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1
Content available Spawanie hybrydowe (HLAW) laser + mig złączy stopów aluminium z serii 6XXX
Urbańczyk Michał
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
|
2023
|
Nr 1 (128)
109--113
PL
W artykule opisano zalety innowacyjnej metody spawania hybrydowego laser + MIG. Przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych dotyczących spawania hybrydowego złączy doczołowych 5+5 mm ze stopu aluminium EN AW 6082 oraz wyniki badań wytrzymałości uzyskanego złącza. Badania wykazały, że proces spawania hybrydowego pozwala uzyskać złącza charakteryzujące się równomiernym gładkim licem i prawidłowo uformowaną granią spełniając wymagania poziomu jakości B wg normy PN-EN ISO 10042. Przeprowadzone badania metalograficzne makroskopowe nie ujawniły pęcherzy gazowych w spoinie. Badanie złącza doczołowego blach z aluminium o grubości 5 + 5 mm wykazało, że spełnia ono wymagania normy PN-EN ISO 15614-14.
EN
The article presents the advantages of the innovative laser + MIG hybrid welding method. The article present shows the results of own research on the hybrid welding of 5+5 mm butt joints of aluminum alloy EN AW 6082 and the results of strength tests of the obtained joint. The research revealed that the hybrid welding process makes it possible to obtain quality butt joints with the uniform face and the properly formed root (meeting the requirements of quality level B according to PN-EN ISO 10042). The macroscopic tests carried out did not reveal gas pores in the weld. Testing of the butt joint of 5 + 5 mm thick aluminum plates showed that it met the requirements of PN-EN ISO 15614-14.
2
Content available MIG welding of austenitic 316L steel used in means of transport
Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Węgrzyn Tomasz
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
|
2022
|
z. 116
247--256
EN
The austenitic 316L steel (1.4401) is an important stainless material used to build various means of transport. Austenitic steel has high resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The austenitic steel is treated as a good weldable material, although cracks are possible. This paper analyses the influence of various MIG welding parameters on the creation of correct joints used in the stainless steel structures of mobile platforms elements, as an example of welding structures, in various means of transport. Various tests verifying the mechanical properties of MIG welds, including non-destructive tests, tensile strength and hardness tests, were carried out. This article aims to show how important and complex the task is to select the correct welding parameters for elements of means of transport made of austenitic steel on the example of elements of mobile platforms.
3
Content available remote Increase in the fatigue strength of aluminium alloy welded joints through the friction processing of the joint surface
Węglowski Marek St., Krasnowski Krzysztof
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2020
|
Vol. 64, No. 1
7--17
EN
Increasingly high requirements concerning welded structures made of aluminium alloys trigger the issue of fatigue strength. Previous tests have indicated that the fatigue strength of FSW joints is higher than that of, e.g. MIG-welded joints. However, it should be noted that the use of the FSW technology may sometimes be limited or impossible. One of the methods enabling an increase in the fatigue strength of arc welded joints includes the treatment of the joint surface. The study presents results of the friction stir processing (FSP) of MIG-welded joints made of aluminium alloy EN AW-6082 and the effect of the aforesaid technique on the fatigue strength of the joints. The tests revealed that the use of the FSP method makes it possible to increase the fatigue strength of butt welded joints by approximately 50%.
PL
Rosnące wymagania wobec konstrukcji spawanych wykonanych ze stopów aluminium sprawiają, że ważnym staje się problem wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia wskazują, że wytrzymałość złączy zgrzewanych FSW jest większa niż złączy spawanych np. metodą MIG. Jednak należy pamiętać, że nie zawsze technologia FSW może być zastosowana. Jedną z możliwości zwiększenia wytrzymałości zmęczeniowych złączy spawanych łukowo jest obróbka powierzchniowa złączy. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki modyfikacji tarciowej złączy doczołowych spawanych metodą MIG ze stopu aluminium EN AW-6082 i jej wpływu na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową złączy. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zastosowanie modyfikacji FSP pozwala na zwiększenie wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej złączy spawanych doczołowo o około 50%.
