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Wykorzystanie i porównanie metody chemicznej i histologicznej w ocenie zawartości mięsa oraz części kostnych w produktach mięsnych

Szymańska Anna, Bogucka Joanna

Przemysł Spożywczy

2023

T. 77, nr 3

12--18

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny jakości produktów mięsnych metodą chemiczną i histologiczną. Oceniono zawartość mięsa i części kostnych w produktach oraz porównano wyniki obu metod badawczych. Stwierdzono, że wyniki oceny chemicznej i histologicznej są spójne, badanie chemiczne potwierdził obraz histologiczny. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że zawartość mięsa w produktach nie została zachowana na deklarowanym poziomie. W obrazie histologicznym nie zidentyfikowano żadnych zafałszowań surowcami pochodzenia roślinnego lub innymi tkankami pochodzenia niemięsnego. Przyczyn obniżonej mięsności można doszukiwać się zatem weryfikując zadeklarowaną zawartość białka, analizując jakość surowców użytych do produkcji wyrobu, czy też zastosowany proces technologiczny. Wynika z tego, że produkt niespełniający deklaracji mięsności niekoniecznie musi być zafałszowany. Analiza produktów pod kątem zawartości części kostnych, wskazuje na podejrzenie zastosowania MOM-u, bądź potwierdza, że jest to MOM.

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the quality of meat products by chemical and histological methods. The content of meat and bone parts in the products was assessed and the results of both research methods were compared. The results of the chemical and histological assessment were found to be consistent, the chemical examination confirmed the histological picture. The research shows that the meat content of the products was not maintained at the declared level. No adulterations with raw materials of plant origin or other tissues of non-meat origin were identified in the histological image. The reasons for the reduced meat content can therefore be found by verifying the declared protein content or by analyzing the quality of the raw materials used in the production of the product or the technological process used. It follows that a product that does not meet the meat content declaration does not necessarily have to be adulterated. The analysis of products in terms of the content of bone parts indicates a suspicion of the use of MDM or confirms that it is MDM.

Kataliza procesów hydrosililowania z udziałem cieczy jonowych

Bartlewicz Olga, Szymańska Anna, Jankowska-Wajda Magdalena, Dąbek Izabela, Maciejewski Hieronim

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2021

[Z] 75, 1-2

5--29

Hydrosilylation is a fundamental and elegant method for the laboratory and industrial synthesis of organosilicon compounds. The hydrosilylation reaction is usually performed in a single-phase homogeneous system. A major problem, particularly in homogeneous catalysis, is the separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture. The presence of metals in the reaction products, even in trace quantities, is unacceptable for many applications, therefore efforts have been made at applying heterogeneous catalysts or immobilised metal complexes in order to obtain high catalytic activity and easy product isolation at the same time. One of the methods for producing such catalysts is the employment of ionic liquids as agents for the immobilization of metal complexes. Biphasic catalysis in a liquid-liquid system is an ideal approach through which to combine the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The ionic liquids (ILs) generally form the phase in which the catalyst is dissolved and immobilized. In our research we have obtained a number of catalytic systems of such a type which were based on rhodium and platinum complexes dissolved in phosphonium, imidazolium, pyridinium and ammonium liquids. Currently, there has a common trend to obtain heterogenized systems that combine advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, which makes the hydrosilylation process more cost- effective. Such integration of homo- and heterogeneous catalysts is realized in several variants, as supported IL phase catalysts (SILPC) and solid catalysts with ILs layer (SCILL). Although all the above systems show high catalytic activities, their structure is unknown. This is why we have made attempts to modify selected ionic liquids (corresponding to our most effective systems) and we have applied them as ligands in the synthesis of platinum and rhodium complexes. Another group of catalysts comprises anionic complexes of rhodium and platinum which were obtained by reactions between halide complexes of metals and a respective ionic liquid. Most of the obtained complexes are solids insoluble in hydrosilylation reagents and are characterized by a high catalytic activity. A considerable development of heterogeneous catalysts of this type and their application in many hydrosilylation processes can be expected in the future. This mini-review briefly describes the recent progress in the design and development of catalysts based on the presence of ionic liquids and their applications for hydrosilylation processes.