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1

Pro-environmental consumer engagement – behavioral changes in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

Kalińska-Kula Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 192

471--487

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article was to provide an overview of the phenomenon of the ecologization of consumption in the context of post-pandemic changes in consumer behaviors and attitudes. Design/methodology/approach: The critical analysis method used in literary research with the use of secondary sources was employed in the study. Findings: Contemporary consumption is inseparably linked to environmental concern, manifesting in the phenomenon of green consumerism. The trend of ecologizing consumption, stemming from the growing ecological awareness in society, was intensified in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the increasing popularity of green consumerism, the challenge lies in the "green gap" - the disparity between declared pro-environmental attitudes and the actual behaviors of consumers. Research limitations/implications: The paper is descriptive in nature. Further research should focus on developing a tool for measuring changes in consumer attitudes and behaviors following the COVID-19 pandemic. Social implications: The study identified significant aspects related to... Increasing the level of ecological awareness and shaping attitudes are only possible through public discourse and extensive information on the state and needs of the environment, as well as necessary pro-environmental actions. The social responsibility of consumers and the level of pro-environmental activities, as an expression of this responsibility, directly determine the quality of life for future generations. Originality/value: The novelty of the article lies in outlining the possibilities for the development of the concept of sustainable development in the context of the changes that the COVID-19 pandemic induced in the ecological awareness of many consumers.

2

Działalność szpitali podczas sytuacji kryzysowej w oparciu o doświadczenia z pandemii COVID-19

Mrożek Żaneta

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2024

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R. 14, Nr 31

37--56

PL

Szpital stanowi istotny element systemu ochrony zdrowia, który pełni kluczową rolę w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego ludności, również podczas zdarzeń o charakterze kryzysowym. Niestety w obliczu zagrożenia biologicznego jakim była pandemia COVID-19, mimo licznych wdrażanych rozwiązań, szpitale nie zapewniły realizacji wszystkich potrzeb zdrowotnych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli szpitali w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych oraz analiza ich funkcjonowania podczas pandemii COVID-19. W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy dostępnych źródeł i danych statystycznych oraz metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, techniki wywiadu skategoryzowanego, skoncentrowanego na problemie badawczym dotyczącym oceny działalności szpitali przez personel medyczny podczas zagrożenia biologicznego jakim była pandemia.

EN

The hospital is an essential part of the health system, which plays a key role in ensuring the health security of the population, including during crisis events. Unfortunately, in the face of a biological threat such as the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the numerous solutions implemented, hospitals did not ensure that all health needs were met. The aim of the article is to present the role of hospitals in emergency situations and to analyse their performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article uses the method of analysis of available sources and statistical data and the method of diagnostic survey, a categorised interview technique, focused on the research problem concerning the evaluation of the performance of hospitals by medical personnel during a biological threat such as the pandemic.

3

A few-shot learning approach for COVID-19 diagnosis using quasi-configured topological spaces

Liu Hui, Wang Chunjie, Jiang Xin, Khishe Mohammad

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

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2024

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Vol. 14, No. 1

77--95

EN

Accurate and efficient COVID-19 diagnosis is crucial in clinical settings. However, the limited availability of labeled data poses a challenge for traditional machine learning algorithms. To address this issue, we propose Turning Point (TP), a few-shot learning (FSL) approach that leverages high-level turning point mappings to build sophisticated representations across previously labeled data. Unlike existing FSL models, TP learns using quasi-configured topological spaces and efficiently combines the outputs of diverse TP learners. We evaluated TPFSL using three COVID-19 datasets and compared it with seven different benchmarks. Results show that TPFSL outperformed the top-performing benchmark models in both one-shot and five-shot tasks, with an average improvement of 4.50% and 4.43%, respectively. Additionally, TPFSL significantly outperformed the ProtoNet benchmark by 12.966% and 11.033% in one-shot and five-shot classification problems across all datasets. Ablation experiments were also conducted to analyze the impact of variables such as TP density, network topology, distance measure, and TP placement. Overall, TPFSL has the potential to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnoses for COVID-19 in clinical settings and can be a valuable tool for medical professionals.