4
Content available Fatigue Behavior of MIG-Welded 7N01-T4 Aluminum Alloy with Different V-Groove Angles
Ma Zhongwei, Li Qinghua, Ma Lin, He Zhaokun, Liang Zhimin
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
1577--1584
EN
7N01-T4 aluminum alloy was welded by metal inert gas welding and the influence of V-groove angle on joint fatigue properties was investigated. The results indicate that the volume of fusion zone (FZ) and the grains in FZ become small when the groove angle decreases to 50° from 70°. Most pores distribute at the FZ edge and fewer pores are formed in the small angle joint. The fatigue crack mainly initiates at the transition region between the weld passes due to the pore concentration. The small angle contributes to increasing joint fatigue properties, especially at the low stress level. The fatigue strength of 50° joint is 103.06 MPa which is 15.3% higher than that of 70° joint.
5
Content available remote Robot-like MIG Welding Machines for Large Steel Structures
Keitel S., Wolski U., Mückenheim U., Sondershausen Ch., Müglitz J.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2016
|
Vol. 60, No. 5
24--30
PL
Wielkość produkcji spawalniczej, geometria i normy jakościowe w sektorze energetyki wiatrowej wymagają automatyzacji. Zastosowanie konwencjonalnych robotów przemysłowych często nie jest możliwe ze względu na czynniki bezpieczeństwa, koszty, dostępne miejsce pracy i niezbędny czas programowania. Z drugiej strony, typowe zadania obróbcze, takie jak cięcie, spawanie łukowe i badania ultradźwiękowe są na tyle złożone, że nie mogą one być zmechanizowane za pomocą prostego oprzyrządowania. Małe, tanie, modułowe urządzenia na szynach, znane jako gąsienicowce, wypełniają lukę między prostym zmechanizowanym sprzętem, z jednej strony, a robotami przemysłowymi z drugiej. Charakteryzują się one łatwą obsługą i wszechstronnością w użytkowaniu, nawet w trudnych warunkach terenowych jak te pierwsze oraz możliwością programowania i ruchem sterowanym za pomocą czujników jak w robotach przemysłowych. W artykule omówiono możliwości i ograniczenia ww. koncepcji w odniesieniu do szeregu przykładów ich zastosowania.
EN
Weld volume, geometry and quality standards in structures in the wind energy sector demand automation. Conventional industrial robots are often infeasible due to safety factors, cost, work space available and the time-consuming programming involved. On the other hand, typical machining tasks such as cutting, arc welding, and ultrasonic testing are so complex that they cannot be mechanised using simple appliances. Small, inexpensive modular machines on rails, known as crawlers, bridge the gap between simple mechanised equipment on the one hand, and industrial robots on the other. They inherit the easy handling and versatility for use even in difficult site conditions from the former, together with the possibility of programming and sensor-controlled movement from industrial robots. The article discusses the possibilities and limitations in this concept by reference to a series of examples from applications.
6
Content available remote Parametric optimization of MIG welding on 316L austenitic stainless steel by Taguchi method
Ghosh N., Pal P. K., Nandi G.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 79, nr 1
27--36
EN
Purpose: Taguchi design has been adopted in order to identify optimal parametric combination for desired quality of weld. Design/methodology/approach: A plan of experiments based on Taguchi technique has been used. An orthogonal array, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to study the welding characteristics of material & optimize the welding parameters. Findings: The welding investigators have always been in search for better quality of weldment. In present work, effect of current, gas flow rate and nozzle to plate distance on quality of weld in metal gas arc welding of Austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L has been studied through experiment and analyses. Butt welded joints have been made by several levels of current, gas flow rate and nozzle to plate distance. The result computed is in form of contribution from each parameter, through which optimal parameters are identified for maximum tensile strength and percentage elongation. Research limitations/implications: The main objective of the present study was to apply the Taguchi method to establish the optimal set of control parameters for the welding. The Taguchi method is employed to determine the optimal combination of design parameters, including: current, gas flow rate and nozzle to plate distance. Practical implications: Weld quality mainly depends on features of bead geometry, mechanical-metallurgical characteristics of the weld as well as on various aspects of weld chemistry and these features are expected to be greatly influenced by various input parameters like current, voltage, electrode stick-out, gas flow rate, edge preparation, position of welding, welding speed and many more in metal inert gas (MIG) welding. Moreover, the cumulative effect of the mentioned quality indices determines the extent of joint strength that should meet the functional aspects of the weld in practical field of application. Therefore, preparation of a satisfactory good quality weld seems to be a challenging job. Originality/value: The result computed is in form of contribution from each parameter, through which optimal parameters are identified for maximum tensile strength and percentage elongation. This paper presents new results of optimization using Taguchi method.
