Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Development of the hybrid distributed Bragg reflectors for mid-infrared applications

Mikulicz Monika, Badura Mikołaj, Rygała Michał, Smołka Tristan, Macherzyński Wojciech, Łozińska Adriana, Motyka Marcin

Opto-Electronics Review

|

2024

|

Vol. 32, No. 1

art. no. e149168

EN

In this study, an analysis of the optical performance of two types of distributed Bragg reflector structures based on GaAs and InP material systems was carried out. The structures were designed for maximum performance at 4 μm with their reflectivity achieving between 80 and 90% with eight pairs of constituent layers. To further enhance the performance of these structures, additional Au layers were added at the bottom of the structure with Ti precoating applied to improve the adhesivity of the Au to the semiconductor substrate. The optimal range of Ti layer thickness resulting in the improvement of the maximum reflectivity was determined to be in between 5 and 15 nm.

2

Zastosowanie techniki FTIR i metod chemometrycznych do oceny procesu biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych osadem czynnym

Piaskowski Krzysztof, Walendzik Bartosz

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2024

|

Nr 1

32--39

PL

Biologiczny proces osadu czynnego jest najpopularniejszą metodą stosowaną w licznych oczyszczalniach ścieków, która z reguły pozwala na uzyskanie wymaganego efektu ekologicznego. Jednakże charakteryzuje się ona również pewną niestabilnością uzyskiwanych efektów zależną od warunków i parametrów, na które częściowo eksploatator nie ma wpływu. Dlatego też poszukuje się szybkich technik analitycznych do kontroli i oceny osadu czynnego, które w przypadku pojawienia się nieprawidłowości w komorach biologicznych pozwolą na podjęcie decyzji operacyjnych korygujących proces, jak również jego optymalizację. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano możliwości wykorzystania analizy FTIR-DRIFT zawiesiny osadu czynnego połączonej z analizą chemometryczną wybranych parametrów osadu i ścieków do oceny procesu oczyszczania na poszczególnych etapach pracy reaktora biologicznego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zastosowanie techniki FTIR do szybkiej oceny procesu biologicznego jest możliwe, a w połączeniu z modelowaniem PLS i po odpowiednim skalibrowaniu z wartościami parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych może stanowić element kontrolny w eksploatacji oczyszczalni ścieków.

EN

The activated sludge process is the most popular method used in many sewage treatment plants, which usually allows to achieve the required ecological effect. However, it is also characterized by a certain instability of the obtained effects, depending on conditions and parameters which are partly beyond the operator's influence. Therefore, rapid analytical techniques are being sought for the control and assessment of activated sludge, which, in the event of irregularities occurring in biological tanks, will allow operational decisions to be made to correct the process as well as its optimization. This article presents the possibilities of using FTIR-DRIFT analysis of activated sludge suspension combined with chemometric analysis of selected sludge and sewage parameters to assess the course of the purification process at various stages of operation of the biological reactor. The obtained results indicate that the use of the FTIR technique for rapid assessment of a biological process is possible, and in combination with PLS modeling and after appropriate calibration with physical and chemical parameters, it can constitute a control element in the operation of sewage treatment plants.

3

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid content, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities, and Functional Groups of Chemicals from Hypericum perforatum L., and Papaver Rhoeas L. Flower Extracts

Afqir Hajar, Belmalha Saadia, Farihi Ayoub, Elbouzidi Amine, Bouhrim Mohamed, Elrherabi Amal, Boutagayout Abdellatif, Oubihi Asmae, Ouhssine Mohammed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 2