4

Development of the tourism function of rural areas of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship in 2010 and 2020

Brodziński Zbigniew, Turkowski Konrad

Economics and Environment

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2024

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no. 1

art. no. 610

EN

Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship is a characteristic region of Poland due to its natural conditions, which means that the economy is primarily agricultural and touristic. One of the main, innovative directions of non-agricultural activities supported in the rural areas of the region is rural tourism together, implemented as part of the smart specialisation "Water economy". Analysis of 19 selected indicators of tourism, tourism development and potential, as well as technical infrastructure and finances of communes, showed that in 2010 of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship, the level of development of the tourism function of the rural areas was characterised by an average value of the synthetic Hellwig measure (0.13) and showed strong spatial heterogeneity. In 2020, under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this measure decreased only slightly to a value of 0.11, primarily due to the continuation of the region's tourism development planned for the long term. The spatial arrangement of the development of the tourism function in the analysed years remained virtually unchanged. The highest values for the development of the tourism function, both in 2010 and in 2020, were recorded in municipalities located in the area of the Great Mazurian Lakes, Powiśle and the other lake districts of the region. References

PL

Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie jest charakterystycznym regionem Polski, ze względu na warunki przyrodnicze, co powoduje, że gospodarka ma charakter przede wszystkim rolniczy i turystyczny. Jednym z głównych, innowacyjnych kierunków pozarolniczej działalności wspieranej na obszarach wiejskich regionu jest turystyka wiejska wraz z agroturystyką, realizowana w ramach inteligentnej specjalizacji “Ekonomia wody”. Analiza dziewiętnastu wybranych wskaźników ruchu turystycznego, zagospodarowania i potencjału turystycznego oraz infrastruktury technicznej i finansów gmin badanych obszarów wykazała, że w 2010 roku rozwój funkcji turystycznej charakteryzował się przeciętną wartością syntetycznego miernika Hellwiga (0.13) i charakteryzował się silną heterogeniczność przestrzenną. W roku 2020, w warunkach pandemii COVID–19, miernik ten uległ jedynie niewielkiemu obniżeniu do wartości 0.11, przede wszystkim dzięki kontynuacji zaplanowanego w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej rozwoju zagospodarowania turystycznego regionu. Układ przestrzenny rozwoju funkcji turystycznej w analizowanych latach pozostawał praktycznie bez zmian. Najwyższe wartości rozwoju funkcji turystycznej, zarówno w 2010, jak i w 2020 roku, odnotowano w gminach zlokalizowanych na obszarze Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich, Powiśla i pozostałych pojezierzy regionu.

5

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the secondary market of real estates. A case study

Słonina Andżelika, Krzyżek Robert, De Paola Pierfrancesco, Maciuk Kamil

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2024

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Vol. 23, no 1

5--12

EN

The topic of the paper is the analysis of the situation in the secondary real estate market in Krakow from 2017 to 2020. The research was conducted based on data obtained from the register of real estate prices and values. The results of the research helped detect changes occurring in the indicated years; the number of transactions in the housing market in the city oscillated around the value of 4,000 for each year. The high demand for real estate was significantly disrupted by 2020 and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite an almost 50% drop in the number of transactions and reduced interest from potential buyers, the price of 1m2 of residential space rose steadily. Thus, the pandemic only affected the number of transactions, while no deceleration of the rising trend was observed in terms of the average transaction price or the average price per square meter.

PL

Tematem pracy jest analiza sytuacji na rynku wtórnym nieruchomości w Krakowie w latach 2017- 2020. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych uzyskanych z rejestru cen i wartości nieruchomości. Wyniki badań pomogły wykryć zmiany zachodzące we wskazanych latach; liczba transakcji na rynku mieszkaniowym w mieście oscylowała wokół wartości 4000 dla każdego roku. Wysokie zapotrzebowanie na nieruchomości zostało znacząco zakłócone w 2020 roku w wyniku wybuchu pandemii COVID-19. Pomimo prawie 50% spadku liczby transakcji i zmniejszonego zainteresowania ze strony potencjalnych kupujących, cena 1m2 powierzchni mieszkalnej stale rosła. W związku z tym pandemia wpłynęła tylko na liczbę transakcji, natomiast nie zaobserwowano spowolnienia rosnącego trendu w zakresie średniej ceny transakcji czy średniej ceny za metr kwadratowy.