7
Content available remote Application of variable polarity MIG welding of aluminium alloys
Pfeifer T
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2014
|
Vol. 58, No. 2
33--38
EN
The article presents the application of an innovative MIG welding technology using variable polarity for the welding of thin aluminium alloy elements and demonstrates the results of tests related to the impact of the electrode negative (EN) ratio on weld geometry and penetration depth as well as on the quality and structure of welded joints.
PL
Przedstawiono zastosowanie prądu o zmiennej biegunowości do spawania elementów ze stopów aluminium o niewielkiej grubości. Przedstawiono przebieg i wyniki badań nad określeniem wpływu udziału składowej ujemnej w przebiegu prądu i napięcia łuku na geometrię spoiny, głębokość wtopienia oraz jakość i budowę strukturalną połączeń spawanych.
8
Content available Advantages of new micro-jet welding technology on weld microstructure control
Piwnik M., Węgrzyn T., Wieszała R., Hadryś D.
Transport Problems
|
2013
|
T. 8, z. 2
47--54
EN
An innovative apparatus to welding process with micro-jet cooling of the weld made it possible to carry out technological tests, which have proved theoretical considerations about this problem. This project gives real opportunities for professional development in the field of welding with controlling the parameters of weld structure. These tests have proved that the new micro-jet technology has the potential for growth. It may be great achievement of welding technology in order to increase weld metal strength. The new technology with micro-jet cooling may have many practical applications in many fields, for example such as in the transport industry or to repair damaged metal elements. The advantages of the new device over the traditional system are the ability to control the structure of the weld, the weld mechanical performance increases and improve the quality of welded joints
PL
W artykule przedstawiono innowacyjną technologię spawania z wykorzystaniem chłodzenia mikrojetowego dla połączeń spawanych konstrukcji samochodowych. Przedstawiono rozważania teoretyczne i kierunki rozwoju oraz wyniki przeprowadzonych prób technologicznych. Wykazano, że ta innowacyjna technologia jako pierwsza na świecie daje realne możliwości kontrolowania parametrów struktury spoiny w trakcie realizacji procesu spawalniczego. W przyszłości będzie możliwe uzyskanie określonej struktury spoiny bez dodatkowej obróbki, co znacznie skróci czas przygotowania wyrobów, a także poprawi jakość spoiny np. przez wzrost wytrzymałości. Nowa technologia mikrojetowa może mieć dużo praktycznych zastosowań w wielu dziedzinach, takich jak przemysł transportowy, lub może być wykorzystana do naprawy uszkodzonych elementów metalowych w tym wałów maszynowych. Zaletami nowego urządzenia w porównaniu z systemem tradycyjnym są możliwość sterowania strukturą spoiny, polepszenie parametrów mechanicznych spoiny i poprawa jakości złącz spawanych. ves real opportunities for professional development in the field of welding with controlling the parameters of weld structure. These tests have proved that the new micro-jet technology has the potential for growth. It may be great achievement of welding technology in order to increase weld metal strength. The new technology with micro-jet cooling may have many practical applications in many fields, for example such as in the transport industry or to repair damaged metal elements. The advantages of the new device over the traditional system are the ability to control the structure of the weld, the weld mechanical performance increases and improve the quality of welded joints.
9
Content available Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints welded by FSW and MIG
Dudzik K., Charchalis A., Jurczak W.
Journal of KONES
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, No. 2
129-135
EN
The article presents the research results of microscopic examination of friction stir welded joint (FSW) alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1). The joints welded by traditional MIG method of the same aluminium alloy were chosen as reference points. Friction stir welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of sheet metal with different types of aluminium alloys. The parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding used to join metal alloy AlZn5Mg1 (7020) were presented. Welds made using both the FSW and MIG method were checked using X-ray flaw detection and showed no welding defects. In order to determine the structural changes in the bonded joints, the samples were polished and then microetched KELLER reagent. Metallographic examination was carried out using optical microscope Axiovert ZAISS 25. To determine the grain size in the different zones of joints welded by FSW and MIG methods AxioVision 4.8.2 software was used. Metallographic examination revealed the existence of an explicit heat affected zone of HAZ in case of MIG welded joints and virtually lack thereof, in case of FSW welded joints. Microscopic examination of AlZn5Mg1 alloy joints showed that the structure of the FSW welded joint is more homogeneous than the MIG welded joint. The analysis of the grain size of the characteristic zones of joints shows that in the case of joints welded by FSW the weld nugget has smaller grains than the native material. In case of the joint welded by traditional MIG method the biggest grains are in HAZ and the smallest in the native material.