88--101

EN

In this study, the authors aimed to compare the phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids), antioxidant activity, functional groups present in the compounds (FTIR), and anti-microbial effects, in the aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from flowers of commercial Hypericum perforatum and native Papaver Rhoeas from Morocco. P. Rhoeas L was collected from El Lhaj Kaddour near Meknes, while H. perforatum L was bought in a dried state from a Moroccan herbalist in the same city. Total polyphenols were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH and antimicrobial effects were tested against six bacteria (Gram– and Gram+). The aqueous and methanol extracts of P. Rhoeas had the highest TPC value (23.67 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g; 15.86 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g) compared to H. perforatum (15.26 ± 1.30 mg GAE/g; 5.50 ± 1.13 GAE/g). The aqueous extract of Papaver Rhoeas exhibited the highest TFC at 14.36 ± 0.49 mg QE/g, while the methanol extract of Hypericum perforatum had the highest 10.65 ± 0.49 mg QE/g in TFC. In contrast, the methanol and aqueous extracts of H. perforatum showed significant zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (9.5 ± 0.5 mm and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.33 ± 0.58 mm and 9.33 ± 0.58 mm) respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated at 10 μL/ml. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the extracts of both plants are rich in bioactive molecules with potential biological activities and a pharmaceutical industry perspective. Consequently, these Papaver Rhoeas and Hypericum perforatum extracts exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

4

Assessment of oil change intervals in urban buses based on the selected physicochemical properties of used engine oils

Gołębiowski Wojciech, Zając Grzegorz, Sejkorová Marie, Wolak Artur

Combustion Engines

|

2024

|

R. 63, nr 1

15--23

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of selected physicochemical parameters of engine oils after their use. The oils were obtained both from urban buses belonging to the fleet of a municipal transport company in Lublin, Poland but also from the city of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. Five samples of 10W40 semi-synthetic oil and four samples of 5W30 synthetic oil were tested. Kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100°C, oxidation, nitration, sulfonation, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), remaining antiwear additives, water content and glycol content, were assessed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The tests were performed on the basis of the ASTM E2412-10 standard. The article also presents the exceedance of the limit values results for the selected parameters. The results of the research can be used in optimizing the engine oil change interval so that the decision to replace the oil is justified both in economic and technical terms, taking into account the need to maintain the service life of the bus.

5

Monitoring a metabolic profile of wheat by using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods — concept studies

Borek-Dorosz Aleksandra, Kurczab Rafał

Science, Technology and Innovation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 1-2

41--75

EN

Changes in plants under the influence of a variety of chemical and physical factors are reflected in metabolomic changes. To date, there are very few methods that would allow studying metabolic changes occurring in single cells. Spectroscopic methods especially combined with the chemometrics methods are a very good tool to investigate such changes in metabolomics. Tracking changes in plants is of particular importance in industry, especially when studying how the use of fertilizers affects plants. In this paper, we present preliminary research as concept of proof to examine whether the use of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) helps to monitor the changes in the metabolomic profile of the plants. For preliminary research, four species of cereals and cuckooflower were used. In this step, it was possible to verify the differences in metabolites that are produced by plants belonging to different families. Then one species of grain was selected and subjected to eleven different physical and chemical factors. Next, the research was expanded to determine the optimal concentration of hydrogen peroxide. FTIR spectra of leaves and extracts of the plants were obtained for all experimental groups and then analyzed with the use of chemometric methods: HCA (Hierarchical Component Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Those methods were used to help in the interpretation of metabolic changes resulting in the plant in response to external factors.

6

Investigating the ageing process of polymer modified bitumen using a modified Thin-Film Oven Test in the aspect of recycling purpose

Farid Miftah, Król Jan

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

|

2023

|

Vol. 22, no. 4

379--386

EN

Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) is a widely used material for road construction. Commonly, PMBs are produced by mixing bitumen with various types of Styrene- Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) copolymers and, if necessary, with another additive such as a cross-linking agent to improve the material’s performance. The ageing process of PMBs is more complex than unmodified bitumen due to molecular interactions between the bitumen and the polymer. Previous studies suggest that the polymer modifier dominates the chemical degradation of PMBs during short-term ageing, while long-term ageing is dominated by bitumen oxidation. As a result, RAP containing PMB as its binder still contains polymer in its chemical composition, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the ageing process of PMBs. In current practice, RAP is heated before being mixed with virgin materials to allow reactivation of its aged binder. This study proposes a modified Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) as an ageing simulation method, with variations in time and temperature to simulate ageing during the RAP mixing process. The bitumen oxidation phenomenon mostly dominates the ageing process. From quantitative indices analysis, under short duration and lower temperature conditions, the polymer degradation helps to resist ageing shortly. Moreover, the DSR test shows that ageing caused the PMB to increase in complex modulus while decreasing in phase angle, indicating hardening and shifting toward more elastic behaviour. The most prominent effect of ageing can be observed at lower test temperature for phase angle and higher test temperature for complex modulus. Generally, the ageing conditions’ temperature has a more significant role in dictating the ageing effect on PMB than the duration.