6

Effect of Curvature Shape of Transparent COVID-19 Protective Face Shields on the Speech Signal

Bjelić Miloš, Mijić Miomir, Miljković Tatjana, Šumarac Pavlović Dragana

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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Vol. 49, nr 1

27--35

EN

Recent papers and studies over the course of last three years have shown that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the speech communication quality between people. This paper presents an influence analysis of the curvature shape of protective transparent shields on the speech signal. Five shields made of the same material and dimensions but with different curvatures were analyzed, from a completely flat to a very curved shield which has the same shape of curvature at its top and bottom and covers the entire face. The influence of the shield is analyzed with two types of experiments – one using dummy head with integrated artificial voice device, and the other using real speakers (female and male actors). It has been shown that usage of protective shields results in a relative increase in the speech signal level, in the frequency range of around 1000 Hz, compared to the situation when protective shields are not used. The relative increase in speech signal levels for large-curvature shields can be up to 8 dB. The possible causes of this phenomenon have been analyzed and examined.

7

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial situation of students

Pawlak Jakub

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2023

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Nr 88

143--152

EN

This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial situation of students in Poland. The study aims to describe the experiences of students facing the challenges imposed by the pandemic, including disruptions in education, limited job opportunities, and changes in living arrangements. The research on current earnings, expenses and savings was conducted in June 2021 by means of a survey administered to 710 students, aged between 18 and 25, enrolled in various study programmes at higher education institutions in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The findings indicated that the pandemic had significant negative effects on students’ financial situations, with almost 20% of respondents reporting a worsening of their financial conditions. Many students relied on part-time jobs, which were disrupted due to restrictions. Additionally, the shift to online learning and living with family members caused additional stress and distractions. The findings of the research emphasise the need for targeted support measures to address the challenges faced by students during and after the pandemic, taking into account their diverse backgrounds and attitudes.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na sytuację finansową studentów w Polsce. Badanie ma na celu opisanie doświadczeń studentów stojących w obliczu wyzwań narzuconych przez pandemię, w tym zakłóceń w edukacji, ograniczonych możliwości zatrudnienia i zmian w warunkach życia. Badanie ogniskowane na kwestiach aktualnych przychodów, wydatków i oszczędności zostało przeprowadzone w czerwcu 2021 r. za pomocą ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród 710 studentów zapisanych na różne programy studiów na uczelniach wyższych zlokalizowanych w woj. wielkopolskim. Wyniki wskazują, że pandemia miała znaczący negatywny wpływ na sytuację finansową studentów, przy czym prawie 20% respondentów zgłosiło pogorszenie swojej sytuacji finansowej. Wielu studentów polegało na pracy w niepełnym wymiarze godzin, która została zakłócona z powodu ograniczeń. Ponadto przejście na naukę online i mieszkanie z członkami rodziny spowodowało dodatkowy stres i rozpraszało uwagę. Wyniki badania podkreślają potrzebę ukierunkowanych środków wsparcia, aby sprostać wyzwaniom stojącym przed uczniami w trakcie pandemii i po jej zakończeniu, biorąc pod uwagę ich różnorodne pochodzenie i postawy.

8

The Covid-19 pandemic as a moderator of relationship between applied project management methodologies and employer brand attractiveness

Sawicki Rafał, Zabłocka-Kluczka Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

655--677

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to investigate the relationship between the applied project management methodologies and the perception of the employer's brand attractiveness. In addition, an attempt was made to identify the variability of this relationship due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research was conducted to verify the existence of the predicted relationship and to reach the aim of the paper. The set of hypotheses was built based on the theoretical research and then verified in two differently constructed research (the study was conducted using the CAWI method) on two separate samples of respondents: 92 students (potential employees) and 81 employees working on projects in organizations operating in Poland. The calculations were made using the PS Imago Pro ver. 7.0 and Process macro for SPSS ver. 4.1 by Andrew F. Hayes. Findings: It has been shown that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic did not directly affect the perception of the employer's brand attractiveness, but it is a moderator of the relationship between the applied project management methodologies and the attractiveness of the employer's brand. However, although the authors found the basic relationship true for both groups of respondents, the moderating effect is valid only for a group of employees. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is based on a limited number of cases in particular groups. In order to generalize the results in future research larger samples can be collected. There is also space to search for factors explaining why and under what conditions the type of project management methodology affects the attractiveness of the employer's brand. Practical implications: The obtained results contribute to the practice of management, showing that among the various groups of factors determining the attractiveness of the employer's brand, the attributes of the work processes (which include also the selection of project management methodology) are important as well. Organizations that apply agile project management methodologies can be more attractive to employees, especially in times of crisis and attract the more qualified specialists in the industry. Thus emphasizing the use of agile project management methodologies can be part of an employer's branding strategy shaping. Originality/value: The research makes an important contribution to the body of human resources and project management literature by demonstrating COVID-19 as a significant moderator for the relationship between the applied project management methodologies and the attractiveness of the employer's brand.