10
Content available Low - cycle fatigue of Al-Mg alloy joints
Czechowski M.
Journal of KONES
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, No. 2
103-108
EN
This article presents the results of the low-cycle fatigue tests of AW-5059 Alustar alloy. Gas metallic welding in argon arc shield was used. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction MIG welded 5059 aluminum alloy. The low-cycle fatigue tests were carried out in the air and artificial seawater (3.5% water solution NaCl), with stable amplitude of stress value. The stresses were changed in the symmetric cycle (the stress ratio was R = -1) with constant strain rate of 5mm/min and the frequencies oscillating between 0.08-0.2 Hz. During the tests the following parameters was observed: number of cycles until the specimen's destruction, upper and lower extreme values of force and strain for the selected cycles, duration-time of the test and frequency. Analysis of specimens fracture surfaces was performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) Philips XL30. In case of the specimens exposed in 3,5% water solution NaCl the fatigue durability is lower than the durability of specimens tested in the air. The article depicts the changes in total strain amplitude Iac [mm] depending on number of cycles [N] obtained in the tests with ia=const and the low-cycle fatigue resistance for the welded Alustar alloy. Original value are received results of the low-cycle fatigue tests of AW-5059 Alustar alloy welded by MIG
11
Content available EIS research of AW - 7020 alloy joints welded by MIG
Dudzik K., Charchalis A.
Journal of KONES
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, No. 1
83-88
EN
The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by MIG were presented. In the article the parameters for MIG welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 (7020) alloy was presented. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloy. EIS measurement was performed in three electrode system in artificial seawater (3.5% NaCl). Impedance studies were carried out at the corrosion potential. Changed voltage signal amplitude in the range plus or minus 10 mV and frequency range of changes was as follows: 100 kHz - 0.1 Hz. Atlas 0531 EU and IA potentiostat was used for studies. Model in the form of an electrical equivalent circuit replacement was chosen for the test object. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are presented graphically in the Nyquist charts matched with the theoretical curve to them and in the form of parameters characterizing the corrosion process. Obtained results were statistically analyzed. Much better resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found for the native material then joint welded by MIG of 7020 aluminum alloy. The most important parameter - charge transfer resistance value of a double layer Rct for sample of native material is higher than for the sample welded by MIG. Original value is received results of the corrosion properties of MIG welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with the native material.
12
Content available The influence of joining method of AW-7020 aluminium alloy on corrosion properties
Dudzik K.
Journal of KONES
|
2011
|
Vol. 18, No. 4
587-581
EN
The results of corrosion properties research of aluminum alloy AW 7020 (AlZn5Mg1) welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding of sheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The polarization was carried out at changes in the potential speed of 12 mV/min in the range of š 50 mV with the stationary potential. Atlas 0531EU & IA potentiostat was used for studies. The corrosion resistance research was carried out using three electrode potentiodynamic method. The following parameters were measured: electrode potential Ec [mV] and the corrosion current density Jc [mi A/cm2]. The tests were carried out on specimens in 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to electrochemical corrosion was found of the native material, friction stir welded and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Original value are received results of the corrosion properties of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method and the native material.
13
Content available Stress corrosion cracking of 7020 aluminium alloy jointed by different welding methods
Dudzik K.
