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1

Insights of Concentrated Solar Power Utilization – Possible Deployment in Jordan

As’ad Samer

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

152--163

EN

Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a promising form of renewable energy that harnesses the immense power of the sun to generate electricity. It employs various mechanisms to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver, thereby producing high-temperature heat. This heat can be stored and converted into electricity through conventional steam turbines or for other heating applications. One of CSP’s key advantages is its ability to store thermal energy for use during cloudy periods or at night, enhancing the reliability and dispatchability of solar power. This review article offers a comprehensive introduction to CSP including its principles, technological advancements, comparison analysis, and its potential to play a crucial role in the transition to a sustainable toward carbon neutral energy future. Various statistical charts on the operational CSP plants around the world have been presented in this review and showed that there is a notable interest in the MENA region for considering this technology in their energy mix. Jordan is part of the MENA region, therefore, possible deployment of this technology in the kingdom of Jordan has been assessed as well by studying the solar radiation measurements in the southern location of the country. Analysis has concluded that Ma’an governorate has the highest solar irradiance characteristics in the country and has the lowest values of diffuse irradiance. The annual average daily global irradiance is between 3.7 kWh/m2 in January to 8.5 kWh/m2 in June, equivalent to annual global radiation of more than 2200 kWh/m2. The results have been validated using Global Solar Atlas and ener MENA high precision meteorological station installed in Ma’an. The costs and current challenges faced by this technology will also be discussed.

2

Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous–Eocene Belqa Group of Jordan (southern Tethys margin)

Kalifi Amir, Ardila-Sanchez Maria, Messaoud Jihede Hay, Laila Wesam Abu, Buchem Frans van, Ibrahim Khalil, Powell John

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

32--32

EN

The Belqa Group of Jordan (Upper Cretaceous–Eocene) contains a remarkable succession of sedimentary lithofacies, including chalk, sandstone, chert, phosphorite, oyster mounds and organic-rich marls deposited along the passive southern margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The Belqa Group is now outcropping in spectacular wadis where they can be studied in detail. The exceptional outcrops exposures provide unique opportunities for studying three-dimensional spatial facies variations. However, this 3D facies distribution requires robust time control and the combination of modern sequence stratigraphic concepts and high-resolution dating methods. We report the establishment of a regional sequence stratigraphic model that provides the temporal framework for further detailed sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical studies. Preliminary results show a stratigraphic organization in four major depositional sequences (3rd order), which are broadly in agreement with the lithostratigraphic formations. The age dating is based on new nano-fossil analyses and C/O and Sr isotope stratigraphy. A subdivision into higher-frequency sequences (4th/5th order) significatively improves the resolution of the stratigraphic framework and our understanding of spatio-temporal distribution of the sedimentary facies. The four sequences are: 1) The B1 sequence (Upper Coniacian-Santonian), characterized by a transgressive phase of chalk-rich sedimentation (coccolithophore-dominated) and a regressive phase of a prograding siliciclastics with a distal transition to the first phosphorite-chert facies. 2) The B2 sequence (Lower Campanian) also starts with a transgressive chalk dominated facies and subsequently develops into a chert-dominated marl facies (radiolarian-dominated). The chert is locally associated with thin phosphates and coquinas, as well as organic-matter rich facies in proximal marine settings. 3) The B3 sequence (Upper Campanian) is also characterized by a transgressive chalk dominated facies. The regressive phase is constituted by dm- to m-thick phosphorite beds that were deposited coevally with giant oyster banks (decameter scale). 4) The B4 sequence (Maastrichtian-Paleocene) represents a dramatic facies change to organic-rich pelagic marls, and can probably be further subdivided. This sedimentary succession highlights both gradual and rapid changes in biogenic productivity and geochemistry. These changes are punctuated and partly driven by significant relative sea-level changes, and likely also larger scale palaeoceanographical processes that are the focus of future work.