9

Innovative trends in health tourism – medical, legal and organizational aspects

Borek Dominik, Bugajska Małgorzata, Raniszewski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

25--40

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is an attempt to show how important the field of tourism is health tourism, including medical tourism, legal, organizational and, above all, medical aspects are the key things presented in this article. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used the legal comparative method and the dogmatic-exegetical method, requiring the analysis of legal acts and views of the doctrine. Findings: The authors focused on presenting the most important things related to the subject of the article. In the era of post-pandemic COVID-19, maintaining proper health is crucial for many societies. We showed innovations in modern medical tourism from the point of view in medical, legal and organizational aspects. Research limitations/implications: Our research was limited to trends in organized medical tourism created by tour operators. Originality/value: We showed a new approach to the subject, from the point of view of three aspects: medical, legal and organizational. We have analyzed trends in organized medical tourism created by tour operators. The three approaches, which we present in the case of medical tourism should be discussed together. The article is addressed to people dealing with health and medical tourism, lawyers as well as people dealing with management and economy, as well as people professionally dealing with health care issues.

10

Covid-19: pandemic management in different parts of India

Wilinski Antoni, Sharma Ravindra, Arti M.K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

707--723

EN

Purpose: Managing a pandemic in individual countries is a concern not only of governments but also of WHO and the entire international community. The pandemic knows no bounds. In this context, India is a special country - with a huge population and a very large diversity of cultural, geographic, economic, poverty levels, and pandemic management methods. In this work, we try to assess the sum of the impact of these factors on the state of the epidemic by creating a ranking of Indian states from the least to the most endangered. Design/methodology/approach: As a method of creating such a ranking, we take into account two very, in our opinion, objective variables - the number of deaths and the number of vaccinations per million inhabitants of the region. In order not to make the usually controversial ascribing of weights to these factors, we relate them to the selected reference region - here to the capital city - Delhi. We apply a logical principle - the more vaccinations, the better and the more deaths - the worse. Findings: The results are rather surprising. Many small regions are safe regions, such as Andaman, Tripura or Sikkim, many large or wealthy states are at the end of this ranking, such as Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu. What was found in the course of the work? This will refer to analysis, discussion, or results. Originality/value: The method enables an indirect assessment of the quality of pandemic management in a given region of the country. It can be used for any country or even a group of countries or a continent. According to this criterion, the best state/region is intuitively the safest for residents. A small number of deaths and a large number of vaccinations may positively indicate the state of public health and good management of the fight against the pandemic by local and/or central authorities.

11

Comparison of the financial situation of local government units before and during the Covid pandemic

Bąk Iwona, Dawidowicz Dawid

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

43--56

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article was to determine the financial situation of various levels of local government units during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to selected periods from previous years. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the aim, the authors used one of the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis – the TOPSIS technique. The study included the most important indicators of the financial situation of local government units at all levels (voivodeships, poviats and communes). The authors used data from the Polish Ministry of Finance. Findings: According to the study results, the lower the level of local government, the greater the share of current income in total income, current transfers per capita, operating surplus per capita and total liabilities per capita. However, a negative trend was observed as well: the share of investment expenditure in total expenditure decreased at all levels of local government units. Research limitations/implications: An important limitation of the article was the inability to reach the managers of LGUs in order to learn their opinions on the functioning of these entities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications: A proportional decrease of investment expenditure in the overall expenditure of local government units may lead to deteriorated financial situation of enterprises that were beneficiaries of these orders. Social implications: A smaller proportion of investment expenditure in total expenditure means less investment for the local community (usually infrastructural) and, consequently, slower development of local government units. Originality/value: The originality of the study is based on the fact that it was conducted comprehensively and covered all communes, poviats and voivodships in Poland in 2018-2020.

12

Personal factors in mobility planning with virtual activities

Karoń Grzegorz, Meskhishvili David

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 2

17--30

EN

The main reason for contemporary transport problems related to traffic congestion in urban transport networks is the excessive number of passenger cars used by people commuting to work (i.e., to places where they carry out their work duties). During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant reduction in traffic flow was observed due to the implementation of remote work. Currently, transport problems are similar to those observed before the pandemic period. This article presents the results of research and a discussion on various factors, the recognition and analysis of which enable the virtualization of activities related to work duties. Contribution to the development of science and knowledge in the field of transport, and in particular in urban mobility planning, justifies the need for in-depth research taking into account, among other matters, objective and subjective personal factors in the assessment of social generation preferences to carry out activities in a virtual form (e.g., remote work). Proper recognition of these factors enables the development of mobility plans that can significantly reduce traffic congestion.