PL

Asfalt modyfikowany polimerami (PMB) to szeroko stosowany materiał do budowy dróg. Powszechnie asfalt modyfikowany polimerami wytwarzany jest poprzez mieszanie bitumu z różnymi rodzajami kopolimerów styrenowo-butadienowo-styrenowych (SBS) oraz, w razie potrzeby, z innym dodatkiem, takim jak środek sieciujący, w celu poprawy wydajności materiału. Proces starzenia asfaltów modyfikowanych polimerami jest bardziej złożony niż niemodyfikowanego asfaltu ze względu na interakcje molekularne między asfaltem a polimerem. Wcześniejsze badania sugerują, że modyfikator polimeru dominuje w degradacji chemicznej asfaltów modyfikowanych polimerami podczas starzenia krótkoterminowego, podczas gdy starzenie długoterminowe jest zdominowane przez utlenianie bitumu. W rezultacie destrukt asfaltowy zawierający asfalt modyfikowany polimerami jako spoiwo nadal zawiera polimer w swoim składzie chemicznym, co podkreśla potrzebę kompleksowego zrozumienia procesu starzenia asfaltów modyfikowanych polimerami. W obecnej praktyce destrukt asfaltowy jest podgrzewany przed zmieszaniem z materiałami pierwotnymi, aby umożliwić reaktywację jego starzejącego się spoiwa. W niniejszym badaniu zaproponowano metodę cienkiej warstwy (TFOT) jako metodę symulacji starzenia, ze zmianami czasu i temperatury w celu symulacji starzenia podczas procesu mieszania destruktu asfaltowego. Zjawisko utleniania bitumu przeważnie dominuje w procesie starzenia. Z analizy wskaźników ilościowych wynika, że w warunkach krótkiego czasu trwania i niższej temperatury degradacja polimeru pomaga w krótkim czasie ograniczyć proces starzenia. Co więcej, badanie DSR wykazało, że starzenie spowodowało wzrost złożonego modułu asfaltu modyfikowanego polimerami przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu kąta fazowego, co wskazuje na utwardzenie i przesunięcie w kierunku bardziej elastycznego zachowania. Najbardziej widoczny efekt starzenia można zaobserwować w niższej temperaturze testowej dla kąta fazowego i wyższej temperaturze testowej dla modułu zespolonego. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, temperatura warunków starzenia odgrywa bardziej znaczącą rolę w dyktowaniu wpływu starzenia na asfalt modyfikowany polimerami niż czas jego trwania.

7

Synteza poliuretanu z udziałem biomonomerów i jego recykling chemiczny

Włoch Marcin, Wojciechowska Barbara, Datta Janusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 12

1387--1393

PL

Przeprowadzono recykling chemiczny (aminoliza i glikoliza) zsyntezowanego wcześniej poliuretanu, otrzymanego z wykorzystaniem surowców pochodzenia naturalnego, oraz zbadano podstawowe właściwości otrzymanych produktów depolimeryzacji chemicznej. Poliuretan otrzymano metodą prepolimerową, wykorzystując surowce pochodzenia naturalnego, czyli poliol Priplastᵀᴹ 1838 i diizocyjanian Tolonateᵀᴹ X FLO 100. Łańcuchy prepolimeru uretanowego zostały przedłużone z wykorzystaniem 1,4-butanodiolu (BDO). Depolimeryzację prowadzono, stosując trietylenotetraminę (TETA) i glikol etylenowy (GE), przy stosunkach masowych poliuretanu do czynnika depolimeryzującego równych 2:1, 1:1 i 1:2. Strukturę chemiczną poliuretanu i otrzymanych produktów depolimeryzacji zweryfikowano z wykorzystaniem spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR). Dla uzyskanych produktów recyklingu chemicznego oznaczono liczbę aminową oraz określono właściwości reologiczne i stabilność termiczną (z wykorzystaniem analizy termograwimetrycznej).