Journal of KONES
|
2010
|
Vol. 17, No. 4
143-147
EN
The results of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of aluminum alloy AW 7020 [AlZn5Mg1] welded by friction stir welding FSW and MIG were presented. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) - a new technology can be successfully used for butt welding of different types of aluminum alloy sheets. In the article the parameters for friction stir welding ofsheets made of AlZn5Mg1 [7020] alloy was presented as well as parameters for MIG. Metallographic analysis of bonds showed a proper structural construction of both, the FSW and MIG welded 7020 aluminum alloys. Stress corrosion cracking was examined via the slow-strain-rate-testing (SSRT) according to EN ISO 7539-7. The following parameters were measured: time-to-failure - T [h], obtained max. load - F [N]; strain energy (the diagram surface under the stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3]; relative elongation of the specimen — a10 [%]; max. tensile stress — R [MPa] and contraction — Z [%]. The tests were carried out on cylindrical notch-free specimens in the air and 3.5% water solution NaCl. Good resistance to stress corrosion was found of friction stir welded 7020 aluminum alloys. The tested samples cracked during SSRT test in the native material in case of FSW and in the joint in case of MIG. Original value are received results of the stress corrosion resistance of new method friction stir welded AlZn5Mg1 alloy compared with traditional MIG method.
14
Content available remote Spawanie stopów aluminium serii 6000 metodami MIG Puls i SynchroPuls podczas produkcji pojazdów szynowych
Szubryt M., Fryc H.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2010
|
R. 54, nr 5
192-194
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań złączy spawanych ze stopów aluminium 6005A/T6 oraz 6082/T6, z których wykonano, między innymi, podłogi wagonów metra. Połączenia te spawano z użyciem najnowocześniejszych urządzeń spawalniczych. Dzięki specjalnym, mikroprocesorowym rozwiązaniom sterującym podawaniem drutu spawalniczego oraz parametrami prądowymi, uzyskano wysokiej jakości złącza, spełniające wszystkie wymagania normy PN-EN 15085. Aby zwiększyć wydajność procesu produkcyjnego, zastosowano odmianę metody spawania MIG, tzw. SynchroPuls, a wyniki porównano z tymi, które uzyskano w badaniach złączy spawanych metodą MIG Puls.
EN
It has been presented the test results of welded joints in 6005A/T6 and 6082/T6 aluminium alloys which were used, among other things, for the manufacture of underground car floors. The joints were made with the use of the most advanced welding equipment. Owing to special microprocessor devices controlling the welding wire feeding and welding current parameters it was obtained high quality joints which met all PN-EN 15085 standard requirements. In order to increase the process productivity it was applied a variant of MIG welding method, so called SynchroPuls, and it was compared the results with those obtained in MIG Puls welding.
15
Content available remote Spawanie stopów aluminium metodą MIG prądem z podwójną pulsacją
Pfeifer T., Rykała J.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2010
|
R. 54, nr 5
184-186
PL
Przedstawiono przebieg i wyniki badań technologicznych spawania złączy doczołowych blach ze stopów aluminium o grubości od 0,5 do 40,0 mm z zastosowaniem łuku z podwójną pulsacją. Celem tych badań było między innymi porównanie jakości i estetyki spoin oraz własności złączy z wynikami uzyskanymi dla złączy wykonanych metodami niskoenergetycznymi (cienkie blachy) oraz łukiem pulsującym (blachy o grubości powyżej 2,0 mm).
EN
It has been presented the course and results of technological investigation into double pulse (DP) MIG butt welding of aluminium alloy plates (from 0,5 mm up to 40,0 mm in thickness). The aim of the investigation was, among other things to compare the quality, appearance and mechanical properties of joints obtained during DP-MIG welding with those achieved in low energy methods (for thin sheets) and pulsed arc MIG welding (for plates above 2,0 mm in thickness).
16
Content available remote Nowoczesne technologie spawania aluminium i jego stopów
Stano S., Pfeifer T., Różański M.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2010
|
R. 54, nr 2
20-20
PL
Przedstawiono podział stopów aluminium w oparciu o główne składniki stopowe oraz przydatność do obróbki cieplnej. Zwrócono uwagę na podstawowe trudności występujące podczas spawania aluminium i jego stopów. Opisano najnowocześniejsze spawalnicze metody łączenia tych materiałów. Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad możliwościami łączenia cienkościennych elementów ze stopów aluminium za pomocą niskoenergetycznych metod łukowych, spawania plazmowego oraz spawania hybrydowego laser + MIG.
EN
It has been presented the classification of aluminium alloys on the basis of main alloy elements and usability for heat treatment. The essential problems occurring in welding of aluminium and its alloys have been mentioned. The most advanced methods of joining these materials have been described. It has been presented also the results of investigations into possibility of joining of thin-walled elements of aluminium alloys by low heat input arc welding methods, plasma arc welding and hybrid laser + MIG welding.
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