13

Covid-19 and long-distance coach services in Europe: the impact of changing passenger behavior

Taracha Michał, Guihéry Laurent

Transport Problems

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2023

|

T. 18, z. 3

113--126

EN

The aim of this study is to present the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis in the long-distance coach market in Europe. Firstly, the literature review depicts the dynamic situation of European long-distance transport service providers. It is reiterated that the disruptions to long-distance coach transport triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic are multidimensional. Secondly, 10 econometric panel models, including one spatial and two dynamic panel models, were constructed for 505 or 495 regions (depending on the model) of 26 European countries. The analysis allowed us to draw conclusions about the impact of excess mortality, public sentiment, population density, and infrastructure quality on the number of long-distance FlixBus coach departures. Models indicate that increased anxiety associated with COVID-19 leads to a drop in the number of departures even when mortality anomaly is accounted for. Moreover, the number of departures changed more significantly in response to an increased infection rate in 2021 compared to 2020. This may indicate that long-distance coach companies were encouraged to implement new policies aiming at a lower frequency of trips, thereby increasing certainty that planned departures would not be canceled at the last minute. This can serve as an evidence of a shift in companies’ focus towards greater flexibility of their offers.

14

Comparison of railway performance in the European Union based on DEA analysis during covid crisis

Sternad Marjan, Grofelnik Igor

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

201--210

EN

The efficiency of transportation systems has decreased due to restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the research was to analyze the efficiency of railways in connection with the impact of COVID-19 on rail transport itself. Thus, using data envelopment analysis we determined how the measures during the pandemic affected the efficiency of passenger and freight transport. The efficiency of the railway system was evaluated using a linear programming technique that measures the effectiveness of homogeneous decision-making units. The model’s input variables consisted of technical attributes of railway tracks, while the output variables encompassed train operations, the conveyance of goods, and passenger transport. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between EU countries during the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 crisis had a more substantial effect on the effectiveness of services than its impact on technical aspects. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between countries during the COVID-19 crisis. In the research, we found that the COVID-19 crisis had a negative impact on service effectiveness, as it decreased by more than 3%, while technical efficiency increased during the analyzed period, mainly at the expense of a lower number of train movements when transport equipment was not maintained. The differences between countries indicate the slow adoption of the necessary measures to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and the need for coordinated and flexible action by rail transport policymakers.

15

Zakłócenia zaawansowania procesów restrukturyzacji, rewitalizacji i likwidacji dużej kopalni węgla kamiennego, wywołane pandemią COVID-19

Chmiela Andrzej, Wójcik Dariusz, Wysocka Małgorzata

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2023

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Vol. 12, iss. 1

73--83

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zmiany w strategicznym sektorze, jakim jest górnictwo węgla kamiennego oraz ukazano efekty transformacji przemysłu. Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na restrukturyzację dużej kopalni - oddziału Spółki Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A. (SRK S.A.). Zadaniem SRK S.A. (www.srk.com.pl) jest rewitalizacja i restrukturyzacja przejmowanych kopalń węgla kamiennego postawionych w stan likwidacji. Sytuacja rynkowa odbiła się również na działaniach Spółki. Publikacja analizuje realizację procesów restrukturyzacyjnych w jednej z przejętych przez Spółkę kopalni węgla kamiennego. Przedstawiono zachodzące procesy, najczęściej uniwersalne dla pozostałych oddziałów SRK i wskazano wnioski płynące z zaistniałej sytuacji. Wpływ pandemii spowodował opóźnienia i spowolnienie działań zapewniające jednak, całkowitą lub prawie całkowitą realizację założonych zadań.

EN

The article presents the most important changes in the strategic sector, which is the hard coal mining, and shows the effects of industry transformation. The results of the study of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the restructuring of a large branch of Spółka Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A. (SRK S.A.) were presented. The task of SRK S.A. (www.srk.com.pl) is the revitalization and restructuring of the acquired hard coal mines put into liquidation. The market situation also affected the company's operations. The publication analyzes the implementation of restructuring processes in one of the hard coal mines taken over by the company. The processes that are taking place, most often universal for other SRK branches, were presented and the conclusions drawn from the situation were indicated. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused delays and slowdowns of actions, however, ensuring complete or almost complete implementation of assumed tasks.