3

Impact of cash flow variation on project performance: contractors’ perspective

Tarawneh Sultan, Almahmoud Anoud Fawwaz, Hajjeh Hassan

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 1

73--85

EN

This study aims to determine the impact of cash flow variation in Jordanian construction projects from contractors’ perspective and its relationship with project performance. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed to a selective sample. The respondents were project managers from contracting companies working in Jordan, around 340 construction companies. The sample frame was a form of non-probability sampling of 181 project managers. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The study results showed a positive statistically significant effect at the significance level (α ≤0.05) of cash flow variation on project performance in Jordanian construction projects. In addition, respondents indicated a high level of agreement on the impact of cash flow variation on projects’ performance, with a mean of 4.01 and a standard deviation of .546. However, on the project performance dimensions’ level, Quality came first, with a mean of 4.11 and at a high level, followed by Safety, with a mean of 4.01 and at a high level, while Final Cost ranked third with a mean of 3.96 and at a high level. Finally, Project Final Duration ranked fourth with a mean of 3.95. The researchers recommended the necessity of more efforts for a better understanding of the importance of cash flow by contractors to schedule project activities correctly and efficiently to maintain a steady state of the project cash flow.

4

Using Jordanian Natural Zeolite for Capturing Hydrogen Sulfide Gas

Al Jarrah Asem Mohammad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

164--168

EN

In this work a fixed bed column was used to study the adsorption capability of Jordanian natural zeolite for capturing H2S gas. The effect of pressure, inlet concentration, and zeolite particles size was study, and the breakthrough curves were obtained. The results indicate that Jordanian natural zeolite is an effective material for capturing H2S gas at a pressure around 5 atm or more and the adsorption capacity is comparable to commercial zeolite. At a pressure of 6atm or more, the saturation adsorption capacity of zeolite is about 0.24 g H2S/g zeolite. For pressure more than 6 atm the adsorption capacity remains almost the same, and therefore, 6 atm is the suitable operating pressure for Jordanian natural zeolite to capture H2S.

5

Evaluation of Jordanian Natural Zeolite for Removing Iron Ions from Underground Water

Al Jarrah Asem Mohammad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

10--14

EN

The content of iron ions (Fe+2 and Fe+3) in Jordanian underground water highly exceeds the standard limits in certain places. Since Jordanian water resources are very limited, the removing of these ions by cheap methods is very important. Natural zeolite which is available in Jordan in large amounts is very attractive for this purpose. The objective of this research is to evaluate Jordanian natural zeolite for removing iron ions from underground water. Batch process was used for the evaluation. The concentration of iron ions versus time for different amount of zeolite concentrations and sizes was evaluated. The results indicate that, Jordanian natural zeolite is very effective for removing iron ions from water. The zeolite concentration of about 10g/L is capable of removing almost all iron ions from water in few hours.

6

Rare-earth and trace elements of the lower Cambrian–Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic succession of NE Gondwana in Jordan : from provenance to metasomatism

Amireh Belal S., Saffarini Ghazi A., Amaireh Mazen N., Jarrar Chaleb H., Abed Abdulkader A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 2

109--158

EN

The present bulk-rock geochemical study aims to answer some questions concerning the distribution and variability of trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) in the lower Cambrian–Lower Cretaceous sandstones and mudstones of NE Gondwana in Jordan. The study proved that the REE and the TE distribution patterns in both detrital and authigenic, light and heavy minerals are controlled principally by the source-rock provenance, followed by an interplay of many factors: chemical weathering, recycling, hydraulic sorting, locally low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism, depositional environment and redox conditions, and diagenesis. On the basis of specific trace elements, trace-element ratios, and petrographic proxies, the provenance is constrained to be mainly felsic-, rarely mafic granitoids of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, and less commonly, recycled Palaeozoic and Mesozoic siliciclastic strata. REEs are hosted mainly in zircon, Ti-bearing minerals, and partly in clay minerals. They were depleted by both chemical weathering and recycling; nevertheless, they were enriched by subsequent hydraulic sorting and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. Chemical weathering initially depleted zirconium. However, this was counteracted by subsequent enrichment through recycling, hydraulic sorting, and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. The fractionation of the other TEs, due to these sedimentological factors during the genesis of subarkosic arenites, quartz arenites and mudstones, is discussed and some conclusions are derived. The Eu negative anomaly was enhanced significantly by recycling and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. Scandium abundance increased with decreasing grain size from coarse sand to the mud fraction. The recorded REE and TE fractionation might also apply to siliciclastics in similar, geological environments.