EN

Polyurethane was synthesized using bio-based substances (com. polyol and diisocyanate) and then chem. depolymerized with NH₂CH₂CH₂(NHCH₂CH₂) ₂NH₂ or ethylene glycol using a molar ratio of polyurethane to the decomposing agent of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2. The chem. structure of polyurethane and the obtained depolymn. products was verified using FTIR. The amine no., rheological properties and thermal stability (using TGA) of the obtained chem. recycling products were detd.

8

Mycoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil by Using Indigenous Metallotolerant Fungi

Akram Muhammad Bilal, Khan Ibrar, Ur Rehman Mujaddad, Sarwar Abid, Ullah Najeeb, ur Rahman Shafiq, Aziz Tariq, Alharbi Metab, Alshammari Abdulrahman, Alasmari Abdullah F.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 25, nr 3

1--13

EN

The present study was aimed to identify the indigenous fungal strains which could possibly be applied to the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The contaminated soil samples of Korangi Industrial Estate Karachi were found to have total concentration of Cu 1.044 mgL1 , and Pb 0.631 mgL–1. A total of eight indigenous strains of the fungus were isolated and screened for bioremediation capacity from heavy metals-contaminated soil. For the bioremediation of Lead (Pb) these same indigenous eight fungal strains were used for biological remediation. All the fungal isolated with enhanced bioremediation capability were through phenotypic and genotypical characterization. The topology of the phylograms established that the fungal isolates used in this study were allocated to: K1 (Penicillium notatum), K2 (Aspergillus parasiticus), K3 (Aspergillus fumigatus), K4 (Aspergillus flavus), K5 (Aspergillus terries), K6 (Fusarium solani), K7 (Penicillium chrysogenum), K8 (Aspergillus niger), K9 (Penicillium piceum) and K10 (Penicillium restrictum). Thus, K8 fungal isolate was found to be more efficient with maximum bioremediation capacity, for copper and lead removal efficiency, and selected for FTIR and SEM to find out the uptake of Cu and Pb which of the functional groups are involved, and further to detect the effects of bioleaching of both heavy metals on to the surface of K8 fungus biomass. The current study indicates that indigenous fungal isolates could be used with high potency to remediate or clean up the heavy metals-contaminated soil either by the technique of in situ or ex-situ bioremediation.

9

Chemical and Elemental Composition of Ammi visnaga L. and Calendula officinalis L. from Meknes, Morocco

Benabderrahmane Asmae, Atmani Majid, Rhioui Wijdane, Boutagayout Abdellatif, Errachidi Faouzi, Belmalha Saadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 8

84--94

EN

The powders of Ammi visnaga L. and Calendula officinalis L. plants collected from Meknes region were subjected to three types of analysis, including Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, CHNS/O analysis, and ICP-AES analysis with the aim of comparing and giving an insight into the nutritional value, medicinal properties, and potential applications in different fields. The results of the FTIR analysis showed absorbance bands in the same wavelengths, but with different peaks, indicating the presence of long-chain linear aliphatic compounds, lipids, amides, aromatic compounds, and other functional groups in both plants. The CHNS/O analysis revealed high levels of carbon and oxygen, followed by hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur for both plants, with no significant differences in the values. The ICP analysis detected 16 minerals, including calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium in Ammi visnaga, and low levels of sodium in comparison to Calendula officinalis. Calendula officinalis accumulated more aluminum and lead than Ammi visnaga, indicating higher tolerance to contaminations. Zinc, iron, manganese, and copper were important micronutrients present in both plants. The findings of this study suggest that both plants have significant amounts of phytochemical compounds and minerals, which could be beneficial for their potential use in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries.