16

Działania CSR banków spółdzielczych w Polsce podczas pandemii COVID-19 a bezpieczeństwo państwa

Szczerba Weronika

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2023

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R. 13, Nr 28

71--80

PL

W czasie pandemii COVID-19 banki spółdzielcze w Polsce podejmowały różne działania CSR, mające na celu przeciwdziałanie skutkom kryzysu i ochronę interesów społeczności lokalnych. Banki te przejawiały zaangażowanie w społeczności lokalne poprzez udzielanie wsparcia finansowego dla lokalnych przedsiębiorców i organizacji non-profit, które znalazły się w trudnej sytuacji. Przeznaczały one środki na wsparcie sektora medycznego, dostarczając niezbędny sprzęt medyczny, testy oraz środki ochrony osobistej dla personelu medycznego. Działania CSR banków spółdzielczych miały istotny wpływ na bezpieczeństwo państwa. Poprzez udzielanie wsparcia finansowego dla przedsiębiorców i organizacji non-profit, banki te przyczyniały się do utrzymania miejsc pracy i stabilności gospodarczej. Wsparcie dla sektora medycznego pozwoliło na efektywniejsze zarządzanie pandemią, zapewniając odpowiednie środki ochrony i sprzęt medyczny dla personelu medycznego. Działania CSR banków spółdzielczych w Polsce w czasie pandemii COVID-19 miały istotny wpływ na bezpieczeństwo państwa. Banki te aktywnie angażowały się w pomoc społecznościom lokalnym, wspierały sektor medyczny i prowadziły kampanie edukacyjne. Ich zaangażowanie przyczyniło się do utrzymania miejsc pracy, stabilności gospodarczej oraz zwiększenia świadomości społecznej, co przyczyniło się do ogólnego bezpieczeństwa państwa w trudnym okresie pandemii COVID19. W artykule przedmiotem rozważań są przedsięwzięcia filantropijne realizowane przez wybraną grupę spółdzielni, jaką są banki spółdzielcze, funkcjonujące na rynku usług finansowych w Polsce. Problem badawczym jest zrozumienie, jakie konkretnie działania CSR podejmowane przez banki spółdzielcze w Polsce miały na celu wsparcie lokalnej społeczności i gospodarki w trakcie pandemii COVID-19. Zasadniczym celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie czynności z obszaru społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, które zostały zrealizowane przez banki spółdzielcze podczas pandemii COVID-19. Do realizacji głównego celu wykorzystano źródło pochodzące ze strony Krajowego Związku Banków Spółdzielczych oraz dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu. Metoda, która została użyta w badaniu to analiza dokumentów.

EN

During the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperative banks in Poland undertook various CSR activities aimed at counteracting the effects of the crisis and protecting the interests of local communities. These banks showed commitment to local communities by providing financial support to local entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations that found themselves in a difficult situation. They allocated funds to support the medical sector by providing the necessary medical equipment, tests, and personal protective equipment for medical staff. CSR activities of cooperative banks had a significant impact on state security. By providing financial support to entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations, these banks contributed to maintaining jobs and economic stability. Support for the medical sector allowed for more effective management of the pandemic, providing appropriate protection measures and medical equipment for medical staff. The CSR activities of cooperative banks in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on state security. These banks were actively involved in helping local communities, supporting the medical sector, and conducting educational campaigns. Their involvement contributed to maintaining jobs, economic stability and increasing public awareness, which contributed to the overall security of the state during the difficult period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article considers philanthropic projects carried out by a selected group of cooperatives, which are cooperative banks operating on the financial services market in Poland. The research problem is to understand what specific CSR activities undertaken by cooperative banks in Poland were aimed at supporting the local community and economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this article is to indicate activities in the area of corporate social responsibility that were carried out by cooperative banks during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the main objective, a source from the website of the National Association of Cooperative Banks was used and the literature on the subject was reviewed. The method that was used in the study was document analysis.