7

The impact of customer relationship management dimensions on service quality

Al-Gasawneh Jassim Ahmad, Anuar Marhana Muhamed, Dacko-Pikiewicz Zdzisława, Saputra Jumadil

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 23, No. 2

24--41

EN

This study contributes towards service quality knowledge. The effects of customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions on service quality were investigated based on the resource-based view (RBV) theory. The study utilized a quantitative approach by obtaining data from general managers of hotels in Jordan. The data were analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that CRM key customer focus, CRM knowledge management and CRM-based technology had positive impacts on service quality. On the other hand, the CRM organization had a negative impact on service quality. This study pinpointed, some interesting findings in the context of hotel industry in Jordan. The findings would be referential to other global hotels under the similar situation to enhance service quality.

PL

Niniejsze badanie przyczynia się do poszerzenia wiedzy o jakości usług. Wpływ wielkości zarządzania relacjami z klientami (CRM) na jakość usług zbadano w oparciu o teorię poglądu opartego na zasobach (RBV). W badaniu wykorzystano podejście ilościowe, uzyskując dane od dyrektorów generalnych hoteli w Jordanii. Dane przeanalizowano za pomocą modelowania częściowych równań strukturalnych metodą najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM). Wyniki pokazały, że koncentracja na kluczowych klientach CRM, zarządzanie wiedzą CRM i technologia oparta na CRM miały pozytywny wpływ na jakość usług. Z drugiej strony organizacja CRM wpłynęła negatywnie na jakość usług. Badanie to wskazało kilka interesujących odkryć w kontekście branży hotelarskiej w Jordanii. Wyniki będą miały odniesienie do innych hoteli na świecie znajdujących się w podobnej sytuacji, aby poprawić jakość usług.

8

Water demand time series forecast by autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration model

Telfah Duaa B., Louzi Nawal, AlBashir Tala M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 50

195--206

EN

This article examines the short- and long-run effects of water price, system input, income, temperature on domestic water demand for Amman area over the period of 1980–2012. An empirical, dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for water demand is developed on a yearly basis. This approach is capable of testing and analysing the dynamic relationship with time series data using a single equation regressions. Results show the ability of the model to predicting future trends (short- and long-run association). The main results indicate that water demand in limited water environment is partially captured in the long-run by the amount of water reaching the customer. The short- and long-run elasticities of water price (–0.061, –0.028) and high temperature (0.023, 0.054) indicate inelastic behaviour on water demand both in short- and long-run, while the lagged water price has a significant effect on demand. Income represented by gross domestic product (GDP) slightly affects water consumption in the long-run and insignificantly in the short-run (0.24, 0.24). Water consumption is strongly linked to consumption habits measured by lagged billed amount 0.35, and is strongly linked to amount of supplied water both in short- and long-run (0.47, 0.53). These results suggest that water needs should be satisfied first to allow controlling water demand through a good pricing system. Moreover, the association identified between demand and water system input, and the lesser elasticities of water price and other explanatory variables confirm the condition of water deficit in Amman area and Jordan. The results could be rolled out to similar cities suffering scarce water resources with arid and semi-arid weather conditions.

9

Assessing Water Quality of Kufranja Dam (Jordan) for Drinking and Irrigation: Application of the Water Quality Index

Abualhaija Mahmoud M., Mohammad Alsharifa-Hind

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

159--175

EN

The current study was undertaken to assess the physicochemical quality of the Kufranja dam (KD) surface water in northern Jordan during the summer and winter seasons [2019]. The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, major cations, major anions, and heavy metals. Most of the physicochemical parameters exhibited a similar spatial distribution, where the maximum concentrations were observed at the dam’s entrance, while the minimum concentrations were recorded at the dam’s end. This indicates that the factors affecting their occurrence and distribution are the same, including natural discharges from the surrounding catchment areas, weathering products, agricultural activities, and wastewater effluents that enter the dam via Wadi Kufranja. All the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in KD water lie below the maximum permissible levels of the Jordanian and international standards for drinking and irrigation, except for EC values that are above WHO standards for drinking. The application of the water quality index (WQI) depicts that the KD water is chemically unsuitable for use in drinking and needs proper treatment before use. The irrigation indices (SAR, Na%, and MH) indicate that the KD water is chemically suitable for irrigation, whereas EC results and USSL diagram showed that the dam’s water is suitable for irrigation and belongs to the categories of good to permissible for irrigation. Therefore, KD water is suitable for irrigation of most soils (except soils with low salt tolerance). Crops with good salt tolerance are recommended and a special treatment of salinity might be required.