10

Assessment of Indoor Microplastic Particles Pollution in Selected Sites of Mosul City

Al-Hussayni Rihab Salih, Al-Ahmady Kossay K., Mhemid Rasha Khalid Sabri

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 9

322--332

EN

Among the most significant sources of microplastics (MPs) for humans is indoor dust. However, very few researchers have studied the properties and abundance of MPs that existed in dust from different indoor environments. The current study investigated microplastic fallout in 90 locations (5 kindergartens, 6 mosques, 5 schools, 10 shops, 5 cafeterias, 6 hospitals, 25 dormitories, 7 barber salons, 6 offices, 5 scientific laboratories, 5 pharmacies, and 5 medical clinics) during six months. Among the ninety sampling sites, the most significant average of MPs was actually found in the kindergartens (4.743×103 ± 427 MP/m2 /d), in contrast, the lowest abundance was in the medical clinics (3.02×102 ± 62 MP/m2 /d). The majority of indoor dust samples contained MPs in the form of fibers. The dominant colour of dust samples was transparent, followed by black, red, blue, green, and yellow. A total of six types of polymers were identified, including polystyrene (PS, 39%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 20%), polypropylene (PP, 17%), polyethylene (PE, 13), polyamide (PA, 7%) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 3%). PS, PET, and PP represent most of the MPs polymer types discovered in indoor dust samples from various locations. These polymers are frequently used in fabrics, furniture, carpets, packaging, and synthetic fibers. Statistical analysis was performed on the results using Excel 2019. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in each site with the other sites, except between (schools and mosques), (pharmacies, and medical clinics). The similarity between these sites in terms of people’s activity or in terms of furniture, the lack of carpets and curtains could explain the insignificant difference.

11

The characterization study of inhibited silica/silicate scale using vinyl sulfonated copolymer (VS-Co)

Sazali R.A.b., Sorbie K. S., Boak L. S., Azman A. Z., Mohd Saaid I.b., Dollah A.b., Kassim Shaari N.Z.b., Ismail K.N.b.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 117, nr 2

57--70

EN

Purpose Silica/silicate scale is a significant problem, especially in oilfield production during Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding, where chemical inhibitors are the preferred method to prevent them. In this study, the effect of inhibitor vinyl sulfonated copolymer (VS-Co) on silica/silicate scale formation was analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Design/methodology/approach The functional group type of VS-Co are sulfonate ions, SO3-, and these interact in the scaling process. Bulk-inhibited scaling brine tests were conducted at 60°C and pH 8.5. During these tests, the silicon brine (with VS-Co) representing the inhibited ASP leachate was mixed with a magnesium brine representing the connate water to replicate reservoir conditions during ASP flooding. The samples tested in this study were non-inhibited Si/Mg mixed brine of 60 ppm Mg2+ and 940 ppm Si4+ (60Mg:940Si) as a blank, and inhibited 60Mg:940Si mixture with various VS-Co concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The inhibition efficiency of the VS-Co was determined, followed by the characterisation study of the silica/silicate scale deposited from both test conditions. Findings The IR spectra of all 60Mg:940Si samples show a similar peak at 1050 cm-1 to 1080 cm-1, attributed to a Si-O covalent bond and a band at 790 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 showing the presence of Si-O-Si stretching. XRD patterns produced a broad scattering peak for all samples at 2θ of 24° showing that the samples are amorphous silica. For tests of high Mg2+ in the brine mix, 900Mg:940Si, a mix of crystalline silica and crystalline magnesium silicate was produced. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the scale formed even with 100 ppm of VS-Co present. Further studies are required to address how to mitigate scale formation effectively in the future. Research limitations/implications Based on the research conducted, we can conclude that the VS-Co alone could not significantly inhibit the formation of silica/silicate scale even at the highest concentration (100 ppm) of VS-Co. However, having VS-Co present caused an alteration in IR spectra frequency which requires further investigation to assess how best to develop the inhibiting properties of the VS-Co product. The application of nanoparticles and their successful stories spark the interest of authors in searching for an efficient method of managing the silica/silicate scale where the modification of potential scale inhibitor (SI) with nanoparticles may be able to improve the inhibition efficiency towards the silicate/silicate scale. Practical implications The presence of VS-Co in the scaling brine only slightly inhibits the Mg2+ ion (initially comes from connate water) from reacting. It is worth further investigation on how this VS-Co can make it happen. Hence, the functional groups responsible for this may be altered by adding other functional groups to provide a synergistic effect in preventing this silica/silicate scale; or by modifying the VS-Co with nanoparticles to improve their adsorption/desorption capacity. Originality/value The newly developed technique in analysing the inhibition mechanism of a chemical inhibitor using various spectroscopic analysis is promising where an alteration in the spectra may provide proof of the chemical’s inhibition efficiency.

