 - 1 czynność. Głównymi czynnikami ryzyka wpływającymi na negatywną ocenę pozycji podczas pracy były: utrzymywanie pleców pochylonych i skręconych, utrzymywanie ramienia odchylonych od tułowia, praca w pozycji stojącej, oraz ciężar zapakowanego kartonu. Wnioski: Pakowacze pracujący na badanych stanowiskach w znacznym stopniu narażenie są na ryzyko MSDs, stąd działania korekcyjne powinny być przeprowadzone najszybciej jak to możliwe. Interwencja ergonomiczna powinna być związana z: przeprojektowaniem stanowisk oraz metod pracy. Po dokonaniu zmian na badanych stanowiskach zaleca się ponowną ocenę metodą REBA w celu weryfikacji skuteczności wprowadzonych zmian.

5

Sharma R., Singh R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 2

363--373

EN

The main aim of this paper was to identify job stressors, gender responses and association of psychosocial work stressors with prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among foundry workers. The data were obtained with ergonomics checklist using Likert scale. The results of this study showed a high prevalence of MSDs among workers. The male workers were more prone to pain in neck while the female workers were more prone to MSDs in upper back and shoulders. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship of dimensions of work aspects with pain and discomfort. It proved that the work-related MSDs are the results of interaction of multiple stressors associated with work and work environment, and other personal factors. ANOVA indicated that the perception of work aspects as stressors differed significantly between male and female workers.

6

Psychosocial and Individual Characteristics and Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Clinical Laboratory Workers

Sadeghian F., Kasaeian A., Noroozi P., Vatani J., Taiebi S. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 2

355--361

EN

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an important health problem among healthcare workers, including clinical laboratory ones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs and individual and psychosocial risk factors among clinical laboratory workers. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 workers of 30 clinical laboratories in 3 towns of Iran. The Nordic questionnaire with individual and psychosocial risk factors was used to collect data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The prevalence of reported MSDs among the study population was 72.4% in the past 12 months. The most prevalent MSDs were pain in the lower back and neck; 42.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Significant relations were found between MSDs and age, gender, heavy work at home and job control (p < .05). MSDs among laboratory workers were high and associated with age, gender, heavy work at home and job control. More research into measuring these factors and workplace physical demands is suggested.

7

Analiza obciążenia pracą metodą OWAS

Lasota A.

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2013

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Vol. 16, nr 3

35--39

EN

Production systems are a combination of physical elements such as machinery, equipment, tools and (most importantly) people. Furthermore, systems dependent on human’ operators are particularly vulnerable to problems associated with discomfort. This affects production quality and causes an increase in training costs and absenteeism. In addition, work performed by people is accompanied by physical effort, which can lead to the appearance of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSDs) among employees in the form of health problems. Factors influencing the risk of MSDs include employee posture at work, range of motion, strength, repetition and duration. The posture of a worker is affected by factors such as the job performed, workstation, work tools, their design and the anthropometric characteristics of employees. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the workload of employees and analyse risk factors using the OWAS method. Research sample: 122 postures of employees at work in manufacturing companies in selected workplaces were evaluated. Among the evaluated employees were machine operators (lathes, milling machines, bending machines) - which represented 48 postures (39% of all postures); packers - 30 postures (25%); fitters engaged in manual assembly - 27 postures (22%), and other workers who do manual work - postures 17 (14%). Method: The observation technique used was the OWAS method (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) to allow assessment of the level of exposure to the risk of MSDs and the level of ergonomic interventions in the form of action categories (AC). Results: AC 1: 35% of all respondent postures, of which: 38% of the postures belonged to operators, 27% packers, 41% assemblers and 35% other employees. AC 2: 45% of all respondents postures (48%, 47%, 48%, 29%; of operators, packers, assemblers and other employees, respectively). AC 3: 12% of all respondents. postures, in which: 10% of the postures were of operators, 13% packers, 11% assemblers and 18% of the postures were of other employees. AC 4: 7% of all respondents. postures, of which: 13% were operators' postures, 0% packers' postures' 18% assemblers' postures and 7% of the postures were of other employees. Conclusions: 35% of the evaluated postures do not require ergonomic intervention. However, 19% of postures are associated with a significant risk of MSDs and need ergonomic attention soon/immediately. Improperly maintained back position (71% postures), shoulder (20% postures), legs (30% postures) and excessive external load (6% postures). Ergonomic intervention is necessary, related to the redesign of jobs, methods of work, workplace and the organizational positions.

8

Packer’s workload assessment, using the OWAS method

Lasota A. M.

Logistics and Transport

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2013

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Vol. 18, No. 2

25--32

EN

One of the elements of the logistics system is the subsystem of production, which is a combination of physical elements such as machinery and equipment, tools, and (most importantly) people. Furthermore, systems dependent on the human-operator are particularly susceptible to problems from discomfort, leading to reduced production quality and an increase in the cost of training and absence from work. The aim of this study was to assess the workload and risk of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSDs) in the position of a logistics-packer, through an analysis of risk factors. A computerized version of the OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) method was used to conduct the evaluation, in which 10 steps of the product packaging process were assessed. As a result of the assessment for the category of action categories (AC), six steps qualified as AC 1, 2 steps as AC 2, and 2 steps as AC 3. The main factors affecting the risk of a negative assessment of posture were keeping the back bent and twisted and keeping the legs bent at the knees. Work on the assessed position for two activities is associated with a significant risk of MSDs, therefore corrective actions should be carried out as soon as possible. Ergonomic intervention should be linked to: revision of the position and methods of work. After making changes to the assessed position, re-evaluation with the OWAS method is recommended to verify the effectiveness of the changes.

9

Identyfikacja i ocena ryzyka zawodowego spowodowanego obciążeniem narządu ruchu

Horst W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2001

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Nr 30

87--104

PL

W artykule podjęto zagadnienie analizy ryzyka zawodowego spowodowanego sposobem wykonywania pracy. Konsekwencją narażenia na zagrożenia związane ze sposobem wykonywania pracy są schorzenia narządu ruchu. Identyfikacja ryzyka wystąpienia tych schorzeń w związku z ich powszechnością oraz uciążliwością stała się w Polsce wymogiem prawnym. W publikacji przedstawiono zastosowanie metody OWAS do identyfikacji ergonomicznych czynników ryzyka.

EN

The paper deals with the ergonomics risk factors and MSDs symptoms. Identification and asessment of potential symptoms of hazards of Occupational Overuse Syndrom is the aim of paper. OWAS method was applied for evaluation of postural load during work at mechanic computer workstation.