10

Experiences in Public Archaeology in Italy: a disciplinary field in the process of being defined

Vannini Guido

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2020

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Vol. 2

7--44

EN

As part of shared research programmes of the Universities of Florence and Krakow between archaeology and medieval architecture, this essay aims to offer an illustrated overview of themes and methodological procedures in the field of public archaeology, derived from activities carried out by the Chair of Medieval Archaeology of the University of Florence in Italy and in the Near East over the last two decades. These same activities are also examples of the first (2006) activities in Italy (and among the first in continental Europe) of the scientific and academic foundation of this specific field given by the British School of the UCL. The Italian-Polish collaboration particularly includes projects the University is working on with the PAN (in Warsaw/IAEO, Wroclaw, Gdansk), the Jagiellonian University of Krakow and the CNR-ITABC in Rome.

PL

Artykuł powstał jako rezultat wspólnych programów badawczych Uniwersytetu we Florencji i Politechniki Krakowskiej z pogranicza archeologii i architektury średniowiecznej. Tekst ma na celu przedstawienie ilustrowanego przeglądu tematów i procedur metodologicznych z zakresu archeologii publicznej.

11

Growth, Yield and Biochemical Responses in Barley to DAP and Chitosan Application Under Water Stress

Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman M., Jahan Nusrat, Odat Nidal, Al-Ramamneh Ezz Al-Dein, Al-Tawaha Abdel Razzaq, Abu-Zaitoon Yousef M., Fandi Khalid, Alhawatema Mohammad, Amanullah, Rauf Abdur, Wedyan Mohammad, Shariati Mohammad Ali, Qaisi Ali M., Imran, Tawaha Khaled, Turk Munir, Khanum Samia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

86--93

EN

The present investigation was aimed at enhancing the quality and productivity of barley by the fertilizer and chitosan application. The field experiments were conducted in the northern region of Jordan, under the rain fed conditions in the main growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The experiment was conducted in a well-designed split-plot having three replications and two fertilizer levels (0 and 100 kg•ha-1 DAP (Diammonium phosphate 46% P2O5). Chitosan, in three different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 g•L-1), was randomly applied to all fertilized plots as subplot treatments. The results revealed the highest seed dry weight (5.8 g per plant) in the plants treated with 100 kg•ha-1 of DAP, while the lowest (5.2 g per plant) was recorded in the control which exhibited an increase of about 10%. However, other parameters, namely the number of grains, number of spikes, and number of grains were also found to be influenced by the chitosan treatment. Significant variation (P < 0.01) were also high between the lines in the presence and absence of chitosan application. The highest number of grain yield, number of spikes, and grains/spike were found by the foliar treatment of 10 g•L-1 chitosan to barley plants at the tillering stage. Similarly, the grain quality, particularly with respect to protein and starch, was found to be enhanced significantly over control. The highest protein (12.6%) and starch (62.3%) were obtained with 100 kg•ha-1 DAP fertilizer level mixed with 10 g•L-1 chitosan. Hence, based on results, it can be concluded that the fertilizer level 100 kg•ha-1 DAP combined with 10 g•L-1 chitosan is economically best and recommendable for improving the quality and productivity of barley in the northern region of Jordan.

12

Essential competencies for engineers from the perspective of fresh graduates

Suleiman Akram, Abahre Jafar

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2020

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Vol. 12, no. 1

70--79

EN

Determining the competencies required for engineering programmes has become important due to the increasing challenges faced by engineers after graduation and the tremendous development in technology. This research aims to identify the general competencies that fresh graduate students of engineering schools in Jordan believe they need to become competent and effective in their profession as engineers. This study was the first of its kind with students as respondents, and it was the first study of this kind in Jordan. Competencies were collected from a previous study with 48 competencies split into 11 groups. A questionnaire was prepared with these competencies, then rated for the degree of importance by answering “What engineering competencies graduates will require for their future work in Jordan?” The study showed that all competencies were vital, including technical, personal, nontechnical and attitudinal competencies. This study will help to link the outputs of university education provided by engineering departments with market needs as well as to harmonise study programmes offered by Jordanian universities. Also, the research outputs are expected to facilitate the transition process of students from one university to another. The empirically identified competencies could be used to help assess different engineering study programmes in Jordan.