12

Oxidative Aging Characterization of Pyro-Oil Modified Binders Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Bhagat Nikita Taran, Hadole Hemantkumar Prakash, Ranadive Mahadeo Sambhaji

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no 1

140--149

EN

The numerous uses for plastics in various industries have led to an increase in its manufacturing on a global scale over time. The accumulation of plastic waste is a direct result of the daily rise in plastic demand. One of the effective and trending ways of reducing the impact of plastic waste on the environment is to pyrolyze it and use the oil obtained from it as fuel for power generation, heating, extraction of chemicals, or as an asphalt binder modifier. In this study, an attempt was made for the modification of asphalt binder with the oil obtained from plastic waste pyrolysis known as pyro-oil, and to analyse aging properties of the modified binder. This paper deals with the modification of VG30 binder with pyro-oil obtained from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste and the analysing the effect of aging on the modified binders. Pyro-oil is yielded from the pyrolysis process of HDPE at about 750°C. The modified binders were prepared by adding 1%, 2%, and 3% pyro-oil by total weight of VG30. The effect of aging for the unmodified and modified binders was analyzed using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The binders were short term aged and the changes in their chemical functionalities before and after aging were analyzed. Results of the FTIR test were used to calculate functional group indices for evaluating the aging characteristics of the modified binders. It was observed that binder chemistry is influenced by aging.

13

Assessment of Removal of Fines from Reclaimed Asphalt Binder Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Dare Pranoti Deepak, Hedaoo Namdeo

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no 4

79--88

EN

The natural environment is suffering greatly from population growth, industrialization, and waste production. When pavements are to be repaired or reconstructed, the waste material poses a threat as it is landfilled and not used up to its potential. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been gaining importance as there is a depletion of natural resources as well as its potential to perform well if reused or recycled. The extraction and recovery process is carried out to evaluate the properties of the aged binder in RAP. Extraction and recovery need to be coupled with gravitational sedimentation and filtration for the removal of mineral fillers from the aged binder + solvent solution. This study uses Centrifuge extraction and a rotary evaporator for extraction and recovery, respectively. In this study, three different solvents, namely tri-chloroethylene (TCE), toluene, and n-propyl bromide (nPB) are used for the centrifuge extraction. Extraction was followed by gravitational sedimentation and filtration. The results were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gravitational sedimentation is carried out and samples are tested after 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 1440 min by FTIR followed by filtration. In order to assess the properties of aged binder accurately, it should be free from mineral fines. Based on the properties of aged asphalt, percentages of RAP binder and rejuvenator by virgin binder can be evaluated. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiencies were affected by the type of solvent used for extraction.

14

Eco friendly synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles from borassus flabellifer fiber and its antibacterial activity against representative micro organisms

Vanitha R., Kavitha C., Ananda Kumar S.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, nr 4(78)

27--36

EN

The present study reports an easy eco-friendly, cost efficient, and rapid method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using palm sprouts as reducing cum capping agent. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was successfully performed using palm sprouts plant extract via a simple and cheaper eco-friendly method. Palm sprouts extract reduces silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. The resulting materials were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of various functional groups in the active biomolecules, it acts as a capping agent for the nanoparticles. The morphology of this sample was analyzed through SEM and the presence of silver was confirmed accordingly. The green synthesized Ag NPs exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and S. aureus besides imparting efficient antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria as well.

15

Mechanical characterization of Abutilon Indicum fiber nonwoven fabric epoxy composite materials

Chinnan Murugan Mohanraj, Ramasamy Rameshkumar, Mariappan Mathanbabu, Rajendran Barathiraja

Polimery

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 11-12

595--601

EN

The effect of nonwoven Abutilon Indicum fiber content (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 wt%) on the structure (FTIR, SEM) and selected mechanical and thermal (TGA) properties of epoxy resin was investigated. The best mechanical properties were obtained with a fiber content of 35 wt%. The tensile strength of the composite was about 40 MPa, the flexural strength over 60 MPa, and the compressive strength about 48 MPa. Moreover, the composite showed the fracture energy about 0.44 J.