17

Ograniczenia wolności i praw człowieka w Polsce w świetle okresu pandemii COVID-19

Fryń Maciej, Kosturek Klaudia

Security Review

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2023

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nr 1 (23)

3--8

EN

This study analyses the solutions adopted by the legislator in Poland in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking up the topic concerning civil rights and freedoms in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic was primarily dictated by the need for a post-factum assessment of the solutions adopted by the Polish legislator to combat the effects of the pandemic in terms of compliance with the Polish and international legal order.

18

A clean industrial scheme for de-ketalization of EIDD-2801 intermediate in water to give molnupiravir (MK-4482) anti-COVID-19 agent (containing its pharmaceutical analytical analysis)

Siadati Seyyed Amir, Samadi Marjan, Soheilizad Mehdi, Firoozpour Loghman, Payab Meghdad, Bagherpour Saeid, Dindari Bahareh

Scientiae Radices

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2023

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Vol. 2, Iss. 2

202--216

EN

Due to the need for molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482) anti-COVID-19 agent, in the present report, we have systematically investigated the effect of different solvents, acids (as catalyst), temperature, and other parameters which play rolls in De-ketalization process of its key intermediate. At the first glance, it might seem to be easy, but the complex nature of MK-4482 agent, and also the ultra-high purity of the crude (which is required for an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)), make this process more complicated. As would be shown below, even a little change in the type of solvent, solvent ratio, the type or the amount of catalyst, and the temperature could directly change the reaction fate (it may lead to emergence of un-controlled impurity profile, or even it could block the reaction). However, in this work, we have been able to run this de-ketalization process only in water as the whole of the system. Here, it was observed that the high energy water molecules have been able to hydrolyze the ketal intermediate of MK-4482.

19

Zanieczyszczenie wirusem SARS-CoV-2 powierzchni opakowań żywności oraz powierzchni użytkowych w sklepach spożywczych w czasie trwania czwartej fali zakażeń COVID-19

Śliwiński Mariusz, Juźwin Ewa, Grześkiewicz Aleksander, Kasińska Dominika, Charkiewicz Radosław, Majewski Piotr, Polak-Śliwińska Magdalena

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 3

33--34

PL

Podczas trwania pandemii COVID-19 wiele osób przejawia obawy zakażenia się wirusem SARS-CoV-2 w placówkach handlowych. Głównymi drogami zakażeń wirusem SARS-CoV-2 są wydalane przez zarażone osoby krople i aerozole, które osiadając na powierzchniach przedmiotów mogą stanowić, poprzez kontakt z nimi, źródło retransmisji wirusa. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu ocenę obecności wirusa SARS-CoV-2 na powierzchniach produktów i przedmiotów często dotykanych przez klientów i personel w sklepach spożywczych. Badania wykonane techniką RTLAMP i potwierdzone techniką RT-PCR wykazały, że materiał genetyczny wirusa SARS-CoV-2 był obecny w wymazach pobranych w czasie trwania czwartej fali zakażeń COVID-19 w Polsce w placówkach mhandlowych oferujących żywność.

EN

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are afraid of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus at retail outlets. The main routes of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus are droplets and aerosols excreted by infected people, which settling on the surfaces of objects, through contact with them can be a source of virus retransmission. The research carried out were aimed at assessing the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the surfaces of products and objects often touched by customers and staff in grocery stores. Research performed with the RT-LAMP technique and confirmed with the RT-PCR technique showed that the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was present in swabs collected during the fourth wave of COVID-19 infections in Poland in grocery stores.

20

SARS-CoV-2 jako szkodliwy czynnik występujący w środowisku pracy branży budowlanej

Szóstak Mariusz, Szalek Maria

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

163--166

PL

Panująca od 2020 roku pandemia COVID-19, wywołana przez koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2, w sposób znaczący odcisnęła swoje piętno na branży budowlanej. Swoiste apogeum nastąpiło wraz z wprowadzeniem przez władze publiczne obostrzeń dotyczących swobody poruszania się, zamknięcia granic, a także dodatkowych obowiązków nałożonych na pracodawców związanych z zapobieganiem rozprzestrzenianiu się pandemii. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych, wśród przedsiębiorstw budowlanych, badań ankietowych w zakresie radzenia sobie z przypadkami wirusa SARS-CoV-2 na terenie budowy.

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic that has been prevalent since 2020, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has significantly left its mark on the construction industry. A certain apogee occurred when public authorities introduced restrictions on freedom of movement, closing borders, as well as additional obligations imposed on employers related to preventing the spread of the pandemic. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among construction companies on how to deal with cases of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on construction sites.