13

Zagrożenia dziedzictwa kulturowego i jego ochrona w Jordanii – analiza trzech przypadków

Bodzek Jarosław, Kopij Kamil, Miszk Łukasz

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

|

2019

|

Nr 57

38--49

PL

Artykuł podejmuje temat ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego na terenie Jordanii. Porównano w nim zagrożenia i sposób ochrony trzech dobrze zachowanych stanowisk archeologicznych, których rozkwit przypadał na czasy rzymskie i bizantyńskie: Umm er-Rasas, Dajaniya i Tuwaneh. Różna charakterystyka omówionych stanowisk oraz ich położenie względem współczesnego osadnictwa sprawia, że borykają się one ze zróżnicowanymi zagrożeniami, co pozwala wyciągać bardziej ogólne wnioski dotyczące ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego w dzisiejszej Jordanii.

EN

The paper focuses on cultural heritage protection in Jordan. It analyses and compares dangers and ways of protection of three different archaeological sites dated mainly to the Roman and Byzantine periods: Umm er-Rasas, Dajaniya and Tuwaneh. Different characteristics of these sites and their location relative to modern settlements means that they are struggling with various threats. This in turn allows to draw more general conclusions regarding cultural heritage protection in modern Jordan.

14

Effluent Quality Assessment of Selected Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan for Irrigation Purposes: Water Quality Index Approach

Ibrahim Mohamad Najib

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

206--216

EN

The use of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes will be an essential component for sustainable water resources management, especially in the water-stressed countries as in Jordan. In this context, an attempt has been made to determine the suitability of effluent quality of selected wastewater treatment plants in Jordan for the irrigation purposes based on weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) approach, according to the Jordanian standards for reclaimed domestic wastewater. The effluent wastewater quality records from 22 wastewater treatment plants within a one-year-monitoring period from March 2015 to February 2016 were used. Fifteen physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were selected to calculate WQI. According to the WQI scale classification, most of the selected wastewater treatment plants were not in full compliance with the Jordanian standards for the reclaimed domestic wastewater regarding the direct reuse of treated wastewater for the irrigation purposes. Therefore, for category A (i.e., vegetables that are normally eaten cooked, parking areas, sides of roads inside cities, and playgrounds), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and six plants as a "Good water" class. For category B (i.e., irrigation of fruit trees, green areas, and sides of roads outside the cities), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and twelve plants as a "Good water" class. For category C (i.e., irrigation of industrial crops, field crops, and forest trees), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and fifteen plants as a "Good water" class. The effective weight calculations identified that E. coli is considered the most effective parameter in the WQI values in category A, and to a lesser extent, SAR, pH, BOD, and NO3−. For category B, the SAR, pH and E. coli parameters are considered the most effective parameters in the WQI values. In turn, for category C, the SAR, pH, and PO4–3 parameters are considered the most effective parameters in the WQI values. Thus, these parameters based on category are considered as the main parameters which degrade the effluent wastewater quality for irrigation purposes. The results of this study are beneficial for the water managers and policymakers for proper actions on water resources and agricultural management in Jordan.

15

Assessing Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Jordan: Application of Water Quality Index

Ibrahim Mohamad Najib

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

101--111

EN

Groundwater is a key source of drinking water in Jordan. This study was conducted to assess the suitability of groundwater in major groundwater basins in Jordan for drinking purposes. The groundwater quality data from sixteen sampling stations within one-year-monitoring period from March 2015 to February 2016 were used. Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) with respect to the Jordanian standards for drinking water was used for quality assessment. Sixteen Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were selected to calculate WQI. The result showed that all physical and chemical parameters were almost below the maximum allowable level based on the Jordanian standards for drinking. On the other hand, the microbiological parameter (i.e. E.coli count) was exceeded the maximum allowable limit in all the studied locations based on the Jordanian standards for drinking water. The computed WQI values range from 40 to 4295. Therefore, out of 16 studied locations, three locations are classified in the “Excellent water” class, nine locations as a “Good water” class, one as a “Poor water” class, two as a “very poor water” class, and one as a “water unsuitable for drinking purpose” class. Furthermore, Escherichia coli is considered the most effective parameter on the determination of WQI in this study. This result highlighted the importance of including the microbiological parameters in any drinking water assessment, since they reflect with other physical and chemical parameters the actual condition of water quality for different purposes.

16

Medical Waste Management in Al-Basheer State Hospital - Current Situation and Future Prospects

Qteishat Omar

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2019

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Vol. 29, no. 2

50--59

EN

In the Middle East and North Africa Jordan is considered as the top medical tourism due to the high level of medical specialized medical centers in the country. In Jordan Ministry of Health monitors, evaluate, enforces, and regulates requirements of medical waste management over medical waste instructions No. 1/2001. Al-Bashir Hospital is the largest hospital in Jordan. It is built on 156 acres and consists of 49 buildings and 80 departments. It has been reported that Al-Bashir Hospital has 1150 medical bed in 2019 and expected to increase to 1500. About 3200 employee and 1100 clean workers give the medical treatment and service for 7000 patient per day and 1.5 million patient per year. The present situation of medical waste management in Al-Bashir Hospital has many problems. The most important is the pressure imposed by heavy population around the incineration unit in the Hospital. Furthermore, the change from incineration to autoclave is faced by high cost of the autoclaves. The quantity of medical waste created by Al-Bashir Hospital is up to 703.8 ton which constitutes about 33% of the total medical waste in Jordan. The high cost of fuel resulted in wrong acts in Al-Bashir Hospital like mixing medical waste with household waste and incineration at lower temperature (about 600 °C). If the incineration unit in Al-Bashir Hospital is closed the expenses will range from US$ 400,000 to 2.5 million.

17

Wybrane aspekty metodologiczne dokumentacji zabytków podczas nowych archeologicznych badań powierzchniowych przeprowadzonych przez Uniwersytet Jagiellońskiw Krakowie w regionie miasta At-Tafi la (Jordania)

Karmowski J.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

|

2017

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Nr 50

44--53

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wybrane aspekty metodologiczne nowego projektu archeologicznych badań powierzchniowych przeprowadzonych przez Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie w regionie miasta At-Tafi la (płd. Jordania). Nacisk położony jest głównie na metodykę prac prowadzonych w dwóch pierwszych sezonach badań. Przedstawiona jest również krótka historia projektu. Wymagający górski teren wybrany do badań oraz duża liczba odkrytych artefaktów wymaga odpowiedniego podejścia oraz właściwych metod dokumentacji i organizacji danych zebranych przy pomocy dostępnych urządzeń GPS i oprogramowania GIS.

EN

This paper presents some methodological aspects of a recent archaeological surface survey carried out by Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Poland) in the at-Tafila region of Jordan. It focuses mainly on methodological aspects of the survey and GIS technology in the first two seasons of the project along with a brief history of the research. The difficult mountain terrain and the large amount of artifacts discovered required appropriate methods of recording and gathering the data, using available GPS devices and GIS software.

18

Production of Biodiesel from Local Available Algae in Jordan

Aljabarin N., Al Jarrah A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 6

8--12

EN

The present study aims at producing diesel out of algae. The production of biodiesel was performed at Tafila Technical University laboratories. The algae were brought from Almansora stream at Tafila governorate - Jordan and afterwards dried in an oven at 80 °C for 12 hours. The dried algae were ground using disc mill until powder was obtained. The powdered algae underwent a distillation process with the addition of iron sulphate hydrate to the algae using a distillation column in order to extract the oil. Methanol was added to the oil, which was obtained from the distillation and using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, the product was then separated in a funnel for about 10 hours until two layers of the solution were obtained; the organic layer represents the biodiesel. The biodiesel attributes are similar to the diesel oil, except that it reduces the emission of carbon dioxide CO2 and there is no emission of sulphur dioxide SO2.

19

Testing feldspar luminescence dating of young archaeological heated materials using potshards from Pella (Tell Tabqat Fahl) in the Jordan valley

Al Khasawneh S., Murray A. S., Bourke S., Bonatz D.