PL

Zbadano wpływ zawartości włókna Abutilon Indicum (20, 25, 30, 35 i 40% mas.) na strukturę (FTIR, SEM) oraz wybrane właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne (TGA) żywicy epoksydowej. Najlepsze właściwości mechaniczne uzyskano przy zawartości włókna 35% mas. Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie tego kompozytu wynosiła ok. 40 MPa, wytrzymałość na zginanie powyżej 60 MPa, a na ściskanie ok. 48 MPa. Natomiast energia pęknięcia wynosiła ok. 0,44 J.

16

Effect of reaction time on the structure and optical properties of P3HT/MWCNT-OH nanocomposites

Nurazzi, Norizan Mohd, Abdullah Norli, Ngah Demon Siti Zulaikha, Halim Norhana Abdul, Sa'aya Nurul Syahirah Nasuha, Mohamad Imran Syakir

Polimery

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 5

205--211

EN

In the present study, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) coated hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-OH) nanocomposites were prepared over different reaction times of non-covalent functionalization. The reaction time was set as 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The structure and optical characteristics of nanocomposites were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, respectively. Reaction time affected prepared nanocomposites by decreasing the intensity of the P3HT/MWCNT-OH peaks gradually with increasing of the reaction time. Comparing with the pure P3HT and MWCNT-OH, the calculated energy band gap and the Urbach energy of the nanocomposites were reduced proportionally as the reaction time reached 120 hours and achieved 2.60 and 0.329 eV, respectively.

PL

Syntetyzowano hydroksylowane wielościenne nanorurki węglowe (MWCNT-OH) pokryte stereoregularnym poli(3-heksylotiofen-2,5-diylu) (P3HT) oraz zbadano wpływ czasu reakcji niekowalencyjnej funkcjonalizacji na strukturę i właściwości optyczne otrzymanego nanokompozytu. Czas reakcji wynosił 24, 48, 72, 96 i 120 godzin. W badaniach wykorzystano spektroskopię w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR) oraz ultrafioletową UV-Vis. Wraz ze wzrostem czasu reakcji następowało stopniowe zmniejszenie intensywności pików P3HT/MWCNT-OH. W porównaniu z P3HT i MWCNT-OH obliczona przerwa energetyczna i energia Urbacha zmniejszały się wraz z wydłużeniem czasu reakcji i osiągnęły odpowiednio 2,60 i 0,329 eV przy czasie reakcji 120 godzin.

17

Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon

Renitta R. E., Jebaseeli T. J., Dhanaraj A., Paul S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 113, nr 1

31--41

EN

Purpose: There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Design/methodology/approach: The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Findings: Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 μl/mg, 25 μl/mg, 50 μl/mg, and 75 μl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 μl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Research limitations/implications: Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. Practical implications: The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. Originality/value: The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

18

Some Aspects Concerning Titanium Coverage with Hydroxyapatite

Perju Manuela-Cristina, Nejneru Carmen, Vizureanu Petrica, Aelenei Andra-Adorata, Sandu Andrei Victor, Sachelarie Liliana, Nabiałek Marcin

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, iss. 2

521--527

EN

Generally, the metallic implants do not exhibit any bio-integration properties in contact with bone tissues. To improve the interfacial properties of metallic implants in contact with bone, the coatings with thin biocompatible films are used. Two methods to coating titanium implants with hydroxyapatite are described. The first is a two phase method, where by cathodic polarization is deposed a monetite film followed by an alkaline treatment when the monetite is converted to hydroxyapatite. The second method is a biomimetic deposition on an alkaline activate titanium surface, using a five time more concentrated simulated body fluid (5xSBF). After deposition this samples was drying at 120℃ and was sintered at 700℃ for three hours. Optical microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to characterize structure, morphology and compositions of the deposed films. In this study, electrochemical deposition and biomimetic deposition of hydroxyapatite are compared.