Geochronometria

|

2017

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Vol. 44, no. 1

98--110

EN

Recent developments in the use of more stable feldspar signals in the luminescence dating of sediments offer the possibility of obtaining accurate feldspar luminescence ages for ceramic artefacts; this is especially interesting in locations which do not provide suitable quartz extracts. Here we examine the application of the stable infrared stimulated luminescence signal measured at elevated temperature (in this case 290°C; pIRIR290) after stimulation at about room temperature to Levantine pottery samples. A total of 52 potsherds were collected from three superimposed iron-age units at Pella (Jordan); based on 14C dating, typology and seriation these units were deposited between 700 and 900 BCE. Sand-sized quartz extracts were unsuitable, and there was insufficient sand-sized feldspar, and so polymineral fine grains were chosen for dating. Various tests for reliability were undertaken (dose recovery, dependence of De on first stimulation temperature etc.). The pIRIR signals are weak, and 14 potsherds were rejected on this basis. Of the remainder, 3 were confidently identified as outliers. Based on those sherds for which IR signals were sufficiently intense, we use the ratio of the IR50 to pIRIR290 signals to argue that these outliers do not arise from incomplete resetting during manufacture. The ages from each layer are considerably over dispersed (typically by ~25%) but average ages for each unit are consistent with each other and with the expected age range. The average OSL age for the site is 2840 ± 220 years (n = 35), with the overall uncertainty dominated by systematic uncertainties; this average is consistent with the range of 14C ages from 970–1270 BCE reported from across the destruction horizon. We conclude that the pIRIR290 signal is delivering accurate ages, but that the variability in age from shard to shard is much greater than would be expected from known sources of uncertainty. This demonstrates the need for site ages to be based on multiple samples; individual shard ages are unlikely to be sufficiently accurate.

20

Development of sustainable assessment method and design tool for existing and traditional buildings in Jordan

Matarneh R. T.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2017

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Vol. 10, no. 4

15--31

EN

In the last ten years, numerous Sustainability Assessment Systems have been developed worldwide to provide construction stakeholders tools that help in achieving better sustainable development. Jordan developed its own Green Building Guideline in 2013 for new buildings but unfortunately, the guideline hasn’t included any criteria for existing or traditional buildings. The main objective of this study is to develop a sustainable Assessment Method for existing and traditional buildings to assist both public and private construction sectors in Jordan in achieving more sustainable buildings. The adopted methodology is based on in-depth analysis of three leading international green building rating systems, which are: LEED and BREEAM and Green Globes, from which a system was developed to meet the requirements of the Jordanian National Building Code. It is expected that the implementation of the developed sustainability assessment method will ease the process of measuring sustainability of existing and traditional buildings and therefore will highlight the importance of traditional architecture to set out fundamental principles for contemporary green housing construction.

PL

W ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat na całym świecie opracowano wiele systemów oceny zrównoważonego rozwoju, aby zapewnić zainteresowanym stronom narzędzia budowlane, które pomagają w osiągnięciu lepszego zrównoważonego rozwoju. W 2013 r. w Jordanii opracowano własne wytyczne w zakresie zielonych budynków dla nowych budynków, ale niestety w wytycznych nie zawarto żadnych kryteriów dotyczących istniejących lub tradycyjnych budynków. Głównym celem tego badania jest opracowanie zrównoważonej metody oceny istniejących i tradycyjnych budynków, aby pomóc zarówno prywatnym, jak i publicznym sektorom budowlanym w Jordanii w osiąganiu bardziej zrównoważonych budynków. Przyjęta metodologia opiera się na dogłębnej analizie trzech wiodących międzynarodowych systemów oceny budynków ekologicznych: LEED, BREEAM oraz Green Globes, z których opracowano system spełniający wymagania Jordańskiego Krajowego Kodeksu Budowlanego. Oczekuje się, że wdrożenie opracowanej metody oceny zrównoważonego rozwoju ułatwi proces pomiaru zrównoważenia istniejących i tradycyjnych budynków, a tym samym podkreśli znaczenie tradycyjnej architektury dla określenia podstawowych zasad dla współczesnego zielonego budownictwa mieszkaniowego.