19

Ocena wpływu aktywacji bentonitu na jego właściwości sorpcyjne

Niziurska Natalia, Skokoń Magdalena, Ściślak Szymon, Wieczorek Wojciech, Fendrych Katarzyna

Analit

|

2022

|

Nr 12

23--35

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące oceny wpływu aktywacji bentonitu na jego zdolności sorpcyjne. W tym celu analizie poddano betonit surowy pochodzący ze słowackiego złoża Jelśovy Potok oraz betonit poddany procesowi aktywacji z wykorzystaniem Na2CO3. Materiał do badań stanowiły próbki bentonitu pobrane podczas wyjazdu technologicznego na terenie firmy CERTECH w Niedomicach. Proces aktywacji skutkuje wzrostem ilości wyługowanych z bentonitu rozpuszczalnych w wodzie składników oraz wzrostem pHPZC, tj. wartości pH przy którym powierzchnia zawiesiny bentonitu wykazuje w wodzie elektryczny ładunek zerowy. Ponadto proces aktywacji sodowej bentonitu skutkuje niemal 4-krotnym wzrostem wartości pojemności kationowymiennej CEC, która kształtuje się na poziomie 353.3 meq/100 g bentonitu aktywowanego. Analiza składu ilościowego oraz fazowego, dokonana w oparciu o wyniki uzyskane za pomocą odpowiednio spektroskopii fluorescencji rentgenowskiej XRF oraz dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej XRD, potwierdziła skuteczność zastosowanej procedury aktywacji bentonitu. Pomiary z wykorzystaniem spektroskopii FT-IR ujawniły pozostałość węglanu w strukturze materiału po procesie aktywacji. Badania mikrostrukturalne z wykorzystaniem skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej SEM wskazuje, iż proces aktywacji wpływa na różnice w rozmiarze ziaren bentonitu aktywowanego (126 μm) w stosunku do bentonitu surowego (512 μm). Wzrost rozwinięcia powierzchni swobodnej bentonitu aktywowanego wpływa korzystnie na jego zdolności sorpcyjne.

EN

This work presents results of research related to assessment of activation of bentonite on its sorption properties. Samples originated from Slovak deposit Jelśovy Potok, and bentonite activated with Na2CO3. Bentonite was aquired during field trip to CERTECH located in Niedomice, Poland. Process of activation leads to increase of amount of water soluble substances leached from bentonite and an increase in pHPZC. A specific value of pH in which surface of the bentonite displays zero electrical charge. Additionally, activation of bentonite results in almost 4 times increase of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), which is around 35.3 [meq/100g] of activated bentonite. Quantitive and phase analysis was conducted through results of XRF and XRD methods, and they showed clear effectiveness of bentonite activation. FT-IR analysis revealed residues of carbonates inside structures of bentonite, a byproduct of activation. SEM microscopy showed visible change to particulate size due to activation of bentonite. Activated bentonite had praticles sized 126 [μm] whilst raw bentonite had particles 512 [μm] in size. Siginificant increase in bentonite free surface is beneficial to its sorption abilities.

20

Badanie procesu sorpcji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) na bentonicie przy wykorzystaniu metod HPLC i FTIR

Majcher Damian, Olesek Paulina, Pecyna Natalia

Analit

|

2022

|

Nr 12

81--91

PL

W niniejszym artykule skupiono się na przedstawieniu wyników badań nad zdolnością sorpcji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) przez próbki pobrane z zakładu produkcyjnego CERTECH w Niedomicach, których głównym składnikiem jest bentonit. Zbadano cztery próbki - dwie bentonitu (niemodyfikowany i modyfikowany węglanem sodu) oraz dwa rodzaje żwirków. Zdolności sorpcyjne badano metodą HPLC sprawdzając zawartość składników WWA (pirenu, antracenu i benzo(a)pirenu) pozostałych po etapie desorpcji. Ponadto dokonano analizy struktury próbek w rożnych etapach sorpcji (metodą FTIR), co potwierdziło obecność jonów węglanowych CO32- w próbkach po modyfikacji.

EN

This article focuses on presenting the results of a study of the sorption capacity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by samples taken from the CERTECH production facility in Niedomice, the main component of which is bentonite. Four samples were examined - two samples of bentonite (unmodified and modified with sodium carbonate) and two types of grits. Sorption capacities were tested by HPLC checking the content of PAH components (pyrene, anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene) remaining after the desorption step. In addition, the structure of the samples at different sorption stages was analyzed (by FTIR), which confirmed the presence of CO32- carbonate ions in the samples